大学校历新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册课文翻译及练习答案

死路。

3.

到了晚 上，我很困，但是我不能睡。我们不得不？离这座城市，像囚犯一样在夜间逃亡。到哪

儿 去，我不知道，但是我知道逃跑突然变成了某种必须要做的事情，一种新的生活方式，

因为每个人

都在逃跑。所有公路、大路、甚至是乡间小路都是混乱的马车、拉车、 自行车，

上面装着包裹

和箱子。还有数不清的吓坏了的 人，他们无助地游走着。一些人向东边跑，另一些人向西边、北

边、南边跑；他们徒劳地 跑着，实在累了就躺下来，睡一会儿，然后重新开始他们漫无目的的旅

程。我紧紧地把我 妹妹的手握在手里，我母亲警告过，我们不能走失；

但就算她没告诉我，我也能

感觉到某种危险的灾难？漫了整个世界。

4.

我和妹妹在马车边走着。这是一辆简易马车，车里 铺着干草，在干草上，铺着一条棉布床

单，我的祖父躺在上面。他不能动，已经瘫痪了； 也是地雷的受害者。空袭一来时，所有人都冲

到了壕沟里，只有我祖父留在没人的马路上 ，他看着飞机向自己猛扑过来，看着他们猛地俯冲瞄

准，看着他们弹药喷出烈焰，听着轰 鸣的引擎从他的头上飞过。当飞机消失后，

我们回到马车

边，母亲擦去祖父通红的脸上的汗水，有时，一天会有好几次空袭，每次空袭过后，汗水都会

< br>渗满我祖父疲惫的脸。

5.

我 们正在踏入一个越来越可怕的场景。地平线上浓烟滚滚，战火在慢慢熄灭。我们经过

了废 弃的村庄和孤零零的被烧毁的房屋。我们经过了战场，这里到处都是垃圾，有丢弃的武器

装备，被炸毁的火车站，翻？的车辆。空气中都是火药味和大屠杀后尸体的烧焦和腐烂的味道。

< br>到处都是马德死尸，在人类战争中他们是？弱无力的。

6.

当冬季来临的时候，我们停了下来，不再逃避轰炸 ，这样我们就可以躲过恶劣的天气了。对正常

情况下的人们来说，冬天只不过是另一个季 节，但对于战时的穷人来说，冬天是一个灾难，一个

无处不在、持续不断的威胁。我们在 贫民窟里找了套房子，勉强在风雪中栖身，

当我们生不起

火；我们既买不起燃料，也不敢去冒险去偷。偷盗燃煤和木料是要处死的

——

人的生命此时一

文不值。

7.

我们什么吃的也没有。我母亲在窗边愁闷着，一站 就是几小时，我能看到她呆泄的眼神。我能

看到很多人从窗口旁盯着下面的街道看，好像 在等待着什么。我和一群流浪的孩子在后院来回

跑着玩儿，这既是游戏，也是在寻找一点 吃的东西。

8.

有一天，听说他们会 在仓库附近的一家商店散发糖果，我们这群饥寒交迫的孩子立即排了

一条长队。我们在严 寒中站了整整一夜以及第二天一整天，挤在一起以获得一丝暖意。终于，

商店开门了，但 发给我们每个人的却不是糖果，而是一个装过水果摊的空金属罐子。我虚弱不

堪、冻得僵 硬，但此刻却很开心，我带着我的宝贝回到家，小心地呵护着。它很珍贵、因为它的内

壁 上还有糖渣。我母亲少了些水，把水倒进去，稀释成了甜甜的饮料：这是我们这些天唯一的

营养。

9.

我不大记得战争是何时 结束的，如何结束的，我记忆总是被拉回到第一天草地上的情形，

那

到底我们做了什么，要让我们承受战争不可避免带来的所有这些伤害。

Understanding The Text

U2UnderstandingTheText P39

was Jason scared of water?

Because when he once hopped from the highest diving board ar the pool, he hit the water with

an incredible impact and blacked out.

2.

Could the would-be rescures succeed in saving the drowning boy?Why or why not?

No,they couldn'e with the water's tow. they'd never get to the drowning boy.

3.

Why did Jason decide to intervene to save the boy in spite of his fear of water?

Because nobody except Jason saw that going out onto the jetty, which was close to the boy,

was the fastest way to reach the drowning boy.

4.

Why did Jason become hesitant when he raced down the beach, out onto the jetty?

Because his fear of water suddenly struck him.

5.

How did Jason feel when he jumped into the water?

He felt like he was back in that pool, breathless struggling,terrified.

6.

How did the boy respond when Jason grabbed him?

The boy popped back up, eyes wide with terror,pawing and twisting against Jason.

7.

Was Jason's swimming back to safety smooth? Why?

No, it wasn't. At first when Jason swam against the rip current, it was forcibly dragging them

out to the sea. Then he decided to swim sideways to the pull of the current and slowly made their

way back to shorc. Finally he made his way back safety.

8.

Why did Jason feel the water had never looked so beautiful when he reached the

jetty?

Because Jason

had

already

conquered

his

inner

fear

of water

and

be

also

felt

relieved

and

delighted when he saw the boy was hugged tightly by his mother.

U3UnderstandingTheText P70

1.

What could we best portray Audrey Hepburn as?

We

can

best

portray

Audrey

Hepburn

as

an

exemplary

mother

and

a

dedicated

UNICEF

Ambassador of Goodwill.

2.

How did Audrey Hepburn escape after she was grabbed off the street by Nazis?

When

the

guards

glanced

away

she

darted

off,barely

escaping,and

huddled

in

a

cold

,foul

basement full of rats.

3.

How did Audrey Hepburn start her career?

She was spotted by a producer and eventually landed a role in the film Roman Holiday.

4.

How did Audrey Hepburn treat her divorces and sadness from her memories of the

war?

She suffered from them,but she never let her sadness overcome her or jeopardize her hope for

a brighter future.

5.

What did Audrey Hepburn's only home in Switzerland mean to her?

For

Audrey

it

was

a

paradise

where

she

could

hide

from

the

would

with

her

beloved

family,work in her garden and take long walks in nature.

6.

Why does the author say Audrey's missions as a UNICEF diplomat were

and physically dangerous

Because she had many trips into most difficult places on carth where people suffered from

froughts

and

wanted

to

relieve

their

sufferings

by

offering

spiritual

and

material

,when she was trying to complete her missions, she had to provide a lot of emtional care

and was always confronted with dangerous tasks.

7.

What ideology did Audrey Hepburn deeply believe in?

She believed deeply in the ideology thar all people share in the duty to care for those in need.

8.

How do you understand the statement of Audrey Hepburn:

，

look for the good

in others; for beautiful lips, speak only words of kindness; and for poise, walk with the knowledge

that you are never alone

Eyes will be beautiful if they always look for the goog in will be beautiful if they

speak only kind woods .Confidence is to be obtained when you walk while knowing that you are

never walking by 's words further show her simplicity ,charity,charm and kindness.

U4UnderstandingTheText P99

1.

Why do we sometimes still need to travel in this digital age?

Because in this digital age ,it is still important to have a handshake at abusiness luncheon ,to

eat mom's special food on Thanksgiving,or to see your girlfriend on your 2-years anniversary.

2.

What does the author mean by

the ills of modernity

The author means that the rest of journey

is actually

very have to endure and

tolerate the terrible experience in the modern world which brings people convenience as well as

tediousness as aresult of y if not enjoyable any more.

3.

What kind of travel is truly compulsory?

Only corporate reavel,about 30% of trips over 50 miles,is truly conpulsory.

4.

How do you understand the phrase

We go to Paris for the sake of its being just want to experience the wonders of Paris

because of its uniqueness.

5.

What is the irony when people travel to Paris trying to leave all those troubles behind?

Their mind is most likely to solve their most stubborn problems while they are sitting in luxury

in a Left Bank cafr.

6.

How does a bit of distance help enhance creativity according to Paragraph 6?

Traveling to a new place can make us less controlled by familiar cognitive patterns we used to

a result,we can better combine the new with the old in our thinking.

7.

What do we need to do to trigger our creativity?

We need to try the difference by changing cultures and experiencing the disorienting diversity

of human traditions.

8.

What will happen to us after travel?

Travel will change our mind to some extent,which in turn can have effects on everything in

our life.

U5UnderstandingTheText P129

1.

How can a person be truly happy?

To be truly happy ,one must feel to do what he likes,knowing that what he does is important

to other people. He enjoys his job and his work is greatly valued by society.

2.

How is labor different from play?

When people are doing a job they have no interest in,the job only means purely ? labor,which

has negative effects on don't like labor,but they have to accept it bacause of societal

expectations and the need to support their family . By contr? , people are in? in play,and when they

play they enjoy what they are doing . However ,play is only a personal , society does not

care how people play.

3.

Why does the author make a comparison between a gardener and a well- dressed city mayor?

The author wants show that that the difference between workers and labores does not like in

the nature of the job itself,be it mental or manual,of low or high ? , but in whether a person has

interest in his job.

4.

What does leisure mean to workers and laborers respectively?

To workers , leisure means ? the bours they need to relax and rest in order to work efficiently

to laborers ,leisure means freedom from compulsion.

5.

How do workers and laborers differ in the amount of personal satisfaction they derive from their

jobs?

Workers will be happier, less stressed , and generally more satisfied with their lives and proud

of their jobs. On the other band,laborers feel that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted

and doesn't contribute to their happiness;laborers perveive only the time spent in leisure and play as

meabingful.

6.

How do technological innovation and the division of labor change the nature of work?

The improvements in technology and the division of labor have greatly changed the nature of

do not need special strength or skill any more in many paid jobs with

enjoyable

works

have

become

boring

labor

routine.

At

the

same

time

,

because

machines

can

automatically

do

the

work

for

people,

producivity

has

increased

and

the

number

of

becessary

laboring hours has accordingly decreased.

7.

What kind of attitude should people take toward leisure time?

People should take a positive attitude toward leisure should use their leisure time

to

improve

their

minds

and

their

working

conditions

to

create

a

happier,more

contented

life

by

means of lifelong learning , such as

8.

What does the author mean by using the expression

With

this

phrase,the

author

emphasizes

that

even

purely

mental

work

can

arouse

people's

passions and give them sarisfacion.

U6UnderstandingTheText P157

1.

How does the war begin in the eyes of the author?

He

suddenly

notices

12

distant

silver

poiats

moving

across

the

clear

brilliant

sky

with

an

unfamiliar abnormal hum.

2.

Why does the author run toward the forest in the direction of the falling bombs?

Because he has has not grown accustomed to war and cannot conceive of the danger, and he is

fascinared by the bombs' explosion.

3.

What does the author think of their flight when he sees that everyone is running

away?

The author feels that flight has suddenly become some kind of highest necessity , some new

form of life.

4.

Why does the author write in detail his grandfather's situation?

Because the author wants to take his grandfather, a victim of war,as a typical example to reveal

the helplessness of individuals in the cruel war .

5.

What does the author want to convey by describing the

landscape

By describing the

bring

people

huge

disasters,

destroying

everything

without

mercy

and

raining

people's

life

conmletely.

6.

Why is winter a disaster, a pervasive and constant threat, for the poor during wartime?

The poor are exposed to much more severe conditions that at any other time in the year as

they can't afford to heat the furnace.

7.

Why does the author's mother stand brooding at the window for hours with a fixed stare?

Because she is worried and helpless .They have nothing to eat, and she doesn't know whether

they can survive the severe war.

8.

Why does the author regard the metal container as something valuable?

Because they have nothing to eat and the sugar tesidue inside the container serves as their

only mi? for days.

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U1BankedCloze P12

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U3BankedCloze P73

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视听说

视听说

P 43:

1

exerting

6

efficient

9

boost

2

fabulous

3 talk them out

4 approaches

5 head for

7

is linked with

8 compare favorably to

10 session

视听说

P 65:

1

illegal

2

taking family vacations

3 acquaintances

4

throwing a party

5

verbal

6

tolerant

7 intervene

8

splits the difference

9

resolve

10 talk it out

视听说

P 109:

1 suffer from

6 labeling

2 enthusiastic

7 comes down to

3 erodes

8 commonplace

4 competent

9 tend to

5 clear-cut

10 focusing on

视听说

P86

Scripts

We may take the invention of the toilet for granted, but it is something many of us would have a

hard time learning to live without. Public sanitation systems were invented long ago, but when was

the toilet invented? The story of the toilet takes us back to 1596.

The toilet was created by Sir John Harrington for his godmather, Queen Elizabeth

I. Harrington

called his design a “water closet”, and his water closet was installed in Queen Elizabeth’s castle in

1596.

The original toilet, or water closet, had a knob on a chain that had to be pulled in order for

the

water to be released from a bowl. Underneath the bowl, there was a basin or collection bowl that

had to be emptied and cleaned often. It is not the sanitary and pleasant

way for removing waste

that we know of, but it paves the way for later improvements.

Over time, many inventors improved

Harrington’s

original water closet by improving the pipes that

were

attached

to

the

bottom

and

the

flush

system

that

built

upon

the

original

toilet.

By

1896,

Thomas Crapper began to sell toilets. Crapper saw the importance and necessity of the toilet, and

he used his admiration for the product to help promote and sell the toilet.

Harrington’s

invention

is,

without

a

doubt,

one

invention

that

would

be

hard

to

live

without.

Inventors will continue to develop upon

Harrington’s

original water closet.

Question 1: Who invented the first toilet according to the passage?

Sir John Harrington

Question 2: What was one of the problems with Harrington’s water c

loset?

The basin had to be emptied and cleaned constantly.

Question 3: How did inventors improve the original toilet according to the passage?

They improved the pipes that were attached to the bottom.

Question 4: which of the following can best summarize the passage?

The development of the toilet.

Skimming and Scanning (Multiple Choice)

Directions:

Read the following passage and then choose the best answer from the four choices

marked A, B, C and D for questions 1-10.

Passage 1

Children's Eating

Raising children can be a challenging job. It can also be rewarding. When it comes to eating, the

more caregivers know about children's natural eating patterns, the easier and more rewarding the

job of feeding children can be.

Like many other behaviors, children's eating patterns are largely learned. Starting from infancy (

婴

儿期

), a child learns what can be eaten and what cannot, what is appropriate within the culture and

the family regarding food manners, what types of food are liked and disliked, and what cues are

important

in

controlling

the

amount

of

food

eaten.

Children's

eating

patterns

move

through

predictable

stages

of

development

that

present

challenges

and

opportunities

for

learning

and

mastering proper eating patterns. Early feeding interactions influence the set of skills and behaviors

children possess as their eating moves from completely depending on their caregivers to relying

more on themselves.

Inborn (

天生的

) Abilities, Preferences, and Transitions (

转变

)

Because a newborn spends about 50% of his waking time eating, the feeding interaction is perhaps

an

infant's

most

important

experience.

Feeding

not

only

supplies

energy

for

growth,

it

also

establishes his bond with his mother, provides a sense of security and pleasure for the infant, and

presents repeated opportunities for learning and social exchange.

A child's transition to solid food is a dynamic (

不断增长的

) period of growth and learning. Eating

patterns change more during this period than during any other time of life. This transition requires

rapid learning about flavors, food, manners, and social exchange.

An often unrecognized milestone (

里程碑

) in young children's eating behavior is dealing with a