-
标准文档
一．中古英语时期
?
Beowulf
is
the oldest
poem
in the English language, and the
most
important
specimen
(
范例、典范
)of
Anglo-Saxon
literature,
and
also
the
oldest surviving epic in the English language.
?
The
romance
is a popular literary form in
the medieval
period
（中
世纪）
.
It
uses
verse
or
prose
to
sing
knightly
adventures
or
other
heroic deeds.
?
Geoffrey
Chaucer,
one
of
the
greatest
English
poets,
whose
masterpiece,
The Canterbury Tales
（
《坎特伯雷故事集》
）
,
was one of
the
most
important
influences
on
the
development
of
English
literature.
?
Chaucer
is
considered
as
the
father
of
English
poetry
and
the
founder
of English realism.
二．文艺复兴
Renaissance
?
Renaissance
refers
to
the
period
between
the
14th
and
mid-17th
centuries. It marks a
transition(
过渡
) from the
medieval to the
modern world.
?
It started in
Italy with the flowering of painting,
sculpture
（雕
塑）
and
literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe.
?
Humanism is the
essence of Renaissance
-----Man is the
measure of
all things.
?
This
was
England
’
s
Golden
Age
in
literature.
Queen
Elizabeth
reigned
over the country in this period. The
real mainstream of the English
Renaissance
is
the
Elizabethan
drama
.
The
most
famous
dramatists
in
the
Renaissance
England
are
Christopher
Marlowe
and
William
Shakespeare.
?
The
greatest
of
the
pioneers
of
English
drama
was
Christopher
Marlowe.
?
Francis Bacon
was the best known essayist of this period.
“
Of
Studies
”
is the
most popular of Bacon
’
s 58
essays.
?
Thomas
More
——
Utopia
?
Edmund
Spenser
——
The Faerie Queene
相关练习
?
1. Which is the oldest poem in the
English language?
?
A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene
?
C.
Beowulf D. Hamlet
?
2. _____ is the father of English
poetry.
?
A.
Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare
?
C. Francis
Bacon
D
. Geoffrey Chaucer
?
3.
____
is
not
a
playwright
during
the
Renaissance
period
on
England.
?
A. William
Shakespeare
B.
Geoffrey Chaucer
?
C. Christopher
Marlowe D. Ben Johnson
文案大全
标准文档
三．莎士比亚
William Shakespeare
?
“
All
the
world
's
a
stage,
and
all
the
men
and
women
merely
players.
”
——
William Shakespeare
?
William Shakespeare is considered the
greatest playwright in the
world and
the finest poet who has written in the English
language.
Shakespeare
understood
people
more
than
any
other
writers.
He
could
create
characters
that
have
meaning
beyond
the
time
and
place
of
his
plays. His four
tragedies are
Hamlet(
《哈姆雷特》
),
Othello(
《奥
赛罗》
),
King Lear(
《李尔王》
) and
Macbeth(
《麦克白》
).
?
Shakespeare
’
s
sonnets
,
154
in
number,
are
the
only
direct
expression
of the
poet
’
s own feelings;
Sonnet 18
deserves its fame
because it
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
is
one
of
the
most
beautifully
written
verses
in
the
English
language
诗选
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a
Summer
’
s day?
Thou art more lovely and more
temperate.
Rough winds do shake the
darling buds of May,
And
Summer
’
s lease hath all too
short a date.
（我怎能将你与夏日相比
?
/
你比它更温和可爱：
/
动人的花蕾在五月咆哮
的风中颤抖，
/
夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：
）
Sometime too
hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often
is his gold complexion
dimm
’
d;
And every
fair from fair sometime declines,
By
chance, or nature
’
s changing
course, untrimm
’
d;
（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，
/
却常
常以灰暗的面貌出现；
/
再美貌的物什
都逃不过凋谢，
/
命运流转或无意间将其拆解；
）
But thy eternal
Summer shall not fade,
Nor lose
possession of that fair thou
ow
’
st
Nor shall
Death brag thou wander
’
st in
his shade,
When in eternal line to time
thou grow
’
st.
So
long as men can breath or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life
to thee.
（可你如夏日般不会褪色
,
/
你的美貌也将永存
; /
死神无法夸
耀你曾在它
的阴影中游荡
,
/
伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。
/
只要人类生生不
息
我的诗句
能被见证
,
/
你就会在传承中得到永生！
）
相关练习
1.
Shakespeare
’
s
greatest
tragedies
are
the
following
works
except
____.
A. Hamlet B. King
Lear
C.
Romeo and Juliet
D. Othello
2. The Essence of
Renaissance, the most significant intellectual
movement, was_____.
A.
Geographical exploration B. Religious
reformation
C. Publishing and
translation
D.
Humanism.
?
?
?
?
?
?
文案大全
标准文档
?
3. In
“
Sonnet
18
”
,
Shakespeare_________________.
?
A.
Meditate on the destructive power of time and
eternal beauty by
poetry.
?
B.
Satirize(
讽刺
)
human
’
s vanity.
?
C.
Predict(
预测
) the eternity of
love.
?
D.
Eulogize(
颂扬
) the power of
the beauty.
?
4.
Which of the following statement best illustrates
the theme of
Shakespeare
’
s
Sonnet 18?
?
A.
The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.
?
B. The speaker
satirizes human vanity.
?
C.
The speaker praises the
power of artistic creation.
?
D. The speaker
meditates on man
’
s
salvation.
?
5.
The Renaissance refers to between 14th-mid-17th
century, which
was under the reign of
Queen ___and absolute monarchy in England
reached its summit, and in which the
’
real mainstream (
真正的文
学主流
)
’
was ____.
?
A. Victoria/poetry
?
B
.
Elizabeth/ drama
?
C. Mary/ novel
?
D. James/ drama
?
6. _____, the first of the great
tragedies, is generally regarded
as
Shakespeare
’
s most popular
play on the stage, for it has the
qualities
of
a
“
blood-and-
thunder
”
thriller
and
a
’
philosophical
exploration
’
of
life and death.
?
A. The Merchant of Venice
B
. Hamlet
?
C. King Lear
D. The Winter
’
s Tale
四．
< br>18
世纪英国文学
?
The
18th-century
England
is
known
as
the
Age
of
Enlightenment
or
the
Age of Reason.
?
17th century
writer
John Milton
ranks as
one of the greatest poets
in
the
history
of
English
literature.
His
masterpiece
Paradise
Lost
(
失乐园
)was
published in 1667. Later another epic poem
Paradise
Regained(
复乐园
),
sequel to Paradise Lost, was published with the
poetic drama
Samson
Agonistes
(
力士参孙
).
?
The mid-18th
century
was, however, predominated by a
newly rising
literary form,
the modern English novel
,
which, contrary to the
traditional
romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic
presentation
of life of the common
English people.
?
Daniel Defoe
is considered
to be
the father of the English novel.
His
masterpiece
is
Robinson
Crusoe.
It
is
considered
to
be
the
first
English novel
?
Jonathan
Swift
is
generally
considered
the
greatest
prose
satirist(
讽刺散文家
)
in
English
literature.
His
language
is
simple,
文案大全
标准文档
clear
and
vigorous.
He
once
asserted:
“
Proper
words
in
proper
place,
makes the true definition of a
style.
”
他曾把文字风格定义
成“恰
到好处的词语用在恰到好处的地方”
?
There
are
no
ornaments
in
his
writings.
In
simple,
direct
and
precise
prose, Swift is almost unsurpassed in
English literature.
?
Gulliver's Travels
, Jonathan
Swift's best fictional work
, contains
four parts, each about one particular
voyage during which Gulliver
has
extraordinary adventures on some remote island
after he has met
with shipwreck or
piracy or some other misfortune.
?
相关练习
?
1. In which of
the following works can you find the proper names
”
?
A.
The Pilgrim
’
s Progress B.
The Farrie Queene
C.
Gulliver
’
s Travels
D. The School of Scandal
2. ______is a
typical feature of Swift
’
s
writings.
A. Elegant style B. Causal
narration
C
. Bitter satire
D. Complicated sentence structure
3.
The
Houyhnhnms
depicted
by
Jonathan
Swift
in
Gulliver
’
s
Travels
are________.
A
. horses that are endowed
with reason.
B. pigmies that are
endowed with admirable qualities
C.
giants that are superior in wisdom.
D.
Hairy,
wild,
low
and
despicable
creatures,
who
resemble
human
beings
not only in
appearance but also in some other ways.
五．浪漫主义诗歌
?
（一）先驱：
Robert Burns
罗伯特·彭斯
，
William Blake
威廉·布莱
克
?
Robert
Burns
is
a
national
poet
of
Scotland
,
a
poet
of
peasants,
his
poems are written in Scottish dialect.
A Red, Red Rose
(
《
红红的玫
瑰》
) and
Auld
lang Syne
are his most
popular poems.
?
To see a world in a grain of sand, /And
a heaven in a wild flower,
/Hold
infinity in the palm of your hand, /And eternity
in an hour.
——
William
Blake
一花一世界，
一沙一天国，
君掌盛无边，
刹那含永劫。
?
?
（二）代表诗人：
?
1.
Escapist
romanticists
/
Lake
Poets(
湖
畔
派
诗
人
)
(William
Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
Robert Southey)
?
2.
active
romanticists
/demonic
group/
Satanic
school
(
撒
< br>旦
派
)
(George
Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John
Keats)
?
English
Romanticism
is
generally
said
to
have
began
in
1798
with
the
publication
of
Wordsworth
&
Cole
ridge
’
s
Lyrical
Ballads
and
to
have
ended in
1832
with Sir Walter
Scott
’
s death.
?
William
Wordsworth
started
with
Samuel
Taylor
Coleridge
the
English
文案大全
标准文档
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Romantic
movement with their collection
Lyrical
Ballads
in 1798
.
Lyrical
Ballads
《抒情歌谣集》
followed
by
“
The
Preface
to
the
Lyrical
Ballads
”—
served
as
the
manifesto
（宣言）
of
the English Romantic
Movement in poetry.
“
All good poetry is the
spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
that takes its origin from emotion
recollected in
tranquility.
”
——
William
Wordsworth
（
诗是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积
累的情感。<
/p>
）
相关练习
1. The Romantic Movement expressed a
more or less______ attitude
toward the
existing social and political conditions.
A. positive
B.
negative
C.
neutral
D. indifferent
2.
For the Romantics, ____is not only the major
source of poetic
imagery, but also
provides the dominant subject matter.
A.
love
B.
man
C
.
nature
D.
death
3.
In
the
Romantic
period,
____is
the
most
prosperous
literary
form.
A.
prose
B
.
poetry
C.
fiction
D.
play
4.
Romanticism
is
a
period
of
British
literature
roughly
dated
from__.
A.1660-----1798
B.1798----
1832
C.1483-----1546
D.1836-----1901
5.
The
two
major
novelists
of
the
English
Romantic
Period
are
_____and
Walter Scott.
A. Washington Irving
B
. Jane Austen
C.
Herman Melville D. Charles Dickens
m Wordsworth, a romantic poet,
advocated all the following
EXCEPT ___.
A. the use of everyday
language spoken by the common people
B.
the
expression
of
the
spontaneous
overflow
of
powerful
feelings
C. the
use of humble and rustic life as subject matter
D.
the use of
elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
7. The publication of
“
_______
”
marked the
beginning of Romantic
Age.
A. Don Juan B. The
Rime of the Ancient Mariner
C
. The Lyrical Ballads
D. Queen Mab
8. The
major representatives of the poetic revolution in
English
Romantic period were Samuel
Taylor Coleridge and____.
A. William
Blake
B.
William
Wordsworth
C. John Keats D.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
诗选
I Wandered
Lonely as a Cloud
——
William
Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud
文案大全
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：英美文化考试重点
下一篇：AE层模式、AE层模式详解及AE层模式类型