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分析《芭芭拉少校》中芭芭拉与安德谢夫的冲突

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2021-03-04 00:19
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2021年3月4日发(作者:狮鹫)




ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN


UNDERSHAFT AND MAJOR BARBARA IN


MAJOR BARBARA







BY



LAN YILONG


SUPERVISOR: YANG XIUWEN






A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR


THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH



COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES


SHENYANG LIGONG UNIVERSITY




JUNE 2013





Abstract



George


Bernard


Shaw,


born


in


Ireland,


is


an


outstanding


realistic


dramatist,


literary


critic,


and


social


spokesman.


As


the


representative


of


the


British


theater


in


the


twentieth


century,


he


is


generally


recognized as a playwright


who possesses the


life-long artistic career


in the history of British literature.



M


ajor


Barbara



(1905)


is


the


one


of


the


most


powerful


dramas.








Major


Barbara



reveals


and


attacks


ruthlessly


the


social


evils


under


the


bourgeois


system


mainly


through


the


conflicts


between


the


protagonists


Barbara


(holds


the


post


of


Major


in


the


Salvation


Army)


and


her


father


Undershaft


(a


millionaire


and


an


arms


dealer,


attaining


his


end


by


hook


and


crook).


Barbara


had


to


compromise


with


her


father


on


her


principles, her beliefs and ideals eventually.








This paper consists of


three parts.


The


first part


is the


introduction


to


George


Bernard


Shaw and the


novel.


The second part


is the analysis of



the conflicts between Undershaft and


Major


Barbara,


which are all showed


from


their attitudes


towards religion,


money,


ideal and


reality.


The


last


part


is


the


conclusion.


Major


Barbara,


the


image


set


up


by


George


Bernard


Shaw in the cruel reality is just the reflection of our modern people. We should persist in what


we



re pursuing and never change life principles with pure nature.



Key W


ords:


Religion; Money; Ideal and Reality; Conflict



ii









乔治·萧伯纳是爱尔兰出生的杰出的现实主义戏剧家,


文学评论家和社会主义活动


家。作为二十世纪英国戏剧的代表人物


,


被公认为英国文学史上艺术生命最为长久的剧

作家。


《巴巴拉少校》是他的最有影响力的戏剧之一。




《巴巴拉少校》


主要通过主人公在救 世军中担任少校之职的芭芭拉和她那为达目的


不择手段的父亲—百万富翁、


军火商安德鲁·安德谢夫的冲突,


无情地揭露和抨击了资

本主义制度下的种种社会罪恶。


芭芭拉不得不对自己原则做出让步,


对自己的信仰与理


想做出无奈的妥协。



本论文由三部分组成。


第一部分为作者乔治·萧伯纳与小说的介绍。


第二部分是对


安德谢夫和芭芭拉之间在宗教、金钱、理想与现实方面存在 分歧,而产生冲突的分析。


其冲突主要通过他们对宗教、金钱、理想与现实方面的态度所 展现出来。第三部分是全


文的结论部分。


乔治·萧伯纳所塑造的 残酷社会现实下的人物形象芭芭拉


正是


现实社会


的现代人的反映。我们应该坚持我们的追求,不要改变我们的纯洁天性的生活原则。



关键词:


宗教;金钱;理想与 现实;冲突



iii




Contents


I. Introduction


.......................... .................................................. ........................................


1



A. Introduction to the author: George Bernard Shaw ............... .......................................


1


B. Brief introduction to Major Barbara


.


............. .................................................. ............


2


II. Analysis of the conflicts between Undershaft and Barbara in


Major Barbara



.


.........


4


A. Their different views on religion


.


............................. .................................................. .


4


1. Undershaft’s views o


n religion


................ .................................................. ...............


4


2.


Major Barbara’s views o


n religion ......................................... ..................................


5



B. Their different views on money


................................. .................................................. .


6


1.


Undershaft’s views


on money. .................................................. ................................


6


2. Major


Barbara’s


views on money


.......................................... ...................................


8


C. Their different views on ideal and reality


.


................... ................................................


9


1.


Undershaft’s


views on ideal and reality


.


............... .................................................. ..


9


2. Major


Barbara’s


views on ideal and reality


............................... .............................


10


III. Conclusion........................ .................................................. ........................................


12


Bibliography


.


....................................... .................................................. ...........................


14





沈阳理工大学英语辅修专业毕业论文



I. Introduction


A. Introduction to the author: George Bernard Shaw


In


1856


George


Bernard


Shaw


was


born


in


Dublin,


Ireland.


Just


before


Shaw



s


sixteenth


birthday


,


his


mother


left


home


and


followed


her


voice


teacher


to


London.


In


1876


Shaw joined his mother



s London household. In 1898 he married Charlotte Payne-Townshend,


an Irish heiress and fellow Fabian. In 1906 the Shaw moved into a house in a small Village in


Hertfordshire.


He


died


in


1950


at


the


age


of


94


as


the


result


of


injuries


incurred


by


falling


while he was pruning trees.


Shaw


started


working


on


his


first


play


,


Widower



s


Houses,


in


1885


in


collaboration


with critic


William


Archer.


His


first significant


financial


success as a playwright came


from


Richard


Mansfield



s


American


production


of


The


Devil



s


Disciple


.


The


humor


in


Shaw



s


writing


was


unmatched


by


any


of


his


contemporaries


excepting


Oscar


Wilde,


and


he


is


remembered


for


his


comedy


.


As


his


experience


and


popularity


increased,


his


plays


became


increasingly verbose, which did not detract from their success. These works, from what might


be


called


the


beginning


of


his



middle




period,


include


Caesar


and


Cleopatra


,


Man


and


Superman


,


Major


Barbara



and


The


Doctor



s


Dilemma


.


From


1904


to


1912,


Shaw


was


s


well-established playwright. In 1923 Shaw completed


Saint Joan


, one of


his best plays.


The


Apple Cart


was probably


his


most popular work of this


era.


Later


full-length plays


like


Too


True to Be Good


,


On the


Rocks


,


The Millionaires


, and


Geneva


have been seen as


marking a


decline. His last full-length work was


Buoyant Billions


, written when he was in his nineties.


Shaw



s plays were first performed in the 1890s. By the end of the decade he was able to




1


沈阳理工大学英语辅修专业毕业论文



earn a living as a playwright. He wrote more than sixty plays and his output as novelist, critic,


pamphleteer, essayist and private correspondent was prodigious. He


is known to


have written


more than 250000 letters. He is the only person to have been awarded both a Nobel Prize and


an Oscar.


B. Brief introduction to Major Barbara


Major Barbara



is among Shaw



s three


most powerful dramas.


Major


Barbara


reveals


ruthlessly the social evils under the bourgeois system mainly through the conflict between the


two protagonists Barbara and her father Undershaft.



Major Barbara


is a three-act play


.



The


first


Act


is


set


in


the


fashionable


town


house


where


Lady


Britomart


Undershaft


lives with


her


son and two daughters, and


its substance


is a


family


reunion. Finally


Barbara


and


her


father


make


their


bargain:


to


visit


each


other



s


place


of


work


and


take


a


chance


of


being converted to the other



s view.


Act


II


happens at the West Ham Shelter the


next day


, before Undershaft



s arrival.


Bill


Walker arrives in search of his girlfriend who has joined the Army. After Undershaft enters, he


offers


to add a small contribution to the Army, but


Barbara accepts the tainted


money


made


from his murderous business. In the end, Udershaft writes out a cheque for 5000 pounds and it


is accepted by Mrs.


Baines with rejoicing, which


has released Bill


from


his awe of a superior


moral standard.


Act III


is divided


into two parts by a change of setting.


The


first part again takes place


in


the


library


at


Wilton


Crescent,


where


Lady


Britomart,


her


children


and


Charles


Lomax




2


沈阳理工大学英语辅修专业毕业论文



gather before setting off


for


the


munitions


works.


Barbara


is


no


longer


wearing


her


uniform.


The


second


part


of


the


Act


is


set


on


a


slope


overlooking


the


town,


a


place


where


the


explosives


are


tested.


Lastly


,


Barbara


agrees


with


this


decision,


as


her


father


has


shown


her


the true nature of the world where her work needs to be done.




3


沈阳理工大学英语辅修专业毕业论文



II.


Analysis


of


the


conflicts


between


Undershaft


and


Barbara


in


Major Barbara


A. Their different views on religion



1. Undershaft’s views o


n religion



Undershaft is the father of Barbara who is an arms dealer. Then many people look down


upon what he does, but he doesn



t care, he is always greedy and shameless.


With respect to


his religion,


his wife


lady Britomart thought that


he really


had a sort of


religion


of


wrongness.


His


motto


is



Unashamed




(Shaw


20).


In


Act


II,


what


he


talks


with


Barbara directly expresses his religion.


Barbara:



Sorry


,


I



m


sure.


By


the


way


,


papa,


what


is


your


religion




in


case


I


have to introduce you again?




Undershaft:



My religion? Well, my dear, I am a Millionaire. That is my religion.



Besides, what he talks with Cusins also expresses his religion.




Cusins:



have you any religion?






Undershaft:



Y


es.




Cusins:



Anything out of common?




Undershaft:



Only that there are two things necessary to Salvation.




Cusins: [disappointed, but polite]



Ah, the Church Catechism. Charles Lomax also


belongs to the Established Church.




Undershaft:



The two things are





Cusins:



Baptism and







4


沈阳理工大学英语辅修专业毕业论文



Undesrshaft:



No. Money and gunpowder.



(140)


Though


there


is a room


for


honor, justice, truth,


love,


mercy and so


forth


in


his


mind,


which is deeply rooted in rich, strong, and safe life. Meanwhile, he has his unique thought for


nation and


government;


he believes that


he


is


nation and


government. For


instance,


he often


says to his son Stephen



I am


the


government of


your country


.



(270)


He holds the


view that


he is the ruler of the country and a country is just a machine which serve capitalist.


The ballot


paper that really


governs


is


the paper that has a bullet wrapped up


in


it. Finally,


when Cusins


said that


he


never took part


in


votes.


Undershaft, a capitalist, talked about


his really


views on


votes



V


ote! Bah! When you vote, you only change the names of the cabinet. When you shoot,


you pull down governments, inaugurate new epochs, abolish old orders and set up new.


Is that


historically


true,


Mr.


Learned


Man,


or


is


it


not?




(344)


In


a


word,


Undershaft



s


views


on


religion


are


complete


distrust


of


government


and


religion,


and


his


words


or


actions


are


contrary to religion all along.


2.


Major Barbara’s views o


n religion


Barbara


is


a


young


devout


Christian


woman,


who


is


the


major


of


S


alvation


A


rmy


.


Barbara holds the view that religion is the foundation of the society in which all the people are


the daughters of God.


In Act II, the talk between Undershaft and Cusins reflects Barbara



s views on religion.


Cusins:



That


doesn



t


matter.


The


power


Barbara


wield


here




the


power


that


wields


Barbara


herself




is


not


Calvinism,


not


Presbyterianism,


not


Methodism







5

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