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William Makepeace Thackery萨克雷简介

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2021-03-04 00:26
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2021年3月4日发(作者:紧急时刻)



William Makepeace Thackery


萨克雷简介




1811-1863 The Book of Snobs


势利者集


;V


anity Fair


名利场


;History of Pendennis


潘丹尼斯的历



;The


History


of


Henry


Esmond


亨利


·

< br>艾斯芒的历史


;The


Newcomes


纽可谟一家


;The


Virginians


弗吉尼亚人




ntroduction


born July 18, 1811, Calcutta, India




died Dec. 24, 1863, London, Eng.




?



William Makepeace Thackeray, detail of an oil painting by Samuel


Laurence; in the National Portrait …



English


novelist


whose


reputation


rests


chiefly


on


Vanity


Fair



(1847



48),


a novel of the Napoleonic period in England, and


The History of Henry


Esmond, Esq.


(1852), set in the early 18th century.




Life.


Thackeray


was


the


only


son


of


Richmond


Thackeray,


an


administrator


in


the


East India Company. His father died in 1815, and in 1816 Thackeray was


sent


home


to


England.


His


mother


joined


him


in


1820,


having


married


(1817)



an engineering officer with whom she had been in love before she met


Richmond Thackeray. After attending several grammar schools Thackeray


went in 1822 to Charterhouse, the London public (private) school, where


he led a rather lonely and miserable existence.


He was happier while studying at Trinity College, Cambridge (1828



30).


In 1830 he left Cambridge without taking a degree, and during 1831



33


he


studied


law


at


the


Middle


Temple,


London.


He


then


considered


painting


as a profession; his artistic gifts are seen in his letters and many of


his early writings, which are amusingly and energetically illustrated.


All his efforts at this time have a dilettante air, understandable in a


young man who, on coming of age in 1832, had inherit


ed ?20,000 from his


father. He soon lost his fortune, however, through gambling and unlucky


speculations and investments. In 1836, while studying art in Paris, he


married


a


penniless


Irish


girl,


and


his


stepfather


bought


a


newspaper


so


that


he


could


remain


there


as


its


correspondent.


After


the


paper's


failure


(1837) he took his wife back to Bloomsbury, London, and became a


hardworking and prolific professional journalist.


Of


Thackeray's


three daughters,


one


died


in


infancy


(1839);


and


in


1840,


after her last confinement, Mrs. Thackeray became insane. She never


recovered and long survived her husband, living with friends in the


country. Thackeray was, in effect, a widower, relying much on club life


and gradually giving more and more attention to his daughters, for whom


he


established


a


home


in


London


in


1846.


The


serial


publication


in


1847



48


of


his


novel


Vanity


Fair



brought


Thackeray


both


fame


and


prosperity,


and


from then on he was an established author on the English scene.


Thackeray's one serious romantic attachment in his later life, to Jane


Brookfield, can be traced in his letters. She was the wife of a friend


of his Cambridge days, and during Thackeray's “widowerhood,” when his


life


lacked


an


emotional


centre,


he


found


one


in


the


Brookfield


home.


Henry


Brookfield's insistence in 1851 that his wife's passionate but platonic


friendship with Thackeray should end was a grief greater than any the


author had known since his wife's descent into insanity.


Thackeray tried to find consolation in travel, lecturing in the United


States


on


The


English


Humorists


of


the


18th


Century



(1852



53;


published


1853)


and


on


The


Four


Georges



(1855



56;


published


1860).


But


after


1856


he settled in London. He stood unsuccessfully for Parliament in 1857,


quarreled with Dickens, formerly a friendly rival, in the so-called


“Garrick


Club


Affair”


(1858),


and


in


1860


founded


The


Cornhill


Magazine,



becoming its editor. After he died in 1863, a commemorative bust of him


was placed in Westminster Abbey.





Early writings.


The 19th century was the age of the magazine, which had been developed


to meet the demand


for family


reading


among the growing


middle class. In


the late 1830s Thackeray became a notable contributor of articles on


varied


topics


to


Fraser's


Magazine,


The


New


Monthly


Magazine,



and,


later,


to


Punch


. His work was unsigned or written under such pen names as Mr.


Michael Angelo Titmarsh, Fitz-Boodle, The Fat Contributor, or Ikey


Solomons.


He


collected


the


best


of


these


early


writings


in


Miscellanies


,


4 vol. (1855



57). These include


The Yellowplush Correspondence,


the


memoirs


and


diary


of


a


young


cockney


footman


written


in


his


own


vocabulary


and style;


Major Gahagan


(1838



39), a fantasy of soldiering in India;


Catherine


(1839


–40), a burlesque of the popular “Newgate novels” of


romanticized


crime


and


low


life,


and


itself


a


good


realistic


crime


story;


The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond


(1841),


which


was


an


earlier


version


of


the


young


married


life


described


in


Philip;



and


The


Luck


of


Barry


Lyndon



(1844;


revised


as


The


Memoirs


of


Barry


Lyndon,



1856),


which


is


a


historical


novel


and


his


first


full-length


work.


Barry


Lyndon


is an excellent, speedy, satirical narrative until the final


sadistic scenes and was a trial run for the great historical novels,


especially


Vanity Fair


.


The Book of Snobs


(1848) is a collection of


articles that had appeared successfully in


Punch



(as “The Snobs of


England, by One of Themselves,” 1846–


47). It consists of sketches of


London characters and displays Thackeray's virtuosity in quick


character-drawing.


The


Rose


and


the


Ring,



Thackeray's


Christmas


book


for


1855,


remains


excellent


entertainment,


as


do


some


of


his


verses;


like


many


good


prose


writers,


he


had


a


facility


in


writing


light


verse


and


ballads.




Mature writings.


With


Vanity


Fair



(1847



48),


the


first


work


published


under


his


own


name,


Thackeray adopted the system of publishing a novel serially in monthly


parts that had been so successfully used by Dickens. Set in the second


decade of the 19th century, the period of the Regency, the novel deals


mainly with the interwoven fortunes of two contrasting women, Amelia


Sedley and Becky Sharp. The latter, an unprincipled adventuress, is the


leading personage and is perhaps the most memorable character Thackeray


created.


Subtitled


“A


Novel


Without


a


Hero,”


the


novel


is


deliberately


antiheroic: Thackeray states that in this novel his object is to

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