英国文学复习整理 名词解释

英国文学复习整理

3

名词解释

1

，

Dramatic Monologue

戏剧独白

a poem delivered in a dramatic manner by a single persona speaker

who is not identified

with the

poet usually

to

achieve

an ironical

effect.

2, Aestheticism

美学主义（唯美主义）

Aestheticism

(also the Aesthetic Movement) is an intellectual and

art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than

social- political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.

The Pygmalion Effect

皮格马利翁效应

The Pygmalion Effect is that people tend to behave as you expect they

will. If you expect a person to take responsibility, they probably will.

If you expect them not to even try, they probably won’t.

Mordenism

Ageneral

term

applied

to

the

experimental

and

avant-grade

trends

in

literatureand other arts of the early 20

th

century.

Discontinuity and fragmentation

Juxtaposition (

并列

) and multiple points of view

（多重视角）

Lack of a unitary self

Modernism Literature (1918~45)

In

the

second

half

of

the

19th

century

and

the

early

decades

of

the

20th

century,

both

natural

and

social

sciences

in

Europe

had

enormously advanced. The two world wars destroyed people’s faith in

the Victorian values and gave rise to all kinds of philosophical ideas

in

Western

Europe.

Modernism

become

the

mainstream

literature

during

that

period.

Drama

is

the

most

famous

form

in

modernism.

And dramatic monologue was famous at that period. Oscar Wilde and

George Bernard Shaw pioneered the modern drama. Oscar Wilde is be

well

known

for

his master

work--The

Importance

of

Being Earnest.

George

Bernard

Shaw's

works

are

examples of

the play

inspired

by

social

criticism.

His

master

work

is

Widower’s

Houses.

Furthermore,David Herbert

Lawrence

was

a

great

writer during

this

period, too. His master work, Sons and Lovers, is famous all over the

world.

Modernist fiction

crisis

attempts

to

represent

the

underlying

truths

of

consciousness

&

psyche(

心智

)

rejection

of

external,

unitary,

coherent

appearance

of

realist

conventions

lack of causality(

因果性

)

insufficiency of language

oppositional

relations

between

the

individual

and

the

social,

alienation

first person narrator, often unreliable

A sense of urban dislocation and alienation

works by male writers tend to be misogynistic

（厌恶女人的人）

Colonialism

one

country

’

s

domination

of

another

country

or

people

—

usually

achieved through aggressive, often military actions

，

and the territory

acquired in this manner.

Post-colonial theory

is

a

multicultural

theory

which

mainly

studies

relations

of

cultural

discourse

power

between

the

colonist

and

the

colonized

as

well

as

racism (

种族主义

), cultural imperialism

（文化帝国主义）

, national

culture and culture power identity after colonial period

Representatives

后殖民理论的“圣三位一体”

Edward Said(

萨义德

)

Gayatri C. Spivak(

斯皮瓦克

)