欧洲简史

欧洲简史

A BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPE

我们所知 的历史永远是带有偏见的，

因为研究人类的是别的人类，

而不是 另一个具有独立观察能力的物种。

History, as we know, is always bias because human beings have to be studied by other human beings

not by independent observers of another species.

在中世纪的时候，所有人都是中年人。教会 和国家互相合作，中世纪社会由僧人、贵族和农奴组成。

During the Middle Ages, everybody was middle-aged. Church and state were co-operatic. Middle Evil

society was made up of monks, lords and surfs.

在商业慢 慢渗透进欧洲后，商人出现了。他们从一个镇游荡到另一个镇，暴露自己，并在乡村组织大型集

< br>会。中世纪的人很凶暴，杀人算不了什么，每个人都杀过人。

After a revival of infantile commerce slowly creeped into Europe merchants appeared. They roamed from

town to town exposing

themselves and organizing big fairies in the countryside. Mideval people were violent. Murder during this

period was nothing.

Everybody killed someone.

英国为了争地，在法国打了很多仗，结果有赢有输。十字军是一系列由基督徒组织的军事征战 ，目的是从

伊斯兰教徒那里将圣地（也就是基督的老家）解放出来。

England fought numerously for land in France and ended up winning and losing. The Crusades were a

series of military expaditions made by Christians seeking to free the holy land (the

from the Islams.

最终，欧洲得了黑死病。这种淋巴腺鼠疫是一 种社会疾病，因为它通过性交及其他方式来传播，由带菌的

老鼠从一个港口传到另一个港 口。这场瘟疫还催生了英语，使之成为英国、法国和意大利的官方语言。

Finally, Europe caught the Black Death. The bubonic plague is a social disease in the sense that it can

be transmitted by

intercourse and other etceteras. It was spread from port to port by inflected rats. The plague also helped

the emergance of the

English language as the national language of England, France and Italy.

中世纪戛然而止，文艺复兴如晴天霹雳而降。生活充满了欢乐，意大利茁壮成长，更多的 人感受到他们人

类的价值。

The Middle Ages slimpared to a halt. The renasence bolted in from the blue. Life reeked with joy. Italy

became robust, and more

individuals felt the value of their human being.

人下决心使自己和他的兄弟们文明 起来，即便那意味着人头落地！受教育变得时髦，欧洲建满了令人难以

置信的教堂，伟大 艺术从那里喷薄而出，文艺复兴的商人非常美丽，而且很像是人。

Man was determined to civilise himself and his brothers, even if heads had to roll! It became sheik to be

educated. Europe was

full of incredable churches with great art bulging out their doors. Renaissance merchants were beautiful

and almost lifelike.

当德国贵族反感头衔全归于法国教会以及 教皇，

从而养肥了天主教，

改革运动由此兴起。

怒火中烧的马丁

·

路

德把

95

个神学人员钉到教堂门上。

在神学方面 ，

路德从事转向变异。

加尔文主义是自古以来最方便的宗教。< /p>

The Reformation happened when German nobles resented the idea that tithes were going to Papal

France or the Pope thus enriching Catholic coiffures. An angry Martin Luther nailed 95 theocrats to a

church door. Theologically, Luthar was into reorientation mutation. Calvinism was the most convenient

religion since the days of the ancients.

当然，教皇依然是天主教。僧人把自己看 成蠕虫。最后一个耶稣会会士死于

19

世纪。

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