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清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案

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2021-03-04 00:23
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2021年3月4日发(作者:winehouse)


清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案



清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案



Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)(略)Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)



Directions:


There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four


choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and


then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through


the


center.21.


The__________of


the


spring


water


attracts


a


lot


of


visitors


from


other


parts of the country.A. clash













B. clarify












C. clarity












D. clatter22. Business in this area has


been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperous






B. secretive








C. slack








D. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a


sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plight








B.


polarization





C. plague








D. pigment24. He added a__________to


his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidency






B.


prestige






C.


postscript





D.


preliminary25.


Some


linguists


believe


that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A.


optimistic






B.


optional







C.


optimal






D.


oppressed26.


It all started in


1950,


when people


began to build their houses on the__________of


their cities.A. paradises









B. omissions





C. orchards






D.


outskirts27.


The


meeting


was__________over


by


the


mayor


of


the


city.A.


presumed






B. proposed






C. presented









D. presided28. The


crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrew










B. overthrew





C. overpassed





D. overflew29. It was clear that the


storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retarded







B. retired








C. refrained






D. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for


it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedence





B. prosperity






C. presumption





D. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed


that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrent







B. transient







C. tensile








D. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with


this__________idea about the trip.A. weary








B. twilight






C.


unanimous






D. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly


without any protection.A. wink









B. withhold






C. wither








D. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start


next week according to their academic performance.A. segregation





B.


specification








C. spectrum







D. subscription35.


He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening. A. repealed







B. resented










C. relayed







D. reproached36. Any


earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a


__________event.A. cholesterol





B. charcoal










C.


catastrophic








D. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the


two__________to tie the box.A. segments









B. sediments









C. seizures










D. secretes38. All the music instruments in the


orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilized







B. chattered










C. chambered





D. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to


occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commenced





B.


compressed








C.


compromised




D.


compensated40.


She


made


two


copies


of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationally






B. simultaneously






C. strenuously






D. simplyPart Ⅲ



Reading


Comprehension (40%)


Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each


passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them


there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice


and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer ons 41 to 45 are


based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink


ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison.


Finding


safe


drinking


water


in


that


country


can


be


a


problem.


However,


International


Development


Enterprises has a low-cost


answer.


This non- governmental organization


has developed technology to harvest around the world have been


harvesting


rainwater


for


centuries.


It


is


a


safe,


dependable


source


of


drinking


water.


Unlike


ground


water,


rainwater


contains


no


minerals


or


salts


and


is


free


of


chemical


treatments. Best of all, it is rainwater harvesting system created by


International


Development


Enterprises


uses


pipes


to


collect


water


from


the


tops


of


buildings.


The


pipes


stretch


from


the


tops


of


buildings


to


a


two-meter


tall


storage


tank


made


of


metal.


At


the


top


of


the


tank


is


a


so-call


ed

< p>
“first


-


flush”device


made


of


wire


screen.


This


barrier


prevents


dirt


and


leaves


in


the


water


from


falling


inside


the


tank.A


fitted


cover


sits


over


the


“first


-


flush”


device.


It


protects


the


water


inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from


laying eggs in the the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects


the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold


grains.


The


two


bags


are


supported


inside


the


metal


tank.


All


total,


the


water


storage


system can hold up to three-thousand- five-hundred liters of water. International


Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to


three


years.


However,


if


the


bags


are


not


damaged


by


sunlight,


they


could


last


even


ational Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system


should


be


built


on


a


raised


structure


to


prevent


insects


from


eating


into


it


at


the


bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty


dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop


over


time.


The


group


says


one


tank


can


provide


a


family


of


five


with


enough


rainwater


to survive a five- month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a


safe source of drinking water.A. ground water





B. rainwater






C.


drinking


water






D.


fresh


water42.


Which


of


the


following


contributes


to


the


low-cost


of


using


rainwater?


A.


Rainwater


is


free


of


chemical


treatments.B.


People


have


been


harvesting


rainwater


for


centuries.C.


The


water


harvesting


system


is


built


on


a


platform.D.


Rainwater


can


be


collected


using


pipes.43.


Which


of


the


following


actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrier







B.


a


wire


screen





C.


a


first-flush










D.


a


storage


tank44.


The


bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insects








B. a fitted cover





C. a first-flush device




D. sunlight45. What should


be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the


bottom?A.


The


two


bags


holding


the


water


should


be


put


inside


the


metal


tank.B.


The


inner


bags


need


to


be


replaced


every


two


years.C.


The


water


harvesting


system


should


be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating


ons 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child


development


has


been


left


out,


or


not


sufficiently


experienced,


the


child


may


have


to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for


example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or


toy


railway


train


up


to


any


age


if


he


still


needs


to


do


so.


This


principle,


in


fact,


underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their


development,


and


is


the


basis


of


work


in


child



beginnings


of


discipline


are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for


food,


to


sleep


and


wake


at


regular


intervals


and


so


on.


If


the


child


feels


the


world


around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms


himself


to


conforming


to


its


demands.


Learning


to


wait


for


things,


particularly


for


food,


is


a


very


important


element


in


upbringing,


and


is


achieved


successfully


only


if


too


great


demands


are


not


made


before


the


child


can


understand



parent


watches


eagerly


the


child's


acquisition


of


each


new


skill―the


first


spoken


words,


the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often


tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up


dangerous feeling of


failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen


at any stage. A baby


might be forced


to use a toilet


too


early, a young


child might


be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads.


On


the


other


hand,


though,


if


a


child


is


left


alone


too


much,


or


without


any


learning


opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new


things for ng together is a fruit source of relationship between


children


and


parents.


By


playing


together,


parents


learn


more


about


their


children


and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and


children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation.


Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good s vary


greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some


may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming


home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the


controls


imposed


represent


the


needs


of


the


parents


and


the


values


of


the


community


as much as the child's own happiness and well- being.46. The principle underlying


all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.


A. is to send


them


to


clinicsB.


offers


recapture


of


earlier


experiencesC.


is


in


the


provision


of


clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently


experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for


foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the


rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and


friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can


never


be


taken


too


farB.


should


be


left


to


school


teachersC.


will


always


assist


their


developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles


are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not


very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for


parent-child cooperation50.


Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be


avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed


to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following


passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who


aren't


Jewish.


Nearly


480,


000


American


children


under


the


age


of


ten


have


one


Jewish


and


one


non-Jewish


parent.


And,


if


a


survey


compiled


by


researchers


at


the


University


of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of


these


children


will


not


identify


themselves


as


“Jewish”


when


they


get



survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and


their


parents'


religious


identities.


Ninety-three


percent


of


those


with


two


Jewish


parents


said


they


thought


of


themselves


as


Jewish.


But


when


the


father


wasn't


Jewish,


the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent


of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just


how


low


the


Jewish


identification


was


in


these


mixed


marriage


families.”


Linda


Sax


is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted


over the course of more


than a decade and


wasn't actually about religious identity

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