浙江大学王赛达-生子祝福语
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Unit 1
Another School Year-What For
教学目的
了解作者及其背景知识；
熟悉本文使用的写作手法；
掌握委婉语；
通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同
时掌握文中的核心语言点。
教学内容
背景知识介绍
作品赏析
写作技巧
语言理解
教学重点
文学作品的赏析；
文学中的修辞手法―委婉语的使用
构词法：词缀
教学方法
多种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习等）并用
Warming-up: Discussion
Divide the
class
into several
groups and
make
them
have a discussion about
the advantages
and disadvantages of formal
education at school.
Suggested Answers:
Advantages
:
1. a systematic mastery of the
knowledge required by the public education.
2.
a
n
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s
to
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n
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t
mo
sp
h
e
re
w
h
ic
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is
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l
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o
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c
o
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t
it
io
n
3. opportunities
of
being
together
with
those
with
whom
you
share
the
similar
experience
4. teachers
are
professionals
in
the
field
of
education
and
can
provide
with
what
we
expect from them;
Di
sadvantag
es
:
1.
formal education pays much attention to similarity rather than individuality;
2.
those with special talents cannot exert their potentiality at a formal school;
Background Information
1. William Shakespeare
Tragedies:
(1) 'Hamlet', 'Macbeth', 'King Lear', 'Othello';
(2) 'Antony and Cleopatra',
'Coriolanus', 'Romeo and Juliet', 'Julius Caesar';
(3) 'Richard II', 'Richard
III', 'Timon of Athens';
(4)
'King John', 'Titus Andronicus', 'Henry VI'.
Comedies:
'The Tempest',
As You Like It',
'The Winter's Tale',
'The Merchant of Venice',
Twelfth Night',
'Much Ado about Nothing',
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'Cymbeline',
'A Midsummer
Night's Dream';
'The Merry
Wives of Windsor',
'The Taming of the
Shrew',
'Two Gentlemen of Verona',
'All's Well That Ends Well',
'A Comedy of Errors',
'Pericles',
'Love's
Labour's Lost',
'Two Noble Kinsmen'.
Histories:
'Henry IV', Parts 1 and 2,
'Henry V',
'Richard II',
'Richard
III',
'Henry VIII,;
'King John',
'Henry VI', Parts 2 and 3,
'Henry VI', Part 1.
Serious Plays, or Bitter
Comedies:
'Measure for Measure',
'Troilus and Cressida'.
2. Bach
(1685-1750)
Bach, Johann Sebastian, was considered by many of his peers to be the supreme
master
of counterpoint
(compositional technique pitting note against note
or melody against melody).
This quality
was expressly illustrated in his fugal
compositions. In this excerpt from his
famous Toccata and Fugue in D Minor,
written in his early years as a court organist,
Bach
expands on the toccata (short,
intricately articulated keyboard movement) form in
an
elaborately constructed fugue.
3.
Homer
Homer, name traditionally assigned to the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, the two
major epics of Greek
antiquity. Nothing is known of Homer as an
individual, and in fact it is
a matter
of controversy whether a single person can be said
to have written both the Iliad and
the
Odyssey. Linguistic and historical evidence,
however, suggests that the poems were
composed in the Greek settlements on
the west coast of Asia Minor sometime in the 8th
century BC.
THE ILIAD
The Iliad
is
set
in the
final
year
of the Trojan
War,
fought between
the
Greeks and the
inhabitants of
the city of
Troy.
The
legendary conflict
forms
the background
for the central
plot of
the story: the
wrath of
the
Greek
hero Achilles.
Insulted by
his commander
in chief,
Agamemnon, the
young warrior
Achilles
withdraws
from
the war,
leaving
his
fellow
Greeks
to suffer
terrible defeats at
the
hands of the
Trojans.
Achilles rejects the
Greeks'
attempts at
reconciliation but finally relents to
some extent, allowing his companion Patroclus to
lead his
troops
in
his
place.
Patroclus
is
slain,
and
Achilles,
filled
with
fury
and
remorse,
turns
his
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wrath
against
the
Trojans,
whose
leader,
Hector
(son
of
King
Priam),
he
kills
in
single
combat.
The
poem
closes
as
Achilles
surrenders
the
corpse
of
Hector
to
Priam
for
burial,
recognizing a
certain kinship with the Trojan king as they both
face the tragedies of mortality
and
bereavement.
THE ODYSSEY
The Odyssey
describes
the return of the Greek hero Odysseus
from
the
Trojan War. The
opening
scenes
depict
the
disorder
that
has
arisen
in
Odysseus's
household
during
his
long
absence:
A
band
of
suitors
is
living
off
of
his
wealth
as
they
woo
his
wife,
Penelope.
The
epic then tells of
Odysseus's ten years of traveling, during
which
he
has to
face such dangers
as
the
man- eating
giant
Polyphemus
and
such
subtler
threats
as
the
goddess
Calypso,
who
offers
him
immortality
if
he
will
abandon
his quest
for
home.
The second
half of the poem
begins with
Odysseus's arrival at his home island of Ithaca.
Here, exercising infinite patience
and
self-control,
Odysseus
tests
the
loyalty
of
his
servants;
plots
and
carries
out
a
bloody
revenge on Penelope's suitors; and is
reunited with his son, his wife, and his aged
father.
4. VIRGIL, or VERGI
(70-19 BC).
The
greatest
of
the
Roman
poets,
Publius
Vergilius
Maro,
was
not
a
Roman
by
birth.
His early home was on a
farm in the village of Andes, near Mantua. His
father was a farmer,
prosperous enough
to give his son the best education. The young
Virgil was sent to school at
Cremona
and
then
to
Milan.
At
the
age
of
17
he
went
to
Rome
to
study.
There
he
learned
rhetoric and
philosophy from the best teachers of the day.
Virgil
studied
the
Greek
poets.
He
wrote
his
'Eclogues'.
These
are
pastoral
poems
describing
the
beauty
of
Italian
scenes.
At
the
suggestion
of
Maecenas
he
wrote
a
more
serious
work on
the art of
farming
and the charms of
country
life called the 'Georgics'.
This
established his fame as the
foremost poet of his age.
The
year
after
the
'Georgics'
was
published,
he
began
his
great
epic,
the
'Aeneid'.
He
took
as
his
hero
the
Trojan
Aeneas,
supposed
to
be
the
founder
of
the
Roman
nation.
The
poem,
published
after
Virgil's death, exercised a tremendous
influence
upon
Latin
and
later
Christian literature, prose as well as
poetry. Thus his influence continued through the
Middle
Ages and into modern times.
5. DANTE
(1265-1321).
One
of
the
greatest
poets
in
the
history
of
world
literature,
Italian
writer
Dante
Alighieri composed poetry
influenced by classical and Christian tradition.
Dante’s
greatest
work
was
the
epic
poem
La
divina
commedia
(1321?;
The
Divine
Comedy, 1802). It
includes three sections:
the Inferno (Hell),
in
which the
great classical poet Virgil
leads Dante on a trip through
hell;
the Purgatorio (Purgatory),
in which Virgil
leads Dante up
the
mountain of purification;
and
the
Paradiso
(Paradise),
in
which
Dante
travels
through
heaven.
This
passage
from
the
Inferno (recited
by an actor) comes at the beginning of the epic,
when Dante loses his way in
the woods.
The Divine Comedy
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was probably begun about 1307; it was completed shortly before his death. The work is an
allegorical narrative, in verse of
great precision and dramatic force, of the poet's
imaginary
journey
through hell, purgatory, and heaven.
In
each
of
the
three
realms
the
poet
meets
with
mythological,
historical,
and
contemporary
personages.
Each
character
is
symbolic
of
a
particular
fault
or
virtue,
either
religious
or
political;
and
the
punishment
or
rewards
meted
out
to
the
characters
further
illustrate the larger meaning of their
actions in the universal scheme.
Dante
is
guided
through
hell
and
purgatory
by
Virgil,
who
is,
to
Dante,
the
symbol
of
reason.
The woman
Dante
loved,
Beatrice,
whom
he regards as both a
manifestation and an
instrument of the divine will,
is his guide through paradise.
6. ARISTOTLE
(384-322 BC).
One of the
greatest
thinkers of all
time, an ancient
Greek philosopher. His
work
in the
natural
and social sciences greatly influenced virtually
every area of modern thinking.
Aristotle was born in 384 BC in Stagira, on the northwest coast of the Aegean Sea. His
father was a friend and
the physician of the king of Macedonia, and the
lad spent most of his
boyhood at the
court. At 17, he went to Athens to study. He
enrolled at the famous Academy
directed
by the philosopher Plato.
Aristotle threw
himself
wholeheartedly
into Plato's pursuit of truth and
goodness. Plato
was
soon calling
him
the
school.
In
later
years
he
renounced
some of Plato's
theories and
went far beyond him in breadth of knowledge
After
his
death,
Aristotle's
writings
were
scattered
or
lost.
In
the
early
Middle
Ages
the
only works of his known in Western
Europe were parts of his writings on logic. They
became
the basis of one of the three
subjects of the
medieval
trivium-- logic,
grammar, and rhetoric.
Early
in
the
13th
century
other
books
reached
the
West.
Some
came
from
Constantinople;
others were brought by the Arabs to
Spain. Medieval scholars translated them into
Latin.
The best known of Aristotle's writings that
have been preserved are 'Organon' (treatises
on
logic);
'Rhetoric';
'Poetics';
'History
of
Animals';
'Metaphysics';
'De
Anima'
(on
psychology);
'Nicomachean Ethics'; 'Politics'; and
'Constitution of Athens'.
7.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Called
the
Father
of
the
English
Language
as
well
as
the
Morning
Star
of
Song,
Geoffrey
Chaucer,
after
six
centuries,
has
retained
his
status
as
one
of
the
three
or
four
greatest English
poets.
He
was
the
first
to
commit
to
lines
of
universal
and
enduring
appeal
a
vivid
interest
in
nature, books, and people. As
many-sided as Shakespeare,
he did
for English
narrative
what
Shakespeare
did
for
drama.
If
he
lacks
the
profundity
of
Shakespeare,
he
excels
in
playfulness of mood and
simplicity of expression.
Though his language often seems quaint, he was essentially modern. Familiarity with the
language and with the literature of his
contemporaries persuades the most skeptical that
he is
nearer to the present than many
writers born long after he died.
The Canterbury Tales
The
Tales
is a collection of stories
set
within a
framing
story of a pilgrimage to Canterbury
Cathedral,
the
shrine
of
Saint
Thomas
à
Becket.
The
poet
joins
a
band
of
pilgrims,
vividly
described
in the General Prologue,
who assemble at
the
Tabard Inn outside
London
for the
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