-
英美法系
system of Anglo-American
law
法
律
渊
源
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
l
a
w
制定法
statute
判例法
case law; precedent
普通法
common law
特别法
special law
固有法
native law; indigenous
law
继受法
adopted law
实体法
substantial law
程序法
procedural law
原则法
fundamental law
例外法
exception law
司法解释
judicial interpretation
习惯法
customary law
公序良俗
public order and moral
自然法
natural law
罗马法
Roman Law
私法
private law
公法
public law
市民法
jus civile
万民法
jus gentium
民法法系
civil law system
大陆法系
civil law system
普通法
common law
大陆法
continental law
罗马法系
Roman law system
衡平法
equity; law of equity
日尔曼法
Germantic law
教会法
ecclesiastical law
寺院法
canon law
伊斯兰法
Islamic law
民法法律规范
norm of civil law
授权规范
authorization norm
禁止规范
forbidding norm
义务性规范
obligatory norm
命令性规范
commanding norm
民法基本原则
fundamental
principles of
civil law
平等原则
principle of equality
自愿原则
principle of free will
公平原则
principle of justice
等价有偿原则
principle of equal
value
exchange
诚实信用原则
principle of good
faith
行为
act
作为
ac
不作为
omission
合法行为
lawful act
违法行为
unlawful act
民事权利权利能力
civil right
绝对权
absolute right
相对权
relative right
否认权
right of claiming
cancellation
解除权
right of
renouncement
代位权
subrogated
right
选择权
right of choice
承认权
right of admission
终止权
right of termination
抗辩权
right of defense
一时性抗辩权
momentary right of
defense
永久性抗辩权
permanent
counter-argument
right
不安抗辩权
unstable counter-
argument
right
同时履行抗辩权
defense right of
simultaneous performance
优先权
right of priority
先买权
preemption
原权
antecedent right
救济权
right of relief
支配权
right of dominion
请求权
right of claim
物上请求权
right of claim
for real
thing
形成权
right of formation
撤销权
right of claiming
cancellation
既得权
tested right
期待权
expectant right
专属权
exclusive right
非专属权
non-exclusive right
人身权利
personal right
人权
human right
人格权
right of personality
生命健康权
right of life and
health
姓名权
right of name
名称权
right of name
肖像权
right of portraiture
自由权
right of freedom
名誉权
right reputation
隐私权
right of privacy
私生活秘密权
right of privacy
贞操权
virginity right
身份权
right of status
亲权
parental power; parental
right
亲属权
right of relative
探视权
visitation right
配偶权
right of spouse
荣誉权
right of honor
权利的保护
protection of right
公力救济
public protection
私力救济
self-protection
权利本位
standard of right
社会本位
standard of society
无责任行为
irresponsible right
正当防卫
justifiable right;
ligitimate
defence
防卫行为
act of defence
自为行为
self-conducting act
紧急避险
act of rescue;
necessity
自助行为
act of self-
help
不可抗力
force majeure
意外事件
accident
行为能力
capacity for act
意思能力
capacity of will
民事行为
civil act
意思表示
declaration of
intention
意思表示一致
meeting
of
minds;
consensus
完全行为能力
perfect capacity for act
限制行为能力
restrictive capacity
for
act
准禁治产人
quasi-interdicted person
保佐
protection
自治产人
minor who is
capable of
administering his own
capacity
无行为能力
incapacity
for act
禁治产人
interdicted
person
自然人
natural person
公民
citizen
住所
domicile
居所
residence
经常居住地
frequently dwelling
place
户籍
census register
监护
guardianship
个体工商户
individual business
农村承包经营户
leaseholding rural
household
合伙
partnership
合伙人
partner
合伙协议
partnership agreement
合伙财产
property of partnership
合伙债务
debt of partnership
入伙
join partnership
退伙
withdrawal from
partnership
合伙企业
partnership
business
establishment
个人合伙
partnership
法人合伙
partnership of legal
person
特别合伙
special
partnership
普通合伙
general
partnership
有限合伙
limited
partnership
民事合伙
civil
partnership
隐名合伙
sleeping
partnership; dormant
partnership
私营企业
private enterprise;
proprietorship
法人
legal person
企业法人
legal body
of enterprise
企业集团
group of
enterprise
关联企业
affiliate
enterprise
个人独资企业
individual
business
establishment
国有独资企业
solely state-owned
enterprise
中外合资企业
Sino-foreign joint venture
enterprise
中外合作企业
Sino-foreign
contractual
enterprise
社团法人
legal
body
of
mass
organization
财团法人
legal body of financial group
联营
joint venture
法人型联营
association of legal
persons
合伙型联营
coordinated
management in
partnership
协作型联营
cooperation-type
coordinated
management
合作社
cooperative
民事法律行为
civil legal act
单方民事法律行为
unilateral civil
legal
act
双方民事法律行为
bilateral civil
legal
act
多方民事法律行为
joint act civil
legal
term
生前民事法律行为
civil legal act
before
act
有偿民事法律行为
civil legal act
with
consideration
无偿民事法律行为
civil
legal
act
without
consideration; civil legal act without
award
实践性民事法律行为
practical civil
legal act
法律翻译公司
诺成性民事法律行为
consental civil
legal act
要式民事法律行为
formal civil legal
act
不要式民事法律行为
informal civil
legal
act
要因民事法律行为
causative civil
legal
act
不要因民事法律行为
noncausative civil
legal act
主民事法律行为
principal
civil
legal
act
从民事法律行为
accessory
civil
legal
act
附条件民事法律行为
conditional civil
legal act
附期限民事法律行为
civil legal act
with
death
死后民事法律行为
civil legal act
after
death
准民事法律行为
quasi-civil legal
act
无效行为
ineffective act
可撤销民事行为
revocable civil act
违法行为
illegal act; unlawful
act
侵权行为
tort
欺诈
fraud
胁迫
duress
乘人之危
taking advantage of
others
’
precarious position
以合法形式掩盖非法目的
legal form
concealing illegal intention
恶意串通
malicious collaboration
重大误解
gross misunderstanding
显失公平
obvious unjust
误传
misrepresentation
代理
agency
本人
principal
被代理人
principal
受托人
trustee
代理人
agent
本代理人
original agent
法定代理人
statutory agent; legal
agent
全权代理
general agency
全权代理委托书
general
power
of
attorney
共同代理
joint agency
独家代理
sole agency
委托代理人
agent by mandate
指定代理人
designated agent
复代理人
subagent
再代理人
subagent
转代理人
subagent
代理权
right of agency
授权行为
act of authorization
授权委托书
power of attorney
代理行为
act of agency
委托代理
agency by mandate
本代理
original agency
复代理
subagency
次代理
subagency
有权代理
authorized agency
表见代理
agency by estoppel;
apparent
agency
律师代理
agency by lawyer
普通代理
general agency
居间
brokerage
居间人
broker
行纪
commission; broker house
信托
trust
时效
time limit; prescription;
limitation
时效中止
suspension of
prescription/limitation
时效中断
interruption of
limitation/prescription
时效延长
extension of limitation
取得时效
acquisitive
prescription
时效终止
lapse of
time; termination of
prescription
期日
date
期间
term
涉外民事关系
civil relations with
foreign elements
冲突规范
rule of conflict
准据法
applicable law;
governing law
反致
renvoi;
remission
转致
transmission
识别
identification
公共秩序保留
reserve of public
order
法律规避
evasion of law
国籍
nationality
国有化
nationalization
法律责任
legal liability
民事责任
civil
liability/responsibility
行政责任
administrative
liability/responsibility
刑事责任
criminal
liability/responsibility
违约责任
liability
of
breach
of
contract;
responsibility of
default
有限责任
limited
liability
无限责任
unlimited
liability
按份责任
shared/several liability
连带责任
joint and several
liability
过失责任
liability for
negligence;
negligent liability
过错责任
fault liability;
liability for
fault
单独过错
sole fault
共同过错
joint fault
混合过错
mixed fault
被害人过错
victim
’
s fault
第三人过错
third
party
’
s fault
推定过错
presumptive fault
恶意
bad faith; malice
故意
deliberate intention;
intention;
willfulness
过失
negligence
重大过失
gross negligence
疏忽大意的过失
careless and
inadvertent
negligence
过于自信的过失
negligence with
undue
assumption
损害事实
facts of damage
有形损失
tangible damage/loss
无形损失
intangible damage/loss
财产损失
property damage/loss
人身损失
personal damage/loss
精神损失
spiritual damage/loss
民事责任承担方式
methods of bearing
civil liability
停止侵害
cease the infringing
act
排除妨碍
exclusion
of
hindrance;
removal
物
property
生产资料
raw material
for production
生活资料
means of
livelihood; means of
of obstacle
消除危险
elimination of danger
返还财产
restitution of property
恢复原状
restitution;
restitution of
original state
赔偿损失
compensate for a loss;
indemnify for a loss
支付违约金
payment of liquidated
damage
消除影响
eliminate ill
effects
恢复名誉
rehabilitate
one
’
s reputation
赔礼道歉
extend a formal apology
物权
jus
ad
rem;
right
in
rem;
real
right
物权制度
real right system;
right
in
rem
system
一物一权原则
the
principal
of
One
thing,
One Right
物权法定主义
principal of legality
of
right in rem
物权公示原则
principal
of
public
summons
of right in rem
物权法
jus rerem
subsistence
流通物
res in commercium; a thing in
commerce
限制流通物
limited merchantable
thing
禁止流通物
res
extra
commercium;
a
thing
out of
commerce
资产
asset
固定资产
fixed asset
流动资产
current asset; floating
asset
动产
movables; chattel
不动产
immovable; real estate
特定物
res certae; a certain
thing
种类物
genus; indefinite
thing
可分物
res
divisibiles;
divisible
things
不可分物
res
indivisibiles; indivisible
things
主物
res capitalis; a
principal thing
从物
res
accessoria; an accessory thing
原物
original thing
孳息
fruits
天然孳息
natural fruits
法定孳息
legal fruits
无主物
bona vacatia; vacant
goods;
ownerless goods
遗失物
lost property
漂流物
drifting object
埋藏物
fortuna; hidden property
货币
currency
证券
securities
债券
bond
物权分类
classification of right
in
rem/real right
自物权
jus in re propria; right
of full
ownership
所有权
dominium; ownership;
title
所有权凭证
document of
title; title of
ownership
占有权
dominium utile;
equitable
ownership
使用权
right of use; right to
use of
收益权
right
to
earnings;
right
to
yields
处分权
right of disposing; jus
dispodendi
善意占有
possession in good faith
恶意占有
malicious possession
按份共有
several possession
共同共有
joint possession
他物权
jus in re aliena
用益物权
real right for usufruct
使用权
right to use; right of
use
土地使用权
right to the use
of land
林权
forest ownership
采矿权
mining ownership
经营权
managerial authority;
power of
management
承包经营权
right to contracted
management
相邻权
neighboring right; relatedright
地上权
superficies
永佃权
jus emphyteuticum; right
to
landed estate granted in perpetuity
through a contract
地役权
servitude; easement
人役权
servitus personarum;
personal
servitude
担保物权
real right for security
物的担保
security for thing
物的瑕疵担保
warranty against
defect of
a thing
抵押权
hypotheca;
hypothecation; right
mortgage
抵押优先权
priority of mortgage
留置权
lien
to
mortgage
抵押权的设定
creation of
right to
mortgage
抵押人
mortgagor
抵押权人
mortgagee
抵押标的物
collateral; estate
under
mortgage
抵押权的效力
deffect of right to
mortgage
抵押权的次序
sequence of right to
mortgage
抵押权的抛弃
abandonment of right
to
mortgage
抵押权的让与
alienation of right
to
mortgage
抵押权的实现
materialization
of
right
to
mortgage
抵押权的消灭
extinction of right to
mortgageregistration of estate under
mortgage
抵押物登记
registration of estate under
一般留置权
general lien
特别留置权
special lien
质权
hypotheque;
pledge;
right
of
pledge
佃权
tenant
right
债权
jus in personam;
right to give or
procure; claim;
creditor
’
s right
债权人
creditor
债务人
debtor
相对人
counterpart; offeree
给付
give; pay
债务
debt; liability;
obligation
债务的偿还
payment of
debt
债务的偿清
discharge of debt
债务的担保
guarantee of debt
债务的合并
consolidation of debt
债务的给付日期
debt maturity
债务的免除
exemption of debt
债的分类
obligatio; obligation
法定之债
legal obligation
任意之债
voluntary obligation
简单之债
simple obligation
选择之债
alternative obligation
主债
prime/principal
obligation
从债
accessory
obligation
单一之债
single
obligation
按份之债
several
obligation
连带之债
joint
obligation
特定之债
certain
obligation
种类之债
indefinite
obligation
合同之债
contractual
obligation
侵权行为之债
tort
obligation
损害赔偿之债
obligation
of compensation
for injury; obligation
of damages
人身损害
damage to
person
精神损害
moral/mental/spiritual damage
医药费
hospital treatment
expense
医疗费
medical charge
抚恤金
pension
慰问金
consolation money
产品瑕疵
defect of product
不当得利
unjust enrichment
无因管理
voluntary service
债的担保
guarantee of obligation
财产担保
property guarantee
信用担保
credit guarantee
让与担保
alienation guarantee
保证
guaranty
明示保证
express guaranty
默示保证
implied guaranty
保证人
guarantor
保证合同
contract of
guaranty/suretyship
保证金
guaranty bond; security
deposit
押金
deposit; foregift
预付款
advanced payment
定金
earnest money; deposit
违约金
liquidated damages
法定违约金
liquidated damages by
law
约定违约金
liquidated damages
by
agreement
债的履行
performance of obligation
实际履行原则
doctrine of specific
performance
情事变更原则
doctrine of change of
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：世界各国基本信息一览表
下一篇：概要写作