-
最
全
面
英
< br>国
文
学
史
知
识
点
总
结
精品文档
英国文学史
I. Old English Literature & The Late
Medieval Ages
贝奥武夫
:the national
epic of the Anglo-Saxons
Epic: long narrative poems that record the
adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in
vast landscapes. The style of epic is
grand and elevated.
Artistic features:
1. Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a
rhetorical device, meaning some words in a
sentence begin with the
same consonant
sound
（头韵）
Some
examples on P5
2. Using
metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement:
expressing something in a controlled way
Understatement is a
typical way for
Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer
杰弗里
·乔叟
1340~1400
(
首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿
（
John Dryden
）称其为
“
英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
The father of English poetry.
writing style:
wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
坎特伯雷故事集：
first time to use
‘
heroic couplet
’<
/p>
(
双韵体
) by middle
English
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
②
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③
声誉之宫
Medieval Ages
’
popular Literary form:
Romance(
传奇故事
)
Famous
three
：
King Arthur
Sir Gawain
and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II
The Renaissance Period
A period of drama and
poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real
mainstream of the English
Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity,
spirit, or time of the great revival of art,
literature, and learning in
Europe
beginning in the 14th century and extending to the
17th century, marking the transition
from the medieval to the modern world.
Three historical events of
the Renaissance
–
rebirth or
revival:
1. new
discoveries in geography and astrology
2. the religious reformation and
economic expansion
3.
rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous
dramatists
:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
1.
Edmund Spen
ser
埃德蒙·斯宾塞
1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）
The
poets
’
poet. The first to be
buried in the Poet
’
s corner
of
Westerminster Abbey
①
仙后
(for Queen
Elizabeth)
The theme is not “Arms and the man”,
but something more romantic “Fierce wars and
faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian
Stanza
Definition of
Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines
ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic
pentameter, and last line in iambic
hexameter.
②
牧人日历
The theme is to lament
over the loss of Rosalind.
③
爱情小唱
?
2.
Thomas? More
托马斯
?<
/p>
莫尔
1478~1535
One of the greatest
English humanists
①
<
br>
乌托邦
3.
Francis? Bacon
弗兰西斯·培根
1561~1626
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代
唯
物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the
foundation for modern science. The first English
essayist.?
Writing
style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-
arranging and enriching by Biblical
allusions, metaphors and philosophy to
man’s reason.
①
学术的推进
<
/p>
②
随笔
(famous quotas:
The theme of Of Studies: uses and
benefits of study and different ways adopted by
different
people to pursue studies.
4.
Ben Jonson
①
②
狐狸
5.
Christopher?
Marlowe
柯里斯托弗·马洛
1564~1595
“University
Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in
unrhymed iambic pentameter.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
①
浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写
成）
②
帖木耳大帝
?
③
马耳他的犹太人
6.
William Shakespeare
威廉·莎士比亚
1564~1616?
①
Historical
plays: Henry VI Henry IV : Richard III Henry V
；
Richard
II
；
Henry VIII
②
Four
Comedies
四大喜剧
:
皆大欢喜
;
第十二夜
;
Three quatrain and
one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric
consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic
pentameter restricted to a
Dramatic poem: < Samson
Agonistes>
This sonnet is written in
iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde,
typical of Italian
Its theme is
that people use their talent for God, and they
serve him best sho can endure the
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的
百科全书”，是英国文学史上
里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》
并列为世界三大宗教题材文
)
：（用语）
the diction is
simple, the imagery is from the actual,
(
形式
)the form is
frequently an argument with the
poet
’
s beloved, with god, or
with himself.
（主题：
love,
religious, thought
）
Artistic features:
1. conceits or
imagery
奇思妙喻
2.
syllogism
三段论
①
Meditations
沉思录
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
The Flea
虱子
②
Songs And
Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③
Valediction:
IV The 18th Century
A
revival of interest in the old classical works,
order, logic, restrained
emotion(
抑制情感
) and
accuracy
The Age
of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a
furtherance of the Renaissance of the
15th and 16th centries, a progressive
intellectual movement, reason(rationality),
equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：
In the mid-century, the
newly literary form, modern English novel
rised(realistic
novel
现实主
义小说
)
Gothic novel(
哥特式
小说
)
：
mystery,
horror, castles(from middle part to the end of
century)
1.
Alexander?
Pope
亚历山大·蒲柏
1688~1744
（
18
世纪
英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”
/
“
heroic couplets
”。词句工整、精
练、富有哲理性。）
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
One of the
first to introduce rationalism to England.
①
批评论
Artistic features:
“heroic
couplets”
②
卷发遇劫记
③
道德论
人论
愚人记
2.
Samuel Johnson
塞缪尔约翰逊
1709~17
84
①
1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家
a master
satirist
。）
①
’
s
Travels>
格列佛游记
(fictional
work)
Four parts:
Lilliput
小人国
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Brobdingnag
大人国
Flying Island
飞岛
Houyhnhnm
马岛
小说家，新
闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He is the first writer study of the
lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy,
colloquial and
mostly vernacular, and
he is the founder of realistic novel.
It praise the fortitude of the human
labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless
youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by
numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story,
Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets
shipwrecked and marooned
on a lonely
island, struggles to live for 24-years there and
finally gets relieved and returns to
史诗
), and the first to give the
modern novel its structure and style.
①
novels:
弃婴汤姆·琼斯
约瑟夫·安德鲁
大诗人江奈生·威尔德
爱米利亚
②
plays:
一七三六年历史记事
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
堂吉柯德在英国
6.
Oliver Goldsm
ith
奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯
1730~1774
①
poems:
旅游人
荒村
②
novel:
威克菲尔德牧师传
7.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
理查
德·布林斯利·施莱登
1751~1816
①
情敌
②
造谣学校
8.
William Blake
威廉·布莱克
1757~1827
①
天真之歌
A happy and innocent
world from children’s eye.
②
经验之歌
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
A
word of misery, poverty, disease, war and
repression with a melancholy tone from men
eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol
of peace and purity
Tyger
is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.
Robert Burns
罗伯特·彭斯
1759~1796<
/p>
The greatest
Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the
Scottish Dialect
主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
约翰·安德生，我的爱人
②
The romantic
period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth
and Coleridge’s
Ballads>, and
end in 1832 with Sir
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of
each individual
人应该是独立自由
的个体
)
In it, emotion over
reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the
outer world of social
civilization to
the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should
be free from all rules,
imagination,
nature, commonplace.
Two
major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane
Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott
(romantic).
“
The Lake
Poets
”湖畔诗人
，
who
lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor
Coleridge; Robert Southey
1.
William
Wordsworth
威廉·华兹华斯
1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
The
Lake Poets
）
①
抒情歌谣集
(with Samuel
Taylor Coleridge)
②
Theme: embodies
human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is
nature that give
him “strength and
knowledge fullof peace”
is bliss to recolled the
beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in
solitude.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
精品文档
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling
the beautiful sights. In the poem on the
beauty of nature, the reader is
presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely
daffodils(
水仙
) and
poet
’
s
philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③
Lines Composed
A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④
The Solitary
Reaper
孤独的割麦女
②
序曲
2.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治
1772~1834
The
Lake Poets
①
古舟子颂
②
柯里斯塔贝尔
③
忽必烈汗
Artistic features: mysticism, demonism
with strong imagination, a strange territory
④
半夜冰霜
⑤
忧郁颂
⑥
抒情歌谣集
(with William
Wordsworth)
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
