helsinki大学-学生论文
.
【答案】
1) c
2) a
3) b
4) a
【原文】
Bali is a
beautiful island of mountains, forests and rice
fields. It is also an island of artists.
Almost everybody there is an artist of
some kind. The people work all day at home, in the
fields or
on their boats, but in the
evening they make music, dance, paint or carve
things out of wood and
stone.
For the Balinese, art is part of religion.
It is a way of pleasing their gods--and Bali, they
believe,
is
full
of
gods.
There
are
thousands
of
temples
in
Bali,
and
there
are
festivals
at
these
temples when people die or
get married, or when a child is born. At these
festivals the people try
to keep their
gods happy by giving them food, by dancing, by
acting, and by playing music for
them.
In the past, the Balinese did not care about the outside world. For them Bali was the whole
world. But in the 1930s tourists
began to visit Bali, and since the 1950s tourism
has become big
business there. So the
islanders have begun to sell their art to
tourists. These days the Balinese
pro-
duce more and more things for tourists; they make
fewer things for their temples. They have
less time for their gods, so there are
fewer festivals.
Each year more tourists bring more money to the island; they also bring new ideas and a
new way of life. The
Balinese know that if fewer tourists come to the
island, there will be less
money. But
they also know if there are too
many tourists, the Balinese way of life will change
drastically. The authorities are trying
hard to organize and control tourism with caution.
Bali has to
change; nevertheless they
want to make sure that it changes for the better,
not for the worse.
Task
3
【答案】
A.
1) Because until 1980, it
had been quiet for more than a hundred years.
2) It was strange. No birds were
singing, and the air was still.
3) He
was standing near the summit and reporting the
eruption on radio.
B.
Washington; 35; 1980; 123; recreation;
summit; tremors; small eruptions; no danger; 1980;
dust;
ash; rocks; mud; 40; peaceful;
empty
【原文】
Most
volcanoes
are
quiet.
They
rest
peacefully
for
hundreds
of
years.
No
one
pays
much
attention to them.
Mount St.
Helens was one of these volcanoes. Until 1980, it
was a beautiful recreation area.
Its
last eruption had been 123 years ago. No one was
worried about another one. Then, in March
1980, Mount St. Helens began to make
noises. At first, there were tremors. Then, small
eruptions
occurred. Some residents left
immediately. Others felt there was no danger.
But
on
the
morning
of
May
18,
1980,
the
mountain
blew
its
top.
With
the
power
of
twenty-five
atomic
bombs,
Mount
St.
Helens
exploded.
Clouds
of
dust
and
ash
rose
more
than
twelve miles into the sky. Rocks and
mud crashed down the slopes.
.
.
Unfortunately,
many
people
were
still
living,
camping,
or
working
in
the
area.
Over
forty
people lost
their lives. Others were rescued.
Robert Baker was fishing with his
family when the explosion occurred. He reported
that the
morning of May 18 was strange.
No birds were singing. The air was still. Then, he
saw a large
black cloud coming down
toward them. In minutes, day turned into night. He
called his family to
their van and they
started on the slow dark ride away from the
mountain. All the time, hot ash was
raining on them.
But other
people were not so lucky. David Johnston, a
volcano expert, was standing near the
summit of the mountain. At 8:31 a. m. ,
he radioed,
Mount St. Helens is
peaceful now. But its slopes are empty. It will be
many years before fish,
plants, and
trees will again live on the mountain.
Task
4
【答案】
A.
1)
Mrs. Rakel Surlien is the Norwegian Minister of
Environmental Protection, and she is about to
begin a three-day visit to Britain.
2) Britain.
3) Britain
insists the case against acid rain in general and
its contribution in particular is far from
proven. / Britain insists that neither
the disastrous effects of acid rain nor
Britain’
s responsibility
in the issue has been proven.
4) Sweden.
5) It refers to a
group of some 20 nations which are committed to
reducing sulfur dioxide by a
third.
6) Norway is against Britain in the
dispute over acid rain in spite of its cordial
approach.
B.
1) fish;
aquatic life; forest
2) power stations
3)remain isolateed
【原文】
Norway
has
decided
to
resume
a
approach
to
Britain
in
the
long- standing
dispute
over
the
issue
of
acid
rain,
as
Mrs.
Rakel
Surlien,
the
Norwegian
Minister
of
Environmental Protection,
begins a three-day visit to Britain.
All the Nordic countries believe that Britain is responsible for as much as a third of the acid
deposit
failing
in
southern
Scandinavia,
killing
fish
and
most
other
aquatic
life
in
thousands
of
lakes
and
rivers
and
possibly
putting
large
areas
of
forest
at
risk.
Emissions
from
coal
and
oil
burning power stations are blamed
mostly, but Britain insists the case against acid
rain in general
and its contribution in
particular is far from proven.
The issue has become almost fashionable since the Swedes raised it in 1972. More than 20
nations have agreed to
join the so-called
by a third, and
Britain is increasingly isolated in Western Europe
by its refusal to do so.
Mrs. Surlien says there has been no change in the Norwegian position in spite of the cordial
approach, and she also
scented victory, as she said,
for long.
It must be very difficult to live with.
.
.
Task
5
【答案】
1) four out of five; survive; rosy;
forest flower; for centuries
2) 2,000;
fight cancer; 40; wildlife; the rain forest
3) drugs; a South American tree; blood
pressure; the snakeroot plant from Indian forests
4) foods; tropical forests; winged bean
5) rubber; oils; one; examined; 99;
threatened
【原文】
A
representative of an ecological organization is
talking about the advantages and benefits for
humans of the rain forests.
Four out of five of all children who got leukemia in 1960 died. Now four out of every five
survive. The
secret of this miraculous change is the rosy
periwinkle, a forest flower which tribal
doctors had used for centuries.
The United
States
National
Cancer
Institute
has
identified
more
than
2,000
tropical
rain
forest plants with the
ability to fight cancer. In fact, about 40 percent
of all drugs given out in the
United
States today owe much of their strength to
chemicals from wildlife, largely from the rain
forest.
Other drags include quinine, which comes from a South American tree, and drugs to relieve
high
blood pressure
are
derived
from
the
snakeroot
plant
from
Indian
forests.
The armadillo
of
South
America is helping us find a cure for leprosy.
The tropical forests also contain large amounts of new foods. For example, the winged bean
of
New
Guinea
is
now
grown
in
about
50
different
countries.
Japanese
scientists
have
found
a
calorie-free
substance
in
Paraguay
which
is
300
times
sweeter
than
sugar,
and
a
coffee
free
of
caffeine has been found in
the small forests of the Comoros islands.
Every
day
we
use
products
from
the
rain
forests--robber,
spices
and
oils,
and
of
course
wood. Less than one percent of the
forest plants have been examined for their
potential, but the
remaining 99 percent
is threatened by our endless search for wood. The
South American Indians
say the trees
hold up the sky, and if they come down there will
be a catastrophe.
Task
6
【答案】
A.
1)
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes
between the E
arth and the sun, and the moon’s
shadow covers part of the earth.
2) A solar eclipse has occurred at
Christmas only 30 times during the past 5,000
years, the last
time in 1954.
3) The (retina of the) eye can be
permanently damaged.
4) It works
by projecting the sun’s image on a piece of paper
through a pinhole on another piece.
5) The next eclipse at Christmas will
occur in 2307; it can be observed on the west
coast of Africa.
B.
1) T
2) F
3) T
【原文】
On December 25,
2000, many people across North America received a
rare Christmas treat
.
.
when the
moon passed in front of the sun resulting in a
partial solar eclipse.
Solar
eclipses occur when the moon passes between the
earth and the sun, and the moo
n’s
shadow
covers
part
of
the
earth,
and
a
total
solar
eclipse
takes
place
when
the
moon’s
shadow
blocks out
the sun entirely. What made this particular solar
eclipse unique was that this event has
occurred on December twenty-fifth only
30 times during the past five thousand years, the
last time
in 1954.
But people must be exceptionally careful when
attempting to view the solar eclipse. Without
taking precautionary measures, one can
permanently damage the retina of the eye; however,
there
are several safe methods of
witnessing this heavenly marvel.
First, you can view a solar eclipse by using eclipse safety glasses for filtering out the sun’s
harmful rays.
They should be used when any part of the sun is
visible.
Sunglasses
can
block
out
some
of
the
sun
’s
ultraviolet
rays,
but
the
results
can
be
very
deceptive. The eye’s natural reaction
to this darken state when wearing sunglasses is to
make the
pupil larger, which allows in
more light and can intensify the damage to the
your eye.
You can watch an
ecli
pse by projecting the sun’s image on a piece of paper either by using a
telescope, or easier yet, by creating a
pinhole in a piece of paper and viewing the result
on another
piece of paper, thus called
a pinhole projector.
Only
during a total eclipse when the sun is completely
and briefly covered can you watch the
eclipse without eye protection. Even
then, extreme caution should be taken.
In case you didn’t catch this last spectacular solar eclipse on December twenty
-fifth, 2000,
there is no
need to fret. Your posterity can record the next
eclipse on Christmas in the year 2307,
but only if they’re visiting the west
coast of Africa for the holidays.
Task
7
【答案】
A.
1)
pottery; metal
2) large cities; food
production
3) the late 1950s; borrow;
returnable; one-trip
4) pots; pans
B.
1) Because the food must
be shipped from place to place when it is
produced, and because of the
increased
variety of foods available and the convenience of
precooked meals, it is impossible
for
the customer to collect many foods in his own
container.
2) Until the late 1950s
Americans had to borrow soft-drink bottles by
paying a deposit each time
they bought
one.
3) Yes, beaus sales of soft drink
climbed.
4)
Glass
companies
gave
soft-drink
sellers
a
helping
hand.
A
US
company,
Consumer's
Glass,
made an
arrangement with the bottler companies to
reimburse them for much of the cost of
one-trip bottles.
5)
Aluminium food packages now have their own
electric plugs. After you eat the food, you can
just throw them away.
6) The writer is mildly criticizing the
trend toward one-trip living and thinks it
probably has gone
too far.
【原文】
.