-
考研英语翻译技巧
一、
增词、减词与换词
1.
As a biographer knows, a person’s early
life and its condition are often the greatest gift
to an
individual.
正如传记作家所知的那
样，一个人的早期生活及
环境
通常是
他
一生
中最大的礼物。
2. Both previous shocks resulted in
double-digit inflation and global economic
decline.
过去的两次危机
均
导致两位数通货膨胀和全球经济衰退。
3. The world is going through the
biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions
ever witnessed
.
我们的世界正在经历有史以来最大的一波兼并和收购浪潮。
4. Newspapers are becoming
more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of
revenues from
readers and advertisers.
报纸越来越成为收支平衡的生意，
来自于
读者和广告商的收益
比例协调
。
5. He is publishing a paper
which not only suggests that one group of humanity
is more intelligent
than the others,
but explains the process that has brought this
about.
他的正在发表的一篇论文不仅暗示出某个人类群体会比其他群体更聪明，
还解释了
这种现象
产生的过程。
6. In physics, one
approach takes this impulse for unification to its
extreme.
在物理学中，有一种方法将这一
寻求
一致性的冲动发挥到极致。
7. If a farmer wishes to succeed, he
must try to keep a wide gap between his
consumption and
his production.
农业生产者想要成功，
就必须尽量多生产而少消费
。<
/p>
二、
长句的截断
1.
Lots
of
studies
have
found
that
well-
educated
people
from
developing
countries
are
particularly likely to
emigrate.
大量研究发现，发展中国家中受过良好教育的人尤其可能选择移居
他国。
2. The
substantial buying power of such an agency would
strengthen the public prescription-drug
insurance plans
to
negotiate the lowest possible
purchase prices from drug companies.
该机
构实质性的购买力会巩固公共处方药保险计划，
从而与药品公司谈判，
< br>以尽可能获得最
低价格。
3. The behavioral sciences have been
slow to change partly
because
the explanatory
items often
seem to be directly
observed
and
partly
because
other kinds of
explanations have been hard to
find.
行为科学的改变很缓慢，
这部分是由于解释性术语通常是直接观察到
的，
部分是由于很难发
现其它形式的解释。
4.
The
southern
states
would
not
have
signed
the
Constitution
without
protections
for
the
peculiar institution.
如果不保护南方各州的制度，他们当时就不会签署宪法。
5.
Having
endured a painful period of “unsustainability” in
his own life made it clear to him that
sustainability-oriented values must be
expressed though everyday action and choice.
在已经经历了一次痛苦的
“不可持续”时期之后，他清楚地意识到，
以可持续性为导向的价
值观必须通过每日行动和抉择来得到表达。
三、
被动态译法
1. Wood
could
be used
to produce
many kinds of furniture.
木材可以用来制造各种家具。
2.
These
computers
emit
a
great
deal
of
heat,
so
the
data
centers
need
to
be
well
air-
conditioned
.
这些电脑释放出大量的热，因此数
据中心需要处于良好的温度状态。
3. Darwin
was
convinced
that the loss of these tastes
was not only a loss of happiness, but might
possibly be injurious to the intellect,
and more probably to the moral character.
< br>达尔文相信，
这些品味的失去不仅是快乐的丧失，
还可能
损害才智，
更有可能造成道德品质
的败坏。
4. We
are
thus led to
distinguish, within the
broad educational process which we have been so
far considering, a more formal kind of
education.
这
因此使得我们能从迄今一直在考虑的
广泛教育过程中，区分出一种更加正式的教育形式。
5. The pattern
was
observed
by political scientist Andrew
Hacker in the late 1970s.
该模式
是
政治科学家安德鲁·哈克在
20
世
纪
70
年代后期所观察到的。
6. This year, it
was proposed
that system be
changed.
今年
有人
提议改变
这一体制。
7. A man
arrives in heaven and
is being shown
around
by St. Peter.
一位男子来到天
堂，
由
圣皮特带领他参观。
8. Almost all our major
problems involve human behavior, and they cannot
be solved
by physical
and biological technology alone.
我们几乎所有重大问题都牵涉到人类行为，仅通过物理学和生物学技术是
难以
解决
的。
四、
定语从句的译法
(1)
that
型
1. A
further concern is that the use of electronic
means of payment leaves an electronic trail that
contains a large amount of personal
data on buying habits.
更加令人担忧的是，
使用电子支付方式会留下电子痕迹，
这些痕迹
包含大量
个人购买习惯的
数据。
2. These are the kind of workers that
countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try
to attract by
using immigration rules
that privilege college graduates.
这些劳动者
是诸如英国、
加拿大以及澳大利亚等国试图通过移民规则来吸引的人才，
这些国
家的移民规则
给大学毕业生以优待。
3. It tends to
ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many
elements in the land community that
lack commercial value, but that are
essential to its healthy functioning.
这
一体系容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，
然而
这些
物种
对于整个生物群落的
健康运行是至关重要的。
4. This will be
particularly true since energy pinch will make it
difficult to continue agriculture in
the high-energy American fashion that
makes it possible to combine few farmers with high
yields.
这种困境将是确定无疑的，
因为能源的匮乏，
高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式很难在农业中继
续下去，而
这种耕作方式
使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
5. It leads the
discussion to extremes at the outset: it invited
you to think that animals should be
treated either with consideration
humans extend to other humans, or with no
consideration at
all.
这在一开始就
将问题引向极端，
它让人们认为应该这样对待动物：
要么
象
对待人类自身那样
去关怀，要么完全冷漠无
情。
(2)
which
型
1.
Thus, the anthropological concept of
“culture”, like the concept of “set” in
mathematics, is an
abstract
concept
which
makes
possible
immense
amounts
of
concrete
research
and
understanding.
因
此，人类学中的“文化”就象数学中的“集”一样，是一个抽象概念，
这种抽象概念
使大
量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
2.
A
bill
by
Democratic
Senator
Robert
Byrd
of
West
Virginia,
which
would
offer
financial
incentives for
private industry, is a promising start.
西弗吉尼亚州的民主党参议院罗伯特?比尔德提议向私营产业提供财政刺激，
这一提案
是一
个有希望的开端。
3. Furthermore, humans have
the ability to modify the environment in which
they live.
而且，人类还有能力改变自己
的
生存环境。
4.
Now since the assessment of intelligence is a
comparative matter, we must be sure that the
scale with which we are comparing our
subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison.
现在，
既然对智力的评估是比较性的
，那么，
在
对我们的对象进行比较
时<
/p>
，
所采用的尺度就
应当是“有效的”或“
公平的”
。
(3) who, whom,
whose
型
1. I shall
define him as an individual who has elected as his
primary duty and pleasure in life the
activity of thinking in Socratic way
about moral problems.
我将其定义
为这样一个人：
他
以苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题，
并将此当作人生的主要责
任和乐趣。
2.
On
another
level,
many
in
the
medical
community
acknowledge
that
the
assisted
suicide
debate
has
been
fueled
in
part
by
the
despair
of
patients
for
whom
modern
medicine
has
prolonged the physical
agony of dying.
在另一层面上，
许多医学界
人士承认，
关于辅助自杀的争论的升温的部分原因在于病人的绝
望情绪，
对这些病人来说
，现代医学事实上延长了临终前身体的
痛苦。
3.
“It was a really bad move because
that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma
about the
job translated, predictable,
into a lack of sales.
宁说：
“因为
这个工作不是我的兴趣所在，
所以这的确是糟糕的一步。
”
结果可想而知，
他的
这一矛盾心理
导致他的销售业绩不佳。
4. Realistic optimists are these who
make the best of things that happen.
现实
的乐观主义者是那些把发生的事情做到最好
的
人。
5.
Firms
who
want
to
keep
their
outside
directors
through
tough
times
may
have
to
create
incentives.
加入
公司想
在困难时期留住独立董事，就必须提供经济激励。
(4) where
型
1. Most of the prospective graduate
students wish to enter a satisfactory university
where they
can not only find exciting
life but also improve themselves on academics
works.
大部分研究生考试希望进入一个令人满意的学校，
这个学校
不但有激动人心的生活，
还能使
自己的学术能力得到提升。
2. Some courts are beginning to side
with defendants, especially in cases where a
warning label
probably wouldn’t have
changed anything.
一些法庭开始支持被告
方，尤其是
在
那些警告标签也无济于事的案件
< br>中
。
五、
后置定语译法
1. To
deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google
has to maintain vast data centers around the
world, packed with powerful computers.
那么，
为了将结果快速传送给用户，
谷
歌就必须建立并维护遍布全球的大型数据中心，
这些
数据中心<
/p>
配备了功能强大的计算机。
2.
An
invisible
border
divides
those
arguing
for
computers
in
the
classroom
on
the
behalf
of
students career prospects and those
arguing for computers in the classroom for broader
reasons
of radical educational reform.
对于计算机课堂教学，
人们在观点上存在着一条无形的界线：<
/p>
有人认为
应从学生的就业前景
来考虑这一
问题，
而
另一些人认为
应从推行彻底的
教育改革方面来更加全面地考虑计算机进
入教室这一问题。
3.
The
ideals
of
the
early
leaders
of
independence
were
often
egalitarian,
valuing
equality
of
everything.
早期
独立领导人通常是平均主义理想，
该理想
珍视一切平等。
六、
名词性从句译法
(1)
what
引导
1. When I
think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does.
当我回忆起悲伤事件时，我所
做的
和所有人
一样。
2.
What
makes
this
figure
different
from
the
last,
he
says,
is
that
there
are
still
buyers
in
the
market.
他说道，使
得这一数字与先前不同的
原因
在于，市场中仍然存在买家。
3. Knowing what
you're good at and doing even more of it creates
excellence.
了解了你擅长的
< br>领域
，并多加练习，就能变得优秀。
4. We unconsciously
associate fast food with speed and impatience and
carry those impulses into
whatever else
we’re doing.
我们无意识地将快餐和速度及不耐
烦联系起来，
并把这种冲动带入到日常所做的
每一件事
中
去。
5. One difficulty is that almost all of
what is called behavioral science continues to
trace behavior
to states of mind,
feelings, traits of character, human nature, and
so on.
一个困难在于，
几乎所有成为行为科学的
学科
都继续到心态、
感觉、性格特征、人性等
因素
中去探究行为。
6. To filter out what is unique from
what is shared might enable us to understand how
complex
cultural behavior arose.
如果能将
独特性
与
普遍性<
/p>
相分离，我们就能够理解文化行为产生的
复杂性
< br>。
(2)
how
引导
1. The
question is how we can get the loan.
问题
是我们获得贷款的
方式
。
2. The Greeks assumed that
the structure of language had some connection with
the process of
thought, which took root
in Europe long before people realized how diverse
languages could be.
希腊人认为本语
言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系，
这种观点早在人们意识到语言的
千
差万别
之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。
3.
A
Google
search
can
leak
between
0.2
and
7.0
grams
of
CO2,
depending
on
how
many
attempts are needed to get the “right”
answers.
在谷歌上进行一次搜索便会产生
0.2
到
7.0
克的二氧
化碳，
具体数值取决于人们得到
“正确”
答案所需的查询
次数
。
(3)
其它
1.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand
why t
he Royal Shakespeare Company needs
a subsidy.
无论如何，镇民们还是不能够理解皇家莎士比亚剧团需要补助的
原因
。
2. They caught up to where they should
have stayed.
他们终于来到他们本该呆的
地方<
/p>
。
3.
He told them who he was and what he had done in
the past.
他向他们讲述他的
身份和经历
。
4.
When
the
first
draft
should
be
finished
and
how
it should
be
ameliorated
are
just
two
of
a
great number of
difficulties that the fledging newspaper reporter
encounters.
完成初稿的
时间
以及修改
方式
，是这个初出茅庐的新闻记者面临的众多问题
中的两个。
5. This is
why the more neutral substance is now used by many
physicians and psychologists.
这就是很多医师和心
理学家现在更多使用中性物质的
原因
。
6. Depending on whom you
are addressing, the problems will be different.
根据演讲
对象
的不同，问题应该也有所不同
。
七、
同位语译法
1. There is
a principle that all citizens should meet minimal
qualifications of age and literacy.
有一个
这样的原则，那就是所有公民应当满足最低的年龄要求和识字能力要求。
2.
Part of the
fame of Allen’s book is its contention that
“Circ
umstances do not make a person;
they reveal him.”
爱伦的书之所以出名，部分原因是因为它的一个观点，即
“环境并未造就人，
而是揭示了人
的本性。
”
3.
The word
“amateur” does carry a connotation that the person
concerned is not fully integrated
into the scientific community and, in
particular, may not fully share its values.
“业余爱好者”
一词的确带有这样一种内涵，
那就是
，
没有完全整合进科学界的人不会分享
其价值观。
4. Online culture
thinks highly of the notion that the information
flowing onto the screen comes
there by
specific request.
网上文化推崇这样一个概念，即在你提出具体的
要求之后，信息才会出现在你屏幕上。
5. The idea that the journalist must
understand the law more profoundly than an
ordinary citizen
rests on an
understanding of the established conventions and
special responsibilities of the news
media.
新闻工作者对于法律的理解应当比普通公民更加
深刻，
这个观点建立在对新闻媒体既定规范
和特殊社会责任的理
解的基础之上。
6. Being
interested in the relationship of language and
thought, Whorf developed the idea that
the structure of language determines
the structure of habitual thought.
沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，
因此他逐渐形成了这样的观点：
一个社会中，
语言的
结构决定习惯思维
的结构。
7. The
common belief of some linguistics that each
language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts
of
the
nation
speaking
it
is
in
some
ways
the
exact
counterpart
of
the
conviction
of
the
Manchester school of
economics that supply and demand will regulate
everything for the rest.
一些语言学家的共同见解是，每
一种语言都是使用该语言的民族用以表达思想的完美载体。
这一观点在某些方面与曼彻斯
特经济学派的观点，即供给与需求会将一切调节至尽善尽美，
有异曲同工之处。
8. There is a
principle that all citizens should meet minimal
qualifications of age and literacy.
有一个
原则是：所有公民应当具备最低的年龄要求和识字能力要求。
八、
状语译法
1. Hearing
the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
听到这个消息，他们立即出发到上海去了。
2. Seen from the pagoda,
the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of
trees.
从这个塔上远眺，紫金山南麓是树的海洋。
3. Printed white, the house
looks bigger.
漆成白色后，这房子像是更大了。
4. Having written an important letter,
I listened to the music for a while.
写完一封重要的信之后，我听了一会儿音乐。
5.
Arguing
from
the
view
that
humans
are
different
from
animals
in
every
relevant
respect,
extremists of this kind think that
animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
持极端观点的人认为，人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，所以对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
g in the last year
of his life, Darwin expressed the opinion that in
two or three respects
his mind had
changed during the preceding twenty or thirty
years.
达尔文在生命的最后一年里表达到，
在最后二三
十年里，
他的思想在两三个方面发生了改变。
九、
独立主格译法
1.
Mary coming back, they discussed it
together. (= When Mary came back…)
玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。
2.
Health and
persistence given, one can do great things. (=If
health and persistence are given…)
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