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必备法律词汇
——
民事法律
法律渊源
source of
law
制定法
statute
判例法
case law; precedent
普通法
common law
特别法
special law
固有法
native law; indigenous
law
继受法
adopted law
实体法
substantial law
程序法
procedural law
原则法
fundamental law
例外法
exception law
司法解释
judicial interpretation
习惯法
customary law
公序良俗
public order and moral
自然法
natural law
罗马法
Roman Law
私法
private law
公法
public law
市民法
jus civile
万民法
jus gentium
民法法系
civil law system
英美法系
system of Anglo-American
law
大陆法系
civil law system
普通法
common law
大陆法
continental law
罗马法系
Roman law system
英吉利法
衡平法
equity; law of equity
日尔曼法
Germantic law
教会法
ecclesiastical law
寺院法
canon law
伊斯兰法
Islamic law
民法法律规范
norm of civil law
授权规范
authorization norm
禁止规范
forbidding norm
义务性规范
obligatory norm
命令性规范
commanding norm
民法基本原则
fundamental principles
of civil law
平等原则
principle
of equality
自愿原则
principle of
free will
公平原则
principle of
justice
等价有偿原则
principle of
equal value exchange
诚实信用原则
principle of good
faith
债的担保
guarantee of obligation
财产担保
property guarantee
信用担保
credit guarantee
让与担保
alienation guarantee
保证
guaranty
明示保证
express guaranty
默示保证
implied
guaranty
保证人
guarantor
保证合同
contract of
guaranty/suretyship
保证金
guaranty bond; security
deposit
押金
deposit; foregift
预付款
advanced payment
定金
earnest money; deposit
违约金
liquidated damages
法定违约金
liquidated damages by
law
约定违约金
liquidated damages
by agreement
债的履行
performance
of obligation
实际履行原则
doctrine
of specific performance
情事变更原则
doctrine of change of
circumstances
不当履行
misfeasance
清偿
discharge; satisfaction
提存
debtor’s submission of the
subject matter of obligation to competent
authority
抵销
setoff
知识产权
intellectual
property
知识产权国际保护
international
protection of intellectual property
国民待遇原则
doctrine of national
treatment
优先权原则
a right of
priority doctrine
自动保护原则
doctrine of automatic
protection
特许权使用费
royalties
智力成果
intellectual property
著作权
copyright
版权
copyright
著作权人
copyright owner
创作
creation
作品
opus; product; work
著作人格权
right of personality of
copyright
发表权
right of
publication
署名权
right of
authorship; right of paternity
修改权
right of modification;
right of revision
完整性保持权
right to maintain
integrity
不可侵犯权
inviolability
收回权
right of recall; right of
retrieval
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行为
/
作为
act
不作为
omission
合法行为
lawful act
违法行为
unlawful act
民事权利权利能力
civil right
绝对权
absolute right
相对权
relative right
优先权
right of priority
先买权
preemption
原权
antecedent right
救济权
right of relief
支配权
right of dominion
请求权
right of claim
物上请求权
right of claim for real
thing
形成权
right of formation
撤销权
right of claiming
cancellation
否认权
right of
claiming cancellation
解除权
right of renouncement
代位权
subrogated right
选择权
right of choice
承认权
right of admission
终止权
right of termination
抗辩权
right of defense
一时性抗辩权
momentary right of
defense
永久性抗辩权
permanent
counter-argument right
不安抗辩权
unstable counter-
argument right
同时履行抗辩权
defense right of
simultaneous performance
既得权
tested right
期待权
expectant right
专属权
exclusive right
非专属权
non-exclusive right
人身权利
personal right
人权
human right
人格权
right of personality
生命健康权
right of life and
health
姓名权
right of name
名称权
right of name
肖像权
right of portraiture
自由权
right of freedom
名誉权
right of reputation
隐私权
right of privacy
私生活秘密权
right of privacy
贞操权
virginity right
身份权
right of status
亲权
parental power; parental
right
亲属权
right of relative
探视权
visitation right
自费出版
publish a
book at the author’s own expense
著作财产权
property right in work
使用收益分享权
right to share
usufruct
利用权
right to make
use of
获得报酬权
right to get
payment
重播权
right of
rebroadcasting
录制权
right of
fixation
机械复制权
right of
mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction
著作邻接权
neighboring right of
copyright
剽窃
plagiary;
plagiarism
盗版
pirate
盗版
VCD pirated VCD
伪造
forge
工业产权
industrial property
专利权
patent right
优先权日
priority date
申请在先原则
prior application rule
使用在先
priority of use
新颖性
novelty
创造性
creativity
实用性
practicability
发明创造
invention and creation
实用新型
utility model
外观设计
design; industrial
design
发明权
right of invention
发现权
right of discovery
专利申请
patent application
专利异议
objection to a patent
专利公告
patent gazette
专利续展费
renewal fee of patent
专利许可协议
patent licensing
agreement
技术诀窍
know-how
专有技术
know-how
专利证书
certificate of patent
专利事务所
patent office
专利代理
patent agency
中华人民共和国专利局
Patent Office of
the People’s Republic of
China
商标权
trademark right
商标国际注册
international
registration of trademark
商品商标
commodity trademark
服务商标
service trademark
驰名商标
reputed trademark
广告商标
advertisement trademark
近似商标
similar trademark
商标评审委员会
trade review and
appraisal board
商标审查
trademark examination
商标侵权
trademark infringement
2
配偶权
right of spouse
荣誉权
right of honor
权利的保护
protection of right
公力救济
public protection
私力救济
self-protection
权利本位
standard of right
社会本位
standard of society
无责任行为
irresponsible right
正当防卫
justifiable right;
ligitimate defence
防卫行为
act
of defence
自为行为
self-
conducting act
紧急避险
act of
rescue; necessity
自助行为
act of
self-help
不可抗力
force majeure
意外事件
accident
行为能力
capacity for act
意思能力
capacity of will
民事行为
civil act
意思表示
declaration of intention
意思表示一致
meeting of minds;
consensus
完全行为能力
perfect
capacity for act
限制行为能力
restrictive capacity
for act
准禁治产人
quasi-
interdicted person
保佐
protection
自治产人
minor who is capable of
administering his own capacity
无行为能力
incapacity for act
禁治产人
interdicted person
自然人
natural person
公民
citizen
住所
domicile
居所
residence
经常居住地
frequently dwelling
place
户籍
census register
监护
guardianship
个体工商户
individual business
农村承包经营户
leaseholding rural
household
合伙
partnership
合伙人
partner
合伙协议
partnership agreement
合伙财产
property of partnership
合伙债务
debt of partnership
入伙
join partnership
退伙
withdrawal from
partnership
合伙企业
partnership
business establishment
个人合伙
partnership
法人合伙
partnership of legal
person
特别合伙
special
partnership
商标注册
registered trademark
商标公告
trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可
licensing of
registered trademark
注册商标转让
assignment of
registered trademark
商标使用许可协议
trademark licensing
agreement
商标事务所
trademark
office
商标代理
trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养
marriage, family,
inheritance, adoption
婚姻法
marital law; marriage
law
包办婚姻
arranged
marriage
财产分割
partition;
dismemberment of property
重婚
bigamy
独生子女
only child
法律婚
legal marriage
非婚生子女
illegitimate child
夫妻共同财产
community property
夫妻关系
conjugal relationship
夫妻分居
divorce a mensa et
thoro; divorce from bed and board
复婚
resumption of marriage
感情破裂
incompatibility
婚后财产公证
notarization of
postnuptial properties
婚姻登记
marriage registration
婚生子女
ligitimate child
计划生育
birth control
结婚
marry
离婚
divorce
买卖婚姻
mercenary marriage
拟制血亲
blood relations in
fiction of law
旁系血亲
collateral relation
blood relation
涉外婚姻
marriage
with foreign elements
配偶
spouse
事实婚
de facto marriage
诉讼离婚
divorce by litigation
探视权
visitation right
同居
cohabitation
晚婚
late marriage
无效婚姻
void marriage
协议离婚
divorce by agreement
一夫一妻制
monogamy
早婚
early marriage
直系血亲
lineal descent
自然血亲
natural blood relation
收养法
adoption law
收养协议
adoption agreement
收养人
adoptive parent
送养人
person or institution
placing out a child for adoption
涉外收养
adoption with foreign
elements
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