杭州浙江大学现代大学英语精读2第二版课后习题答案

2020年12月7日发(作者：潘旭澜)

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现代大学英语精读

2

（第二版）课后习题答案

Key to exercises

Unit 1

Preview

1.

Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1.

aim/purpose; training; practical/professional skills; technical training; universities

2.

graduate school; Shakespeare’s plays;

be a pharmacist

3.

making a living; keep himself; his family; expose; ideas

4.

waking; average; a living; all about

5.

in danger; mechanized savages; push-button Neanderthals

6.

have left us; peculiar accomplishments; species

7.

center; storehouse

8.

sarcastic; humorous

2.

Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions, paying special attention to

the parts in bold type.

1)

It means annoying experiences, tough problems or failures.

2)

They must have finished their graduate studies with an advanced degree like a PhD.

3)

It

simply

means

“one

of

the

students”.

The

word

“body”

here

means

the

whole

group of students. Because the student is thin and tall. It is meant to be

humorous rather than

insulting.

4)

He teaches English literature.

5)

By using the word “stuff”, he shows his dislike for the course very clearly. He doesn’t like

the course because he thinks it is useless for his planned career.

6)

We

can

assume

that

he

does

not

think

it

necessary

to

waste

money

on

the

books

since

he

intends to drop the course.

7)

The latter. It is a humorous way of referring to a certain type of people.

8) He is talking about the Pharmacy

School. He is being sarcastic when he calls it “a Drugstore

Mechanics School”

It means “

技工

”.

9) He is talking about the diploma for university or college graduates.

He has in mind people like what the student wants to be: pharmacists.

10) It means

“having been introduced to the ideas developed or produced throughout history.

11) It refers to his effort to convince the student.

12)

“Hold”

here

is

an

intransitive

verb

meaning

“remain

true”.

It

is

often

used

as

a

set

phrase

“hold true”.

13)

It means “things of the same kind”.

诸如此类

14)

We call it the future continuous tense. It is used for ongoing future actions.

15) He is saying here that you will make sure that the medicine

you make will not be mixed with poison if you are trained as a pharmacist;

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that the houses you build will successfully keep out bulls if your chosen job is engineering; and

that your client will not be sentenced to death because you are incompetent if you want to be a

lawyer.

16)

These are all useful things to do… and raises/brings

up your children.

17)

In formal English, “may” is used to express a hope or wish.

More examples:

May our country be prosperous and our people happy.

May peace finally prevail.

Note: suffice (be sufficient)

It is formal for humorous effect.

18)

民主的思想家

. Will you be heading a family that is familiar with the great democratic ideas

in past history?

19)

He

means

the

tall

student.

“Pest”

is

often

used

to

refer

to

an

annoying

person

especially

a

child.

20)

No. He means that he is aiming to make money. That is his purpose for coming to school.

21)

…you’re going to have trouble finding something to do when you are not spending money.

22)

… then you shouldn’t go to college. You have no reason to go to college.

23)

He is saying here that young people may become savages like the ancient people who lived

35,000 to 130,000 years ago although they can now push buttons and use machines, hence, a “new

species”.

24)

Our colleges are bound to produce some students of this kind.

He is very sarcastic about

these

people

and

thinks

that

they

are

not

truly

educated

and

civilized

as

they

should

be

today.

Therefore he uses the expression: “ such life forms”. Note also that the word “graduate” is used as

a transitive verb here.

25) We are talking about how ideas or concepts are developed and how important they are in the

evolution of the human species. Animals live

by instinct. Only human beings are able to formulate ideas such as love, freedom, democracy, and

equality. These ideas make us different from other animals. And we get these ideas from people in

the

past.

That

is

why

reading

is

so

important.

Many

scholars

maintain

that

without

reading

we

don’t

know

how

to

think.

There

are,

however,

people

who

emphasize

the

importance

of

direct

experience. They say that ‘Doing is also learning’. Sometimes they even go as far as to maintain

that reading may prevent us from creative thinking.

26) The fact that we have the faculty means that…

V

ocabulary

1.

Do the following exercises on word formation rules.

1)

The

following

words

are

adjecti

ves

ending

with

the

suffixes

“

-

ent”

and

“

-

ant,”

and

their

corresponding

nouns

usually

ending

with

“

-

ence”

and

“

-

ance.”

Decide

which

of

the

following

should be the former, and which the latter.

1.

different

2.

independent

3.

extravagant

4.

competent

5.

arrogant

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6.

important

7.

confident

8.

fragrant

9.

significant

10.

convenient

11.

evident

12.

intelligent

13.

relevant

14.

present

15.

urgent

16.

violent

17.

current

18.

frequent

19.

distant

Note:

The

following

words

are

nouns,

not

adjectives:

accountant;

assistant;

defendant;

dependant; attendant

2)

Guess

the

corresponding

nouns

of

the

following,

paying

special

attention

to

their

pronunciation.

1.

qualification

clarification

unification

notification

classification

identification

intensification

justification

simplification

certification

glorification

specification

2.

modernization

mechanization

realization

civilization

globalization

specialization

Americanization

industrialization

urbanization

idealization

centralization

marketization

nationalization

privatization

3.

permission

discussion

admission

profession

commission

confession

remission

impression

emission

oppression

submission

compression

transmission

expression

omission

depression

3) Give derivatives of the following words.

1.

sense:

sensitive; sensible; senseless; sensibility; oversensitive; insensitive

2.

technique:

technical; technically; technician;

3.

special:

specially; specialty; specialize

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4.

intellect:

intellectual; intelligent; intelligence

5.

civil:

civilize; civilization; civilized; uncivilized

4)

Translate the following into Chinese.

1.

Many people agree that the increased enrollment is a big accomplishment.

2.

The lack of availability of certified accountants who can meet such high qualifications is still

a big problem.

3.

Early

specialization

is

not

wise.

Students

should

have

a

wide

exposure

to

world

culture

before they specialize.

4.

Strong

as

we

might

be

some

day

we

must

never

become

arrogant.

We

should

continue

to

pursue the policy of peaceful co-existence among nations.

5.

It

is

a

penetrating

thought

that

a

nation’s

power

rests

essentially

with

its

advanced

civilization.

6.

Our memory of past disastrous experiences is an extremely important spiritual resource.

2.

Translate the following verb+noun collocations into English.

1)

fold one’s arms

2)

fold the letter

3)

acquire knowledge

4)

generate ideas

5)

generate jobs

6)

generate power

7)

generate interest

8)

employ workers

9)

use/employ time

10)

rear/raise one’s children

11)

rear sheep

12)

raise one’s family

13)

raise one’s voice

14)

raise tax

15)

raise the question

16)

maintain contact

17)

maintain law and order

18)

maintain peace

3.

Give the synonyms and antonyms of the following.

Synonyms

1.

reasonably/ rather/quite

2.

clearly/evidently

3.

to keep

4.

to raise

5.

to gain/obtain

6.

to produce

7.

to prove

8.

department (university)

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9.

humanity

10.

drugstore /chemist (

英

)

11.

type/example/model/case

12.

to enter/join

13.

however/but

14.

sharp/thoughtful

15.

thinker/intellectual

16.

to shake/tremble/shiver

17.

unavoidably/certainly/

18.

to suppose/presume/think/guess

19.

to help/assist

20.

strange/odd/unusual/queer

21.

achievement/success/victory

22.

special skill

Antonyms

1.

unavailable

2.

modestly

3.

general

4.

unqualified

5.

uncivilized/savage

6.

to unfold

7.

unemployed

8.

incompetence

9.

insensitive

4.

Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below.

1)

to see to it; exposed to

2)

out for; succeed in

3)

averages out

4)

specialize in

5)

stuck for

6)

preside over

7)

stuck for; see to it that

8)

true of

9)

out to; see to it that

10)

have no business

5.

Fill in the blanks with the right word or expression in the bracket.

1)

in making; to find

2)

see

3)

out; of; of; for

4)

to

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5)

by; for

6)

Poor as he was; put

7)

for

8)

in

9)

believed in; forcing

10)

physicist; sensitive

6.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1)

It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose

them

to

all

social

problems

because

very

soon

they

will

be

dealing

with

them

as

responsible

citizens.

2)

As

time

goes

on

we

are

inevitably

going

to

get

more

and

more

involved

in

international

affairs.

And

conflicts

are

sure

to

occur

because

there

always

exist

different

views

and

interests

between nations.

3)

We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become

arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.

4)

Information

is

now

easily

available.

An

average

computer

can

store

the

information

of

a

small library

5)

That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal

document

to

certify

that

they

have

the

necessary

expertise.

We

must

find

a

company

that

specializes in building theatres.

6)

These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating

analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers.

7)

The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized

unless the quality of our people’s lives is really improved.

8)

Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there

was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds; and a lot of

flowers, trees and birds in the fields.

9)

Give absolute power to some individual or any particular group of people, and that person or

group

are

sure

to

abuse

that

power

because,

just

as

Lord

Acton

says,

“Power

corrupt

s,

and

absolute power corrupts absolutely.”

10)

Traditionally

in

our

country

school

education

was

always

said

to

be

more

important

and

useful compared with all other pursuits.

Grammar

1.

Point out how future time is expressed and what concept each future expression conveys.

It is far more complicated to talk about the future than to talk about the present and past. Generally,

future time is expressed in these ways.

Future at Present

a)

“will” as in 3): used to say something is expected to happen

“will

be

doing”

as

in

4):

used

to

say

that

you

are

sure

that

something

will

happen

because

arrangements have been made

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b)

“be going to”: used 2), 5) to say that something will happen quite soon or to talk about sb’s

intentions or what they have decided to do

c)

“the present progressive” as in 10): used to talk about something that will happen because

you have planned or arranged it

d)

“the simple present” as in 9): used to say that something will definitely happen at a particular

time, especially because it has been officially arranged

Future in the Past

a)

“would” as in 7): used to say what you intended to do or expected to happen

b)

“was/were going to” as in 1): used to say that something was expected to happen

c)

“was/were to do” as in 6), 8): used to talk ab

out something that would happen because it had

been planned or arranged.

2.

Learn to use emphasizing coordinating conjunctions.

1. Point out the grammatical form each pair of the conjunctions connects.

Emphasizing

coordinating

conjunctions

connect

parts

of

the

sentence

that

have

the

same

grammatical form.

1)

two nouns

2)

two adjectives

3)

two prepositional phrases

4)

two infinitive phrases

5)

two noun phrases

6)

two noun phrases

7)

two prepositional phrases

8)

two prepositional phrases

2. Combine each pair of the sentences using the right emphasizing coordinating conjunctions.

1)

The province is strong both in industry and in agriculture. / The province is not only strong in

industry, but also in agriculture.

2)

Relief agencies say the immediate problem is not a lack of food, but transportation.

3)

Generally,

after

working

for

the

company

for

five

years,

young

employees

either

are

promoted or leave.

4)

TV programs for children should not only entertain but also teach.

5)

Obviously, these children are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure

6)

At present, it would be neither practical nor desirable to eliminate examinations altogether.

7)

Asian Americans are playing a more active role in politics than ever before, both at local and

national level.

8)

My uncle believes that in our town sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycle.

9)

Wood flooring not only cleans easily, but is environmentally friendly.

10)

Until

I

read

the

article

I

knew

neither

where

she

was

brought

up

nor

(where

she

was)

educated.

11)

I find the new manager neither easy to get along with nor delightful to talk to.

12)

Contrary to what people had expected, not only did he attend the meeting, but he also spoke

for twenty minutes.

3.

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

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(1) other

(2) best

(3) reason

(4) mental

(5) next

(6) As

(7) take

(8) cool

(9) thinking (10) rest

4.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1)

The premier is leaving for New York for a UN conference tomorrow.

2)

He is to meet the heads of state of several countries during his stay in New York.

3)

What are you going to do during the National Day holidays? Are you going home or staying

on campus?

4)

—

What do you think school will be like in twenty years’ time?

—

I think children will probably learn at home with a mechanical teacher.

5)

Thirty

years

ago,

my

grandparents

never

thought

they

would

be

able

to

move

into

a

two- storey house with all the modern facilities.

6)

What they lack is not money but experience.

7)

They have come to China not only to learn Chinese, but to learn about Chinese culture as

well.

8)

What children want most from their parents are not material things but love and attention.

9)

You may either write your essay in your regular exercise book or do it on your computer.

10)

I’m not quite sure why he didn’t show up. Either he was not interested, or he simply forgot

about it.

11)

A society should respect both its scientists and its garbage collectors.

12)

He is miserly both with his money and with his time.

5.

Identify and correct the mistakes. Note there is no mistake in two of the sentences.

1)

I will phone you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

2)

We can hardly imagine what life will be like in 50 years.

3)

What are we going to do if Edith won’t help us? (No mistake in this sentence. Here “if…will”

is possible when will expresses “willingness”.)

4)

Please be seated, everyone. The show is about to begin. (Use “be about to do sth” to say that

something will happen almost immediately. “Will” is not

used.)

5)

It is predicted that in about ten years’ time, China will be able to send man to the Moon. (“To

be able to do sth” is used to say it is possible for someone or something to do something.)

6)

Drop

in

whenever

you

please.

You’ll

always

be

welcome.

(Adverbs

of

frequency,

such

as

always, usually, often, sometimes, etc, usually go immediately in front of the main verb.)

7)

Neither

his

parents,

nor

his

brother

was

able

to

come

to

his

performance.

(The

main

verb

agrees with the noun phrase introduced by nor.)

8)

Both her friends and her English teacher believe she will win the talent contest.

9)

My father regards creativity both as a gift and as a skill. (Normally, the two items connected

by

emphasizing

coordinating

conjunctions

should

be

expressed

in

the

same

grammatical

form,

here, two prepositional phrases.)

10)

We can either do it now or after class

—it’s up to you. (No mistake. Though the two items

“now”

and

“after

class”

aren’t

the

same

grammatical

form,

this

is

acceptable

because

we

can

regard t

hem as condensed from “We can either do it now or do it after class.” Therefore, the two

items can also be different grammatical forms serving the same grammatical function, here, both

adverbials.)

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Unit 2

Preview

1.

Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1)

racial equality

2)

civil rights; linger on

3)

husband; quite a good husband/very considerate; liberal; racial

4)

considered; unprepared

5)

give his wife; had admitted

6)

found out; pressing

7)

look; argued about such serious matters

8)

perfectly normal; tolerate

9)

are different culturally

10)

culturally and socially; racial segregation

11)

white; married; a perfect stranger

2.

Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.

1)

“pitch

in”

means

“to

join

with

other

people

in

doing

a

job”.

In

the

expression

“to

pitch

a

baseball”, the word “pitch” means “to throw”. “to pitch a tent” means “to put up a tent

支帐篷

.

“pitch dark” means “as dark as pitch”

漆黑

—

pitch means

沥青

“housework” means the work you do to keep your house clean and tidy; “homework” means the

work a teacher gives to a student to do out of class.

2)

After thinking of all aspects of the matter carefully.

We can assume that he would have considered the difficulties and problems he believed it would

bring to his life if he married a black wife.

3)He knew there would be an unpleasant quarrel, and that it was wiser for him just to keep his

mouth shut. This shows that they have had previous serious disagreements. This was not the first

time.

It shows that the man has seldom taken his wife seriously.

4)

“you coming along…and implying…” is the complex object of “need”.

If he weren’t a racist, he would not say no, since his wife is exactly the same person except for her

skin color.

5) No. It is clear that the wife is using an ironical tone.

No. The man is using a common excuse of white racists who try to

justify their prejudice based

on

different

skin

color

by

using

a

seemingly

more

neutral

and

respectable

term

“cultural

differences”

.

6) To show that he found the situation very annoying.

Normally it means “what I say is absolutely true”, but here he means “It is true not because I am

saying it. I have statistics to prove this.”

7) She said it contemptuously.

She was getting angry.

8) Because his wife keeps mimicking him, showing that she thinks what he said was ridiculous

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and hypocritical.

9) Like “Oh boy’ or “My God”, it is to show his Anger, as if saying “Don’t start on that again. I’m

fed up.”

10) Still unmarried.

11) His wife remained angry.

12) to recognize sth as a result of knowledge, Experience or evidence.”

看得出来

She

saw

clearly

that

her

husband

hesitated

before

he

answered

the

question,

and

he

hesitated

because he was trying to get out of this embarrassing situation.

13) She wanted him to give her his true answer.

14) It shows his reluctance to give this answer.

15)Her indifference implies contempt. It would naturally hurt her husband.

16)

“to

be

at

it”

here

means

doing

something

else

that

follows

from

doing

the

primary

thing.

(While he was doing the dishes, doing housework stuff, and he couldn’t think of anything else to

do, he would mop the floor)

No, he was embarrassed and angry too. He continued the housework to cover up his anger and

show his indifference in return.

17) He is ashamed of being made to lose his temper. He thinks it was foolish of him to take his

wife so seriously. He obviously does not view his wife as his intellectual equal.

18) He is going to change his answer.

No, he just wants to humor his wife, and he does not think the issue that important anyway.

19)

He

was

hoping

that

now

that

he

had

said

he

would

marry

her

even

if

she

were

black,

she

would forgive him. When his wife asked him to turn off the light, he expected her to join him. So

he said “All right” meaning “I’ve turned off the light as you asked me to. Come on.”

20) It shows that this was not the first time since they had married that he had felt his wife was a

stranger to him.

V

ocabulary

1.

Do the following exercises on word formation rules.

1)

Identify suffixes through comparing the following words.

(1)

Suffix “–ware”, meaning objects made of a particular material

(2)

Suffix “–ics”, meaning

the science or art of.

(3)

Suffixes “–c” and “–ical”, meaning of, characteristic of, or belonging to.

2)

Turn the following into their opposite by adding “in

-

” or “un

-

”

1.

unjust

2.

injustice

3.

unequal

4.

inequality

5.

unable

6.

inability

7.

invisible

8.

uncountable

9.

unavoidable

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10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

unbelievable

invaluable

insignificant

inseparable

unbalanced

uncomfortable

uncommon

informal

unconditional

inedible

uneatable

unconscious

unaware

inaudible

unavailable

inefficient

unfair

unfamiliar

unfriendly

indirect

unfortunate

ungrateful

inconsiderate

unhappy

unimportant

incompetent

unlucky

unlimited

incomplete

incapable

unnecessary

unreasonable

inappropriate

unpleasant

unofficial

unpopular

inadequate

3

）

Give derivatives of the following words.

(1)

economy: economist;

economic; economical; economically; economize

(2)

critical: critic; critically; criticize criticism

(3)

consider: considerate, inconsiderate, considerable, considerably, consideration, considering

2.

Translate the following collocations into English.

1)

do/wash the dishes

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2)

pinch one’s brows together

3)

repeat one’s words

4)

press one’s lips tight

5

）

squeeze fruits

6)

7)

8)

9)

rinse clothes

spray cool water

take a reasonable tone

take a deep breath

10

）

win a victory

11)

win the argument

12)

demonstrate one’ s indifference

13)

hurt sb’s feelings

14)

wipe the counters

15)

mop the floor.

16)

call sb’s name.

1.

Give antonyms of the following words.

1)

dislike/hate;

2)

unlike

3)

inconsiderate

4)

small/insignificant/average

5)

deep/profound

6)

unreasonable

7)

wise/smart/clever/bright

8)

untrue/false

9)

unsteady/unstable/shaky

10)

heavy/weighty

11) dark/dim

12) loosen

13)

incompetence

14)

keen/interested/enthusiastic/sympathetic

15) material/physical

16)

implicit/implied/general

4.

Rewrite the sentences, replacing the phrases in bold type with the appropriate expressions in

their proper forms.

1)

It’s okay with me; you might as well

2)

You can take my word for it; break up.

3)

came up with the same idea

4)

come to my aid

5)

for our children’s sake

6)

acted out of concern for my health

7)

All things considered

8)

he’s at it; for our part

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9)

pitch in

10)

He wished to make it up to him.

5.

Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions or adverbs.

1)

into; up.

2)

at; in.

3)

out of; for; to

4)

up; for; of

5)

about; out with

6)

about; onto

7)

with; with; to; into; out; with

8)

up; to; at

9)

on; up

6.

Translate the following into English.

1

）

You know what? All things

considered, it’s not a bad idea to be a teacher. As a matter of fact,

I think it is an excellent idea.

2

）

I don’t like it when you take a sarcastic tone the way you just did. You seem to be implying

all the time that I am a good for nothing.

3

）

It is really considerate of my father to leave the final decision to me. I must say I am very

lucky. Not many people have such a terrific father.

4

）

You said you do not want any money. You may not want money, but you do need money. I

don’t see what’s wrong with stude

nts earning some money during their spare time.

5

）

Somehow

this

tune

sounds

very

familiar,

but

I

can’t

recall

what

it

is.

In

any

case

it

is

a

Russian folk song.

6

）

Besides the usual weekend housework, I also have a whole pile of homework to do tomorrow.

It

’s really terrible.

7

）

To demonstrate our unhappiness over the recent dispute, we put off our Foreign Minister’s

visit indefinitely.

8

）

It’s getting dark. The next town is still two hours drive away. We might as well camp in the

forest, pitch a tent, build a fire, and have a good sleep before we continue our journey tomorrow.

9

）

I am really shocked to hear people say they do not consider cheating at exams shameful. Isn’t

that the most shameful thing that we should be incapable of feeling ashamed?

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Grammar

1.

Learn to use “the way” with relative clauses.

1.

Point out the function of the noun phrase in the following sentences.

1)

adverbial modifier (

状语

)

2)

predicative (

表语

)

3)

object of the verb like (

宾语

)

4)

object of in (

介词宾语

)

5)

subject (

主语

)

2.

Combine

each

pair

of

the

sentences

using,

“the

way

+

relative

clause”

as

shown

in

the

example.

1)

Bill’s friends were impressed by the way he faced his incurable disease.

2)

The way the stranger looked at me made me uncomfortable.

3)

The way the man used a

screwdriver showed that he couldn’t be a carpenter.

4)

Watch your teacher’s lips carefully and say the word the way she does.

5)

I agree with what he said, but I can’t tolerate the way he said it.

6)

People are anxiously watching the way things will work out in their country.

7)

The way the dispute between labor and management was settled surprised the public.

8)

The way the policeman discussed the case with the criminals’ parents convinced them that

they should cooperate.

9)

From the way he walked, I could tell that something was wrong with his leg.

Or. The way he walked showed that something was wrong with his leg.

10)

The way they talked to her made her suspect that they were keeping something from her.

2.

Rewrite the sentences using the “with + noun +

preposition phrase / participle / adjective”

construction.

1)

Professor Liu walked into the classroom with a few books under his arm.

2)

The old man was dozing off in an armchair with a magazine on his lap.

3)

Under the bridge, the police found a man lying dead, with a knife in his chest.

4)

He walked out of his boss’s office with his head held high.

5)

When a guest arrived, the hostess greeted him/her politely, with a smile on her face.

6)

In

September,

the

school

came

to

life

again,

with

children

playing

and

running

on

the

playground.

7)

With the Moon Festival only a month away, shops are promoting their moon cakes.

8)

With their children gown up and gone, the old couple sometimes feel lonely.

9)

With all the packing finished, the family could now sit down and have some tea.

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10)

With a big bag on her shoulder, the old woman moved slowly in the snow.

3.

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

(1) used

(2) friendly

(3) both

(4) sorry

(5) remind

(6) mean

(7)

depends

(8) shocked

(9) phone

(10) arm

4.

Translate

the

sentences

using

“the

way

+

relative

clause”

or

“with

+

noun

+

complement”

phrase.

1)

That was the way people lived their lives in my day.

2)

Mrs. Jones loved her students the way she loves her own children.

3)

The farmer’s wife doesn’t

like the way some young people treat their parents.

4)

With Big Yao on the team, I’m sure they’ll beat their rivals.

5)

The man was sitting in his armchair, with his face buried in his hands.

6)

With the TV on, he found it hard to concentrate on his homework.

7)

The way people helped him during his journey when he had no money convinced the writer

that people can still depend on strangers.

8)

With the price of cabbages soaring, they decided to increase imports from other countries

9)

The way these young people organized campus activities showed their leadership qualities

10)

He

stood

with

his

arms

stretched

out

as

a

customs

officer

searched

him

with

a

portable

scanner.

5.

Identify and correct the mistakes. Note there is no mistake in two of the sentences.

1)

Neither his parents nor his teacher believes that the boy lied.

2)

I don’t think the husband in the story is racist. / In my opinion, the husband in the story isn’t

a racist.

3)

Everybody was shocked by the terrible news. (There’s no mistake.)

4)

The couple discussed interracial marriage while doing the dishes.

5)

The wife said there was nothing wrong with whites marrying blacks. (There’s no mistake.)

6)

Few young people bother to know when and where their grandparents were born.

7)

When she received our present, she sent a thank-you note immediately.

8)

He walked out of the chairman’s office, with a smile on his face.

9)

The boy doesn’t know what wheat looks like before it becomes bread.

10)

When the movie was over, the old woman remained in her seat with tears running down her

face.

Unit 3

Preview

2.

Read the text for the better comprehension and answer the questions.

1)

Here it means in the countryside.

2)

It is difficult to tell the difference between the root crops you buy from stores and those you

grow yourself in your garden.

Note:

(1) root crops: What are grown so that the roots can be used for food, such as carrots.

(2)

tell apart: Recognize the difference between two people or things that are very similar.

(3) when store bought:

when they are bought in stores

3)

having a particular effect or influence

在起作用

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................

It refers to the back-breaking labor human beings pretend to do in a game. (Does he not refer

to

pretence

as

back-breaking?

Maybe

as

when

a

very

sick

person

pretends

to

be

well

to

save

someone worry?)

4) It means that he thought about it very calmly and carefully before he made this decision never

to plant it again. He was exaggerating of course.

5

）

waft through: float through the air in a gentle way, said of smell or noise

6

）

It means “s

eriously intend to do what you say you will do.

7

）

The worms were slowing coming out of the melting soil and they were delicious food for the

birds of course. (And he was thinking it was delicious too, because it meant the end of winter and

he could begin to garden.)

8

）

a piece of land for a particular purpose

“Conflict” here refers to the struggle in his mind. (No. I think it is the sense of conflict with the

earth required to make a garden that he likes?)

9

）

Sparingly:

Broadcast:

10

）

in small quantities

节约地。少量地

sow seeds over a wide area, especially by hand

“neurotic” means “ extremely worried about something unimportant in a way that seems

unreasonable to other people. The author is using this in a self-mocking tone.

11)Also,

your

natural

tendency

to

act

as

a

kind

and

caring

father

or

mother

begins

to

have

an

effect.

12)

as it were: used for making a description sound less definite or less exact (well, used to make

a comparison

–

gardener as parent? A kind of personification of the growing things)

在某种程度上可以说

turn upon you: Here, “turn upon/on sb” means “attack sb suddenly and

without warning”

13)

occupation: a job or employment, but here: a way of spending your time; a pastime

14)

Here,

a

pointed

piece

of

wood

or

metal

etc

for

driving

into

the

ground

as

a

mark

or

for

holding a rope etc

15)

slight differences in degree of green

16)

pocket: a small area different from the areas around it

personal reassurance: sth that makes a person feel less worried

thrusting life: life that is moving forward quickly and powerfully

17)

an extension of oneself: the further growth or development of a person

Paraphrase:

Gardening

has

to

be

another

place

where

people

continue

to

work

hard

to

achieve

something.

18)

character: the qualities that make up a person’s personali

ty

character-

building: helping to develop one’s character

性格锻炼；品德培养。

The

author

is

可以说；

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................

now openly expressing the belief that gardening is an extremely important occupation, something

human

beings

have

been

doing

since

Adam

and

Eve’s

time.

The

final

sentence

is

ironical

and

humorous, referring to how they disobeyed God and was driven out of the Garden.

V

ocabulary

1.

Do the following exercises on word formation rules.

1)

Translate the following compound words and study how they are composed.

1.

累人的

/

繁重的

2.

耗费时间的

3.

炼性格

/

培养人品

4.

立法

5.

救火

6.

找工作

/

求职

7.

保护脸面的

8.

维和

9.

捣乱分子

10.

止疼药

11.

摘棉工人

12.

筹集资金的人

13.

算命先生

14.

管家

15.

银行老板

16.

自欺欺人

17.

自尊

18.

自信

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19.

自制力

20.

自我牺牲

21.

自己的利益；

22.

自我保护

/

自卫

23.

自律

24.

店里买的

25.

手写的

26.

自家做的

27.

敌人占领的

28.

铺满白雪的

29.

四周为陆地包围的

30.

空降的

31.

包着糖衣的

32.

镀金的

2)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Give the corresponding nouns of the following verbs.

enrollment

maintenance

exposure

entrance;

assumption

average

consumption

involvement

success/succession

revival

implication

reception

deception

conception/concept

perception

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16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

3)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

2.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

1.

2.

3.

4.

graduation

penetration

cultivation

generation

appreciation

congratulation

celebration

frustration

Give the corresponding verbs of the following nouns.

pursue

continue

accomplish

exist

encourage

occupy

compensate

conflict

compose

spare

reassure

extend

conceive

Give synonyms or antonyms to the following words.

Synonyms

determine/decide

smell/odor

stop/end/quit/discontinue

ray

destroy

job/w ork/trade/profession/career/pursuit

huge/immense/enormous/great

choke

wet/moist

reward/pay/payment/gain

strangle

shine/glitter

view/sight

reawaken/bring back to life

Antonyms

unnoticeable

unromantic

unload

unwillingness

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5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

3.

useful/meaningful/sensible/advisable

maternal

immoral

consumer

quality

tolerable

dishonesty

Translate the following verb+noun collocations into Chinese.

1.

为这行动找个理由

2.

为走这一步找个理由

3.

为自己找个理由

4.

当真；不开玩笑

5.

提高

/

改善质量

6.

提高生活水平

7.

改良土壤

8.

毁灭这个星球

9.

毁了健康

10.

葬送了机会

11.

毁了前途

12.

毁了庄稼

13.

勒死

/

绞死一个人

14.

使曀住；使窒息

15.

吊死；执行绞刑

16.

培育植物

17.

重新燃起希望

18.

重新振作精神

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19.

重新激发起兴趣

20.

培养品德；锻炼性格

4.

Rewrite the sentences, replacing the phrases in bold type with the appropriate expressions in

their proper forms.

1)

in massive numbers regardless of; In some cases

2)

depended on nothing but

3)

tell apart cast aside

4)

it would

be the Boxers’ Rebellion all over again

5

）

at work; wormed his way into

6)

the different shades of meaning

7)

come into play

8)

goes for

9)

are well aware of the vast quantities of; ruining; means business

5.

Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions or adverbs.

1)

of

2)

but

3)

apart

4)

into;

after;

to;

all over again

5)

but;

upon

6)

into;

of; at

7)

apart; aside;

for

6.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1)

Health care must be available to all citizens regardless of their differences. We cannot justify

the policy that denies the care to the large population living in the country.

2)

They claim to have discovered a universal law which applies to all nations.

3)

I often made a fool of myself when I was living with my uncle on

his farm. When asked to get rid of the weed in the rice fields, for example, I often failed to tell

apart the weed and the rice seedlings.

4)

Why go there today? I’d much rather we stay until the snow ceases.

5)

Rice requires large quantities of water and many scientists warn us that even if we use our

water sparingly, the day will inevitably come when we will be fighting over limited supplies of

water resources.

6)

There has been quite a noticeable change in recent years. We no longer lean on export for

economic growth. We now tend to put more emphasis on home consumption.

7)

Today’s tendency is to give little kids too many tests and exams until they are no good for

anything but taking exams.

8)

It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of papers annually regardless of

their quality. Besides, this is a demand even Einstein would not have been able to meet.

Grammar

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1.

Study the use of noun clauses introduced by wh- words.

1.

Point out the function of each of the noun clauses.

A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. Noun clauses can be used:

a) as (direct) object of verbs, as in 1), 2), 5), 7), 10);

b) after the link verb be as predictive (

表语

), as in 4), 6), 8), 9)

c) after an adjective such as (a person is) sure, certain, positive, (it is) amazing/ strange/funny, etc.

as in 3)

d) as subject, as in:

What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. (para. 2, Unit 8, Book 1)

e) after certain prepositions as object, as in

They seldom give advance notice about which school they are going to inspect.

Other wh-words that are used to introduce a noun clause: who, whom, whose

2.

Rewrite each (pair) of the sentences using a noun clause introduced by a wh- word.

1)

what has brought you to Paris

2)

how much he loved him

3)

when and why you started your own business and how you went about setting it up

4)

why he survived and most of his fellow travelers haven’t

5)

when we occasionally came in summer

6)

why the whales beach themselves

7)

How the pilot managed to bring the plane down safely

8)

what steps the Ministry of Railways will take to prevent a similar accident.

9)

disagreement on when it should be held.

10)

who the driver was

2.

Learn to use the gerund.

1.

Point out the function of each gerund in the sentences.

1)

digging up: object of started. it has an object and adverbial modifier of its own; doing: object

of preposition before

2)

sending: subject of the sentence, it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own; it

being an impersonal pronoun that stan

d for “sending…”

3)

keeping: subject which has an object: a garden

4)

binding: predictive (

表语

)

，

it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own

5)

6)

7)

8)

2.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

saying: object of preposition instead of

striving: subject of the relative clause introduced by where

hoping: object of ease, which has an object clause

reviving: object of preposition of; it has an object and adverbial modifier

Rewrite the sentences using the gerund.

Missing the flight means waiting for hours for the next.

He never mak

es an important decision without asking his parents’ advice.

I’ll return the book to you as soon as I finish reading it.

Never enter anyone’s office without knocking.

He tried very hard to avoid saying anything that might displease his sick father.

Instead of trying to reduce costs, they raised prices and cut production,

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7)

He has many good qualities besides being one of the most gifted chess players in the world.

8)

Many

of

us

may

be

eating

food

containing

GM

ingredients

(

含有转基因成分的食物

)

without realizing it.

3.

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

(1) looks

(2) given

(3) deep

(4) upward

(5) reward

(6) differ

(7) while

(8) rains

(9) shade (10) growing

4.

Translate the sentences, using a noun clause beginning with a wh- word or a gerund.

1)

Do you know how computers work?

2)

Anyone can do what I’m doing.

3)

That’s exactly where you’re wrong.

4)

It is almost impossible to visit Hangzhou without falling in love with the city.

5)

That was why she returned to China at age 72/the age of 72.

6)

How they broke into overseas markets still remains a mystery to us.

7)

Find out who she is, where she came from, and what she has been sent here for.

8)

On his first day at school, the boy came to realized what lay ahead of him.

9)

Education must sow the seeds of wisdom, besides implanting knowledge and skills.

10)

They advised people touring the area to avoid to go out alone after dark.

11)

One

of

her

job/part

of

her

work

is

teaching

young

people

how

to

handle

personal

relationships.

12)

Making promises without keeping them is not considered a good practice.

5.

Identify and correct the mistakes. Note there is no mistake in two of the sentences.

1)

The CEO left through the backdoor to avoid being seen by striking employees.

2)

Robert wanted his father to know how much he loved his father.

3)

Would you mind my opening the window during the break?

4)

Sit down and tell us when and where you last saw the wanted man. (No mistake)

5)

I wonder why he should lie to me

—I’m his best friend after all.

I wonde

r why he should lie to me; I’m his best friend after all.

I wonder why he should lie to me. After all I’m his best friend.

6)

With her salary, how she managed to buy a big house is a mystery to all his friends.

7)

Had he not been careless, he would have done better in the exam.

8)

He gave a detailed account of what had happened on that particular night. (No mistake)

9)

Professor Lin advised me to read more extensively. / Professor Lin suggested that I read more

extensively.

10)

Would you describe what the attacker looks like?

Unit 4

Preview

1.

Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1)

an air crash; Washington; 1982

2

）

terrible

crash;

jet

plane;

Washington

National

Airport;

bridge;

Potomac;

sank;

in

icy-cold

water; four; survive

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3)

great damage and loss of life; special; tears; helicopter team; to pick up survivors; “the man

in the water”

4)

courage and noble character; nature; to the occasion

5)

pride; the moral power

2.

Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.

1)

The

unusual

element

is

the

bridge,

because

normally,

air

crashes

do

not

involve

a

bridge.

Note: The word “element” here means factor or a basic part of sth complicated..

2)

City of form and rules means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly

turned

into

its

opposite

and

became

chaotic,

turned

into

a

state

of

complete

disorder

and

confusion.

A blast of real winter: Blast means a sudden strong movement of wind or air. The two metals here

refer to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal.

3)

From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash, because the plane was blue

and green, the river was black, and the chunks of ice were grey.

Perhaps people did not see failure in it at all. They only saw the triumph of human nature over the

elements.

5) Here the

human nature and

natural powers are in conflict.

6

）

“Rise to the occasion”: Deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult.

“Groping

and

struggling”

refers

to

the

fact

that

normally

it

is

human

instinct

to

grope

for

something to hang on to and struggle for life.

7)

The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes…, are able to account for

their behavior.”

“Account for”:

give a satisfactory explanation

8)

“in the line of duty”: while working; while on duty

9) Skutnic added that somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under

the

circumstances,

but

although

the

sentiment

has

been

repeated

by

many

heroes,

it

is

still

admirable.

10)

It

means

the

main

reason

for

the

emotional

impact

or

the

person

who

caused

the

greatest

emotional impact.

11) “mass casualty”: a great number of people injured and killed in an accident or battle. The word

“mass” here is an

adjective, meaning affecting a lot of people.

Also mass murder; mass killings;

mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement.

“commitment”:

a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it.

12)

As

his

name

remained

unknown,

it

made

him

a

sort

of

symbol,

a

symbol

of

what

human

beings can do when they are at their best.

13) “listening to …” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate

of

the

main

clause

“sitting”;

“tell

…”

and

“saying

..”

are

both

part

of

the

complex

object

of

“listening to”; and “to fasten …” is part of the complex object of “tell”.

14) in the essential, classic circumstance: in the most basic and typical circumstance

15) the age-old battle between humans and nature

16) go at each other:

fight each other violently

act on distinctions: act according to the distinction between good and evil; act according to moral

principles

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17) It means that when the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in

the

same

way

he

seemed

to

be

also

saving

the

lives

of

those

who

watched

him,

making

them

understand life’s true meaning.

18) “hold it to a standoff”:

make nature unable to win the battle immediately

迫使自然接受 在

和人的斗争中的僵持局面，使它不能马上得逞。

V

ocabulary

1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules.

1) Turn the following into their opposite by adding in- or im-:

1.

incompetence

2.

immoral

3.

impossible

4.

incomplete

5.

impersonal

6.

incredible

7.

indirect

8.

immovable

9.

immortal

10.

impolite

11.

informal

12.

improper

13.

impartial

14.

impatient

15.

incorrect

16.

incapable

17.

insignificant

18.

impractical

19.

imperfect ;

20.

insensitive

21.

impermissible

22.

impenetrable

23.

indifferent

24.

immovable

25.

invisible

26.

immodest

27.

immature

28.

invaluable

29.

invariable

30.

immeasurable

2

）

Guess the meaning of the following suffixes.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

(1)

-ee

Referee; employee; payee; divorcee; trainee

(2)

-eer

volunteer; pioneer; engineer; profiteer;

(3)

-ess

Stewardess; actress; conductress; tigress; lioness; duchess; countess; mistress; princess; hostess;

3)

Translate the following expressions paying special attention to the compound nouns in bold

type made of verbs+adverbs.

1.

经济起飞

2.

欢送会

3.

梦想复辟

4.

可耻的出卖

5.

后续讨论

6.

产品用后就扔的现代经济

7.

脸上涂脂抹粉化妆品用得太多

8.

严重的精神崩溃

9.

给了个表示许可的信号

10.

怀疑这是有意掩盖真相

11.

我们叫个外买吧

12.

在那个军事接管以后

13.

给学生一些讲义

14.

改革的好处

15.

这联盟最后的破裂

16.

学校中途撤学的人

17.

第二天清晨仍能感觉酒后头昏

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

18.

出来参加投票的人不多

2

．

Give the opposite of the following words.

1)

employer

2)

unfasten

3)

bad/evil

4)

unidentified

5)

concerned/caring/interested/sympathetic

6)

immovable

7)

impersonal

8)

irresponsible

9)

selfishness

10)

individual/personal/specific/private

11)

shallow

12)

undress

13)

slightly/somewhat/in part

14)

deny

15)

bridegroom

3.

Translate the following Chinese into English.

1)

air crashes/air collision and other natural disasters

2)

human nature and character

3)

the tail section of a jet plane

4)

huge chunks of ice

5)

flotation ring

6)

fasten the seat belt

7)

cultural conflict

/clash

8)

Flight 911

9)

mechanic failure

10)

human tragedy

11)

harsh remarks

12) make a distinction between good and evil

13)

presidential monuments

14)

typical/classic circumstance

15)

universal character

16)

public hero

17)

emotional impact

18)

moment of high traffic (peak)

19)

enduring wonder

20)

Air Florida

21)

Congressional Budget Office

22)

mass casualties

4.

Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.

1)

refer to; known as

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

2)

in reality; as ever; responsible for

3)

brought; to tears; sticks

4) worth; refer to; On the other hand; make a careful distinction

5)

came to the conclusion; for the

6)

takes off on behalf of

7)

to be sure; care about; rise to the occasion

8)

responsible for; account for

5.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.

1)

to

；

as

2)

on; to

3)

to; of

4)

on; in; under

5)

according to; over

6)

with; at; at

7)

against; for; to

8)

on; to

9)

on; to

10)

In/Owing to/Because of; of

6.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1)

The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable crash made him a national hero.

2)

Of the four students who risked their lives to try to drag the drowning children to shore, two

never returned.

3)

The Japanese are known for their long life span. They believe they owe this to their eating

habits/composition of their diet, which contains a lot of fish products.

4)

I know Harris. I couldn’t imagine a man like him making such stupid remarks.

5)

After testing her loyalty many times, he was now going to give her the most dangerous task.

6)

I hear that Lincoln delivered an extremely powerful speech on that occasion. Whatever did he

actually say?

7)

That

this

time

they

must

be

ready

to

challenge

death

was

clear

to

everybody.

But

no

one

regretted this move.

8)

As accidents go/As far as accidents are concerned, there was nothing out of the ordinary: a

crazy young man drives a car on a university campus and kills a young woman student. What is

unusual

is

the

fact

that

the

man

dares

to

challenge

the

people

who

want

to

take

him

to

court

because his father is a local police officer.

9)

Every time/Whenever we decide on a financial policy, we have to make a clear distinction

between short-term interests and long-term interests.

10)

Although it was early October, people could already be seen driving across the frozen river.

Grammar

1.

Learn to use the appositive clause.

1. Study the clauses introduced by that and say which are appositive clauses and which are the

relative clauses.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

Explanatory notes:

a.

The appositive clause is one that explains the meaning of the previous noun.

b.

The “noun + appositive clause” functions as a noun (phrase), and like a noun (phrase), it is

used as subject, objects, and predicative.

c.

The “noun + appositive clause” form is used as the object of prepositions and of verbs that

cannot be followed by a simple that- clause.

d.

Only a small number of nouns can be followed by an appositive clause. Among such verbs

are fact, feeling, idea, news, opinion, order, suggestion.

1)

appositive clause in apposition to (

与

……

同位

) “the fact”

2)

relative clause modifying “the jets …”

3)

relative clause modifying “every hero’s line”

4)

appositive clause in apposition to “the fact”

5)

appositive cl

ause in apposition to “proof”

6)

relative clause modifying “something”

7)

appositive clause in apposition to “the conclusion”

8)

appositive clauses in apposition to “the fact”

2. Respond to or rewrite each of the remarks, using an appositive clause and the words in brackets.

1)

The boy’s fear that he would fail the examination was totally groundless.

2)

I have a feeling that the farmer’s wife doesn’t like the way some young peo

ple behave.

3)

A year after the plane crash, the couple still clung to the hope that their son would one day

return home.

4)

I think the police’s opinion that the victim was partly responsible for theft is ridiculous.)

5)

The

international

community

welcomes

the

news

that

the

two

countries

have

decided

to

return to the negotiating table.

6)

A lot of scientists don’t think the result of their research is absolute proof that global warming

isn’t really happening.

7)

Ted decided to join the team, for he came to the conclusion that he had more to gain than

lose.

8)

Our

department

head

seems

to

have

accepted

the

fact

that

women

generally

have

better

communication skills.

2.

Complete

each

of

the

sentences

with

an

indefinite

pronoun

beginning

with

any/every/some/n

o, adding ’s or else(’s) where necessary.

1.

Using anybody/anyone, somebody/someone, everybody/everyone, nobody/no one.

1) anybody (usually in questions) / somebody (when you expect a “yes” answer

2) anybody else’s

3) Everybody

4) everyone, Nobody

5) no one else

6) No one

7) anyone (in questions)

8) someone else

9) Everyone, no one

10) Nobody

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

2.

Using anything, something, everything, nothing.

1)

everything

2)

something (when “yes” is expected) /anything

3)

nothing

4)

something, anything

5)

something

6)

nothing

7) anything

8) Something, anything

9)

something

(10) nothing

3.

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

(1) made

(2) while

(3) scheduled

(4) took

(5) takeoff

(6) by

(7) But (8) dangerous

(9) turn

(10) Something

4.

Translate the sentences using an appositive clause.

1)

The fact that he is somebody’s relative won’t change our opinion of him.

2)

The wives of the miners trapped in the pit for three days were overjoyed by the news that

their men had all been rescued.

3)

We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.

4)

There’s little hope that the patient will survive.

5)

The faculty shares the opinion that the majority of this year’s freshmen are promising.

6)

In

spite

of

our

economic

growth,

we

should

bear/keep

in

mind

the

fact

that

ours

is

still

a

developing country.

7)

We should hear his explanation before we jump to the conclusion that he’s to blame.

8)

There aren’t many people who still cling to the idea that man should conquer nature rat

her

than live in harmony with it.

5.

Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.

1)

Everyone in our class went to the international book fair.

2)

Every one of their new products became popular soon after it was launched.

3)

The Chinese Delegation expressed the hope that the two sides would soon stop fighting in the

area.

4)

I don’t like the way (in which) he speaks to his patients.

5)

Is there anyone in the office?

6)

I think it was the director’s fault, and nobody else is responsible for th

e disaster.

7)

Has anyone got anything important to say?

8)

Lee Ying can’t be in the library. I saw her going to the sports ground just a moment ago.

9)

If the firefighters hadn’t been caught in a traffic jam, they would have arrived an hour early.

10)

Not only did the medical team save many earthquake victims, but they also helped them to

recover from the shock.

Unit 5

Preview

1.

Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1. More and more impatient; happen; hurry

; fast food; fast photos; entertainment; news; seek; quick fix; do it now; get it over and done

with

3. saving; spending; save more time

4. better; balance; put the brakes; slow down

2.

Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

1.

Because they were driving too fast to see the cows clearly.

“be reduced to”:

be made smaller in size, amount, or importance

2.

此处缺解释

3.

It refers

to the idea that in order to be happy in future we have to put up with the present

difficulties and hardships. In other words, the present self-denial is for the later gratification in our

life.

4.

“…for a rainy day”: (You save something or put something away) for a time in the future

when you may need it.

5.

We are talking about the weighing scal

e here. “waiting patiently for the scale to drop” means

waiting for the scale to show you have succeeded in losing some weight.

6.

“liposuction” : a medical operation to remove fat from a part of someone’s body (lipo

- : fat;

suck: to pull some liquid to some place)

7.

“This impatience is like a widespread disease that has many effects on our lives.

8.

“agree with somebody” here means “ does not make somebody feel ill”.

“fast relief”: some medicine that can help you get rid of the pain or discomfort imme

diately.

9.

The bald eagle is the national bird of the U.S. and therefore is also known as the American

eagle.

10. “theme” here means a short tune that is repeated in a longer piece of music. “da

-da-da-

Dum”

is the famous powerful theme of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. It is suggested to be Beethoven’s

memory of his childhood when his father would come to knock at his door to remind him it was

time to practice.

Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony is translated into Chinese as

命运交响曲。

11.

“pre

-

digested”:

(said of information) already put in a form that is simpler and therefore

easier

to

understand.

The

word

“digest”

means

消化

in

Chinese

Therefore

“predigested’

reading

matter

is

like

“

别人嚼过的馒头

”.

Nobody

in

their

right

mind

would

like

that

kind

of

food.

12. We used to enjoy having many relatives and friends around, and we are happy to spend time

on

them

and

show

our

concern,

but now

we

all

seem

to

be

in

such

a

hurry

in

our

life

that

our

world becomes smaller and smaller.

13. Instead of spending more time with our loved ones as we should, we now only set aside a few

hours and meanwhile deceive ourselves that we are giving our best time (quality time) to them.

14. No. She wrote this article to warn people not to go too fast. She hoped that we would all think

more

carefully

about

the

serious

consequences

if

we

are

looking

for

quick

solutions

to

our

problems all the time.

V

ocabulary

1.

Do the following exercises on word formation rules.

1.

Study the following words and find out what the following prefixes mean.

The prefix

“super

-

” means ____________________________________.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

The prefix “pre

-

” means ______________________________________.

The prefix “micro

-

“ means:_____________________________________

The prefix “bi

-

“ means: ________________________________________

The pref

ix “inter

-

“ means: _____________________________________

2.

Translate into Chinese the words in bold type.

(1)

超人

(2)

超级明星；

超自然的

(3)

洲际的；超级公路

(4)

预计；芯片

/

集成电路；超级计算机

(5)

半月刊

;

预先安排好的

(6)

工业化前的；微生物学；显微镜

(7)

学前的；

史前的

(8)

预先确定的

(9)

过早的；先决条件

(10)

互相关联的；互动

3. Study the following compound words.

an “all

-you-can-

eat”

farm

restaurant;

a “we

-want-it-all-and-we-want- it-

now” lifestyle;

an “I

-hate-to-

wait” kind of attitude;

a wait-and-see policy;

an “I

- told

–

you-

so” kind of look;

4.

Give the adjective forms of the following nouns and verbs.

1) attentive

2) personal

3) convenient

4) symbolic

5) favorable, favorite

6) true, truthful

7) impatient

8) weighty

9) informative

10) devoted

11) massive

12) moved, moving

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

13) medical, medicinal

14) pervasive

15) musical

2.

Translate the following Chinese into English.

1)

fast food

2)

best seller

3)

homemade bread

4)

musical excerpts

5)

express mail

6)

life style

7)

personal relationship

8)

mass movement

9)

subtle changes

10) pastoral scenery

11) rear-view mirror

12) exit sign

13) Civil War battlefield

14) horse carriages

15) antique cars

16) factory outlets

17) quality time

18) deferred gratification

19) credit card

20) ready-made clothes

21) automatic teller machine

22) convenience store

23) Polaroid camera

24) current affairs

25) news briefings

26) Fifth Symphony

27) classic novels

3.

Rewrite the sentences below using the expressions given in the brackets.

1)

We have decided to slow down in our economic growth so as to devote ourselves more to the

improvement of people’s living standard.

2)

Lucy is good at swimming. More often than not she can win a prize in a contest.

3)

My sister said that she wanted to be on her own instead of working for that company any

longer, but she had not saved up enough for capital. She wondered if I could help her out.

4)

Thanks to government policy that the unemployment rate has dropped. It was reduced to less

than four percent for the first half of the year.

5)

Joe was crazy about the raw fish and he stuffed himself with it. That night, the fish didn’t

agree with him, and he had a terrible stomachache. Finally he had to go to the hospital for quick

relief.

6)

I am getting sick and tired of this unpleasant job. We have been lingering over it

for almost

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

a week. Let’s finish it today somehow to get it over and done with.

7)

The new president ordered professors to double their publications in three years hoping that

that would make the school more famous. Well, he sped out of control.. Teaching suffered because

the

professors

did

not

have

enough

time

to

devote

to

it.

The

quality

of

their

publications

also

suffered and so did the professors’ health.

4.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.

1)

up; out

2)

down; at

3)

up

4)

aside/away; out of; with

5)

On; with.

6)

with; off.

7)

in; out

8)

in; of; on

9)

into; around; at

10)

out; in

5.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1

）

The government will have to decide when and how to put brakes on the economy before it

speeds out of control.

2

）

Why waste money building an airport in the middle of nowhere? We must not ignore the fact

that what people here need most is clean water and clean air.

3

）

They thought they might take a different route on their return trip so as to explore the great

canyon in Tibet.

4

）

She traveled around the world and came back home quite a changed person, educated and

greatly revitalized.

5

）

There is no easy fix for our social problems. We should explore all possibilities and move one

step at a time.

6

）

All old traditions die a slow and lingering death. Customs and habits that have taken so long

to form can’t be expected to disappear overnight.

7

）

Madam

Chang

was

considered

a

pioneer

who

advocated

combining

classic

Chinese

music

with Western music.

8

）

I was so stunned when I heard the news, that for quite some time I didn’t know what to say.

9

）

The soldiers are learning how to survive in the wilderness.

10

）

I’ll go there with you if you insist. But really I won’t be much help to you.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

11

）

Grammar

1.

Point out the difference between the gerund and the infinitive when they are used as objects

after the same verb.

1)

try doing sth: to do sth to see if it works or will be successful

2)

try to do sth: to make an effort or take action to do sth that you may not be able to do

3)

like doing sth: to enjoy doing sth, referring to a general preference

4)

like to do sth: to want or prefer to do sth, referring a particular case

5)

begin to do sth:

6)

begin doing sth:

Note: A number of verbs can have either a gerund or a to-infinitive as object with little difference

in

meaning.

They

include:

attempt,

begin,

bother,

continue,

fear,

hate,

love,

prefer,

start,

etc.

However, when these verbs are used in a continuous tense, they take a to-infinitive as object, e.g.

I’m beginning to like the food here.

Some township enterprises are continuing to expand.

Verbs

that

often

take

a

gerund

as

their

object:

admit,

advise,

avoid,

deny,

enjoy,

fancy,

(can’t/couldn’t) help, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, etc.

Verbs

that

can

have

a

to-infinitive

as

their

object:

agree,

decide,

hope,

offer,

promise,

choose,

expect, intend, mean, plan, refuse, fail, manage, pretend, tend, want, etc

7)

regret doing sth: to feel sorry about sth you did or did not do

8)

regret to do sth: formal used in writing to express sad feelings about sth that is disappointing

or unpleasant

9)

stop doing sth: not to continue what you had been doing

10)

stop to do sth: to stop (doing one thing) so as to do another

(Note: Here “to do sth” is an adverbial of purpose, not an object.)

11)

mean doing sth: to have or represent a particular meaning

12)

mean to do sth: to intend to do sth

2.

Practice using the gerund and the to-infinitive.

1.

Complete the statements or questions using the gerund or the infinitive form of the verb in

brackets.

1) to live

2)living, living

3)

arguing

4)

to watch

5) pretending

6)to perform

7) trying

8)

Settling down

2. Translate, choosing between the gerund and the to-infinitive.

1)

Remember to bring your ID with you when you go to the airport.

2)

I remember feeling greatly disappointed after my first job interview.

3)

Finally they decided to apologize to the passengers for what had happened. at the airport.

4)

I’m sorry that I clean forgot to pass the message to Big Li.

5)

At midday we stop to have lunch in a fast food restaurant.

6)

I stopped listening about the disaster on the radio, but I was too shocked to move out of the

chair.

3.

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

(1) not

(2) affect

(3) signs

(4) passing

(5) depend

(6) providing

(7) lack

(8) Whether

(9) only

(10) on

4.

Learn to recognize and use various forms of attributive modifiers (

定语

).

1.

Identify

the

grammatical

form

of

the

underlined

attributive

modifiers

in

the

sentences

and

note their position.

The attributive modifiers are all placed after the nouns they qualify.

Their grammatical form:

1)

prepositional phrase

2)

adjective phrase

3)

three to-infinitive phrases

4)

past participle phrase

5)

present participle phrase

6)

adjective

2.

Translate

the

Chinese

in

brackets

using

the

grammatical

forms

as

shown

in

the

above

six

sentences.

1)

something important to say

2)

known as a nation on wheels

3)

as well-informed about Beijing opera as Anna

4)

called the sixth generation of Chinese directors

5)

living and working overseas/abroad/in foreign countries

6)

with a big nose and big hands

7)

sitting in the corner

8)

to play center forward (AmE) /central forward (BrE) on the university team

9)

anything particular to do

10)

all the things mentioned above

5.

Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.

1)

Those who refused to work for the invaders were sent to concentration camps.

2)

I don’t remember seeing the man anywhere

before.

3)

Some day they will bitterly regret having done what they did.

4)

The teacher didn’t leave the shaking building until all his students had.

5)

It wasn’t long before an ambulance arrived and rushed the injured man to a nearby hospital.

6)

In the library, a friend of mine found the book I wanted.

(The original sentence might indicate the writer wanted the book in the library. If the writer meant

the book was found in the library, the adverbial in the library is misplaced.)

7)

I wouldn’t believe it

unless I saw it with my own eyes.

8)

Whatever your feelings may be, don’t let them interfere with your work.

9)

Shrieking and stumbling, the residents rushed out of the burning house.

(Errors in original sentence:

a.

dangling participles: a burning house cannot shriek and stumble

b.

rush out of: used as a transitive verb, which is wrong)

10)

The

American

journalist

who

taught

News

Reporting

at

our

university

three

years

ago

is

coming again next semester.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

Unit 6

Preview

2.

Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.

1)

His father may have been a diplomat or the representative of some government agency

or business company.

“…he go” is correct. This is in the subjunctive mood. We can use “go” or “should go” for all

persons.

2)

It m

eans “pretending to be Robin Hood” here.

3)

“I stayed alone because in this way I did not have to force myself to say goodbye to my new

friends the next time we had to move.”

Forming attachments means “forming friendship”

4)

Unintentionally. The opposite is “by design”, a formal expression meaning “deliberately”

有

意地。

5)

The part “We had been in England…” describes the background when something happened.

Note

：

In the following sentences, the “when clause” suggests that some

thing happens

suddenly.

又如：

We had just left when the police came to arrest us.

我们刚走警察就来抓我们了。

He had just gone to bed when the earth began to tremble.

他刚

上床地就突然颤动

起来。

I was having my breakfast when the bell rang.

我正在吃早饭，铃就突然响了。

No. It means the land and the buildings on it.

6)

It means a group or growth of tall trees or plants.

7)

He is using these words metaphorically.

Note the expression “with… for…”

8)

“Introduce”: bring in some animal or plant to a country for the first time.

9)

“case”:

container;

“figure”: a sculpture of a human body

人物雕塑像

10)

It is used as a noun, meaning “

井或类似井的东西

”

11) When two people become very familiar, very close and intimate, they do not take particular

notice of each other’s physical changes because they are mos

tly talking heart to heart instead of

looking at each other’s face or other things on the surface.

12)

It means “looking at”.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

13)

having difficulty checking her tears.

14)

“The

seen”

refers

to

what

we

can

see

of

nature

such

as

beautiful

flowers,

trees,

ri

vers,

mountains, birds and animals, and change of the weather etc. whereas “the unseen” refers to the

laws of nature and knowledge about nature.

the seemingly different two souls: The two souls refer to the boy and the old woman. They seem

to be very different in age, gender, nationality; educational background etc. But these differences

are superficial.

V

ocabulary

1.

Do the following exercises on word formation rules.

1.

Give the corresponding verbs or nouns of the following words.

Give verbs

1.

attach

2.

accumulate

3.

illustrate

4.

weigh

5.

gratify

6.

locate

7.

preside

8.

collide

9.

fly/flee

10.

injure

11.

deliver

12.

admire

13.

respond

14.

commit

15.

endure

16.

survive

17.

revive

18.

float

19.

relax

20.

prove

21.

conclude

22.

challenge

23.

televise

24.

behave

Give nouns:

1.

advocacy/advocate

2.

inclusion

3.

amazement

4.

admiration

5.

rediscovery

6.

condensation

7.

attempt

8.

digest/digestion

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

reduction

guarantee

infection

insistence

exploration

refreshment

revitalization

deference

2

．

Translate the following paying special attention to the verbs in bold type which are normally

used as nouns.

1.

他居然通过钻营混到那个位置。

2.

她踮着脚尖进了房间。

3.

他们宁可坐公共汽车

/

骑自行车上学校。

.

4.

这煤先用车运到港口，然后再船运到海外。

5.

这个国王据说生了几十个儿子，他们最后都成了他的贴身保镖。

6.

据警察说，这个可怜的家伙是

“

拉 肚子拉死的

”

。

7.

根据这个故事，他是因为没有钉好马掌把他的天下给弄丢的。

8.

那个刺客挖出了一条鱼的肚子里的东西，在里面藏上了一把匕首。

9.

别和我称兄道弟的，你这个狗东西！

10.

他在设法打听她的家庭背景。

11.

那位警官怀疑地把他上下打量了一番。

12.

没有免费的午餐。总得有人埋单。肯定又是普通老百姓

13.

她在这个家里感觉就像笼中的鸟。

14.

我订了两张明天的演出票。

15.

他已被证实杀了自己的父亲。

3

．

Translate the homonyms in bold type.

(1)

bear (

担负

)

；

grave

（坟墓）

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

bear

（熊）

(2)

at stake (

处于危险当中

)

；

grave

（严重的）

stake (

桩子

)

(3)

bore

（钻孔）

bore

（使人厌烦）

(4)

cell

（细胞）

cell phone

（移动电话）

present

（礼物）

(5)

present

（现时）

.

can

can

(

能够

)

（做罐头）

（漆黑）

(6)

pitch dark

pitch in

（共同努力）

(7)

mean

（卑鄙的；残忍的；小气的；凶恶的）

meantime

（

同时）

(8). club

(

短棍

)

mean

（意思是）

club.

（

俱乐部）

(9)

resort to

（采用某种手段）

resort

（别墅）

（说；发出）

（完全的；彻底的）

(10) utter

utter

2.

Give the synonyms or antonyms to the following

expressions.

Synonyms

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

1.

quickly/rapidly

2.

fill up/overflow

3.

tend to/have the tendency to

4.

dear/expensive/valuable

5.

lasting

6.

many/numerous

7.

thick

8.

paradise

9.

go on/move on/carry on

10.

frighten/scare/terrify/appall

11.

weak/delicate/slight

12.

surprise/astonish/shock/astound

13.

pleased/happy

14.

give up

15.

wander/stroll/travel

16.

great/huge/vast/massive/enormous

17.

walk/journey/roaming

18.

delighted/attracted/greatly interested

19.

certainly/doubtlessly/unquestionably

20.

awkwardly

Antonyms

1.

upstairs

2.

unfamiliar

3.

mentally

4.

invisible

5.

penetrable/passable

6.

colorless

7.

public

8.

hell

9.

minor

10.

detach

11.

harmful

12.

common

3.

Translate the following expressions.

Into English

(1)

to explore the secrets of nature

(2)

to earn everybody’s praise

(3)

to bear pain and sufferings

(4)

to introduce this sheep

(5)

to demand an open apology

(6)

to surround the enemy

(7)

to abandon/give up hope

(8)

to accumulate experience

(9)

to form a powerful team

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

(10) to design this castle

Into Chinese

(1)

非常值得的

/

收获很大的经历

(2)

似乎不同的

(3)

行动笨拙的人

(4)

一个带刺铁丝的篱笆

(5)

人间的天堂

(6)

密度很大的人口

(7)

稀有物种

(8)

高倍双筒望远镜

(9)

退休工人

(10)

潜在的灾难

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.

ran into; as it were; bursting

brimming over/filling up; odds and ends

at ease; kept to

care to; warning her

work with; went by

wrench me away; slip through

bursting with

filled up

about to; burst into

about to; at ease

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions and adverbs.

to

to; away; from

with; to; at; at

as; for; through; of; by; in; with

to

forward to; about; along

in; into; on

with; for

against; in; through

against (or: not to play); with

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

6.

7.

Choose the right answer to fill in the blanks.

1)

B (We can also say “set to work”, but not “set to preparing dinner”)

2)

D

3)

A

4)

D

5)

A

6)

D

7)

B or C

8)

C (B is possible too)

Translate the following sentences into English.

1

）

---

I suspect that he has not told us the whole truth.

---

Why do you doubt it?

2

）

Nobo

dy would have suspected him. A suspect wouldn’t usually look so appealing. But finally

the police identified him to be the true murderer through a DNA test.

3

）

Huangdi is regarded as the very first farmer in our history while his wife was the first weaver.

4

）

Please give my best regards to my friends there. I really miss them all.

5

）

Whenever possible young people prefer to earn their own living than live off their parents.

6

）

The North demanded the military exercise be called off, but the South refused. Instead they

demanded an open apology from the North for the gun fire.

7

）

This place has earned itself quite a reputation for developing a green economy.

8

）

Being young, they are often inclined to look at things from the bright side.

9

）

Scientists have

identified the frozen body as a

young hunter who lived about six thousand

years ago.

10

）

Although

she

is

a

second- generation

Chinese

American,

she

still

values

her

Chinese

cultural identity.

Grammar

1.

Study the use of the present perfect continuous tense in these sentences.

1. Note the kind of time adverbials used with the tense.

The present perfect continuous is used to denote an activity that began in the past and is still

continuing. You indicate how long the activity has been going on by

a.

Using

(ever)

since

+

a

noun

phrase

or

an

adverbial

clause

beginning

with

the

conjunction

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

since, as in 1);

b.

Using the a for preposition phrase, as in 2);

c.

Using noun phrases, such as, these days/weeks/months/years, all day/morning, as in 3)

d.

Through the context, as in 4).

2.

Complete

the

following

sentences

using

the

present

perfect

continuous

tense

of

the

verbs

below.

1)

(I’ve) been looking for you

2)

(You’ve) been playing

3)

have you been doing?

4)

(They’ve) been swimming

5)

he’s been living and working

6)

(You’ve) been reading

7)

been preparing for

8)

he’s been playing the piano

2.

Shorten the underlined parts in each sentence, where possible, by turning the relative clauses

into a present participle phrase.

1)

The young man wearing glasses

2)

The international students studying at this university

3)

The roaring temperature

4)

A number of rice-producing countries

5)

a series of money- saving measures

6)

the sleeping children

7)

The underlined part cannot be replaced by a present participle phrase. A relative clause can be

replaced by a present participle phrase in two cases:

a.

The main verb in the relative clause expresses an action going on either at present or in the

past, e.g.

There are dozens of fans who are waiting to see the star at the airport

There are dozens of fans waiting to see the star at the airport.

b.

The main verb in the relative clause expresses a habitual action or a state, either at present or

in the past, e.g.

When the phone does ring, it’s usually a stranger who dials the wron

When the phone does ring, it’s usually a stranger dialing the wrong number.

If an action happened once in the past or will happen in the future, you cannot shorten a relative

clause into a present participle phrase.

8)

The dying patient

9)

a hot muscle-relaxing bath

10)

some stone steps leading to the 3000-year-old house

3.

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

(1) happened

(2) when

(3) job

(4) through

(5) had

6) tired

(7) hoping

(8) touch

(9) experience

(10) familiar

4.

Translate the sentences, using the perfect continuous tense or the present participle phrase as

an attributive modifier.

1)

Do you know the young lady sitting next to the chairman of the department?

2)

The police have been keeping track of the suspect for a whole week. They will make an arrest

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

soon.

3)

The new government announced that they would protect all law-abiding foreigners living in

the country.

4)

We should bear in mind that there are still thousands of people living on or near the poverty

line in this city.

5)

These athletes have been training for the current Asian Games for a whole year.

6)

Unemployed

residents

in

the

city

have

been

protesting

soaring

food

prices

in

the

past

two

months.

7)

The

young

employees

of

the

organization

have

been

tightening

their

belts

for

months,

adapting themselves to a war economy.

8)

The company claims that they have made a breakthrough in energy-saving technology.

9)

Mr. King worked his way up from the position of waiter to manager. He has been working for

the restaurant for 30 years.

10)

The

outgoing/retiring

vice

president

of

the

university

made

a

heart-warming

speech

at

his

farewell party.

5.

Identify and correct the mistakes. Note there is no mistake in one of the sentences.

1)

Do you know the journalist who asked the last question at the press conference this morning?

2)

These families have being tightening their belts for months.

3)

The whole nation mourned for all those who had died/who had been killed in the earthquake.

4)

There’s no mistake in this sentence.

(working population: all the people in an area who have a job or who are of a suitable age to have

a job)

5)

The boy’s been taking piano lessons from Professor Zhou ever since he was 12.

6)

More

and

more

people

in

Latin

American

countries

are

coming

to

China,

and

Spanish-speaking tourist guides are in great demand.

7)

It’s been ten months since they first came and yet, some of them are still adapting themselves

to life at college.

8)

It is believed oil-exporting countries are largely responsible for the

recent price increase. / …

countries that export oil … (this is wordy)

9)

My ageing grandparents moved in with us when they both reached 80.

10)

The company is involved in illegally importing oil products and could face a charge.

Unit 7 Inter-Lesson (I)

Test Paper

I.

Spelling (10%)

Complete the following words according to the Chinese correspondence

1.

abandon

2.

antique

3.

available

4.

behavior

5.

budget

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

6.

casualty

7.

conceivable

8.

convenience

9.

dangle

10.

echo

11.

gesture

12.

glimpse

13.

glisten

14.

intolerable

15.

peculiar

16.

racist

17.

refrigerator

18.

subtle

19.

survivor

20.

symphony

II.

Word-Formation (10%)

1. qualifications

2. intelligence

3. fact- finding

4. historic

rable

6. breadwinner

7. superhighway

8. takeoff

9. delivering

re, software

III.

Cloze (10%)

(1) enable

(2) specific

(3) missed

(4) training

(5) develop

(6) on

(7) be

(8) process

(9) philosophers

(10) rural

IV

.

Translation (30%)

1.

As a child, he was exposed to great works of literature, for both his parents were well-read in

classics.

2.

The military announced that they had succeeded in developing a new stealth fighter.

3.

They’re trying to come up with practical ways to reduce production costs for this t

ownship

factory.

4.

Most people think that all things considered, life is much better today than it was 30 years

ago.

5.

Success doesn’t only depend on what you do. What you don’t do is equally important.

6.

How do you account for the company’s high staff

turnover?

7.

Most of the buildings in the town were reduced to rubble in the earthquake.

8.

How can I concentrate on my work with my roommates talking and laughing?

9.

We

admire

the

way

he

answered

awkward

questions

at

the

press

conference

with

wit

and

facts.

10.

The

moment

he

entered

the

conference

room,

he

had

a

feeling

that

something

had

gone

wrong.

1.

那时我还是个小女孩，

脑子里充满童话般的梦想，

什么彩虹呀，

一碰触就会带来幸福神

< br>zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................ < /p>

奇的银雨点呀。父亲使我又想唱歌又想跳舞，我常常为他表演，为只有一个人的观众独唱，

他不断地鼓掌，我是公主，他是国王。

不过那 都是很久以前的事情了。岁月把他催老，也使我见得多了，但懂得少了。

2.

我原先以为岁月不会在父亲身上留下痕迹，

然而岁 月却带走了我目光中的纯金白银，

我

看到他的眼睛不再是那奇妙的淡蓝，

而褪成了疲惫的灰白；

他说的笑话，

他过去一直说的那

< p>
些笑话，

不再有趣，

不再使我哈哈大笑，

现在这些笑 话听来是对人们、

对生活的伤感与嘲弄；

他搂我的时候，我感到我肩上的 手十分沉重，他拉起我的手时，他抓得太紧，握得太牢。

V.

Proofreading (10%)

1.

And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the

desk.

2.

Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they

went to college; rather the college went through them

—

without making contact.

3.

“I

didn’t

imply

anything,”

she

said,

“I

just

don’t

see

what’s

wrong

with

a

white

person

marrying a black person, that’s all.”

4.

“A great man shows his greatness,” said Carlyle, “by the way he treats little men.”

5.

He squeezed it to see how deep the wound was. “It’s shallow,” he said. “Tomorrow you won’t

ev

en know it’s there.” He hoped that she appreciated how quickly he had come to her aid.

6.

There was no possible way of arguing with the fact that she would not be herself if she were

black.

7.

Since it was he who lost the fight, we ought to come again to the conclusion that people are

powerless in the world.

8.

Still, there was nothing very special in any of it, except death, which, while always special,

does not necessarily bring the nation to tears or to attention.

9.

That somebody actually did so is part of the reason this particular tragedy sticks in the mind.

10.

So, when it was time to return to our home outside of Philadelphia, I insisted that we take a

different route.

VI.

Reading Comprehension (30%)

1.

Read the passage and do as instructed.

1. D

2. B

3. C

4. A

5. C

2.

Infer the meaning of the following words or phrases. (10%)

1.

a chance to speak; an opportunity to express his opinion

2.

made

us

gasp

with

surprise;

left

us

speechless;

surprised

us

so

much

that

we

couldn’t

say

anything

3.

to tell (them) the death; to announce to them the death when they did not expect it

4.

a painting Millet did

5.

under any condition;

3.

Explain the sentences in your own words. (5%)

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

1.

In the past Millet would have been willing to sell it for the amount of money for which he

could get to buy a pork chop.

2.

The sentence implies that the picture was worth far more than eighty thousand francs now.

3.

I am glad that Millet is still living. He was the only talented artist who has not died of hunger.

This implies many

talented artists have died of hunger simply because they weren’t able to sell

their works.

4.

Describe in about 100 words how Carl’s project was carried through. (10%)

The four friends immediately set out to carry the three-month project out. Millet stayed at home

painting; the others went out to make a name for him. When selling Millet’s small picture, they

made buyers believe that the artist was dying. At the same time they made friends with newspaper

reporters and work on dealers. Millet’s name was buil

t up and his poor health began to be reported

in

newspapers.

In

six

weeks,

they

managed

to

sell

85

for

69,000

francs.

They

soon

announced

Millet’s death, and a great funeral was held for him. The price of Millet’s paintings began to soar.

(102 words)

Unit 8

Preview

1.

Listen to the recording of the text and then decide whether the following statements are true

(T) or false (F).

1)

F

2)

T

3)

T

4)

T

5)

F

6)

F

7)

F

8)

T

9)

F

10)

F

11)

T

12)

T

2.

Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.

1.

It refers to the practice of dropping into a sleep of four or five hundred years.

2.

From the use of the word “other”, we can infer that the protagonist was a writer too.

at will: as he wishes

3.

No, it means they are extremely old although it does

n’t show on their face.

4.

They

refer

to

examples

of

some

plants

or

animals.

The

word

is

used

to

indicate

that

these

human beings in the cases are now taken as museum pieces.

5.

The

busy

exciting

street

I

knew

has

now

changed

into

this

empty,

lonely,

lifeless

place

covered with moss.

6.

It means “made me speechless.” I was so horrified that I didn’t know what to say.

7.

How do you go from one place to another.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

8.

You became part of the machines. You came to be controlled by the machines. (It is related to

the idea of alienation of machines.)

9.

I was on the point of starting my favorite sharp criticism about the vanity of women’s crazy

pursuit of fashions.

10.

and how much of the quality of life has been combined with the effort.

11.

What happened to all the system of communication?

12.

First of all, it was not necessary since people did not need to work and travel made no sense

either since the exchange of products, services and personnel all disappeared. Besides these people

could still “get broken”.

13.

Yes, the protagonist must have had mixed feelings about this “New World”.

14.

Because they have no idea what they mean. It happened so long ago. And it is also obvious

that it is not part of the memory they have planted in their brain through surgery.

15.

He comes to the conclusion that all things considered, the old world is still better.

16.

It is somebody who is annoyed by the noises the protagonist is making in his nightmare. It

shows that the protagonist has only been dreaming all this in a hotel.

Vocabulary

1.

Do the following exercises on word formation rules.

1)

Give the corresponding adjectives of the following nouns.

1.

annoying/annoyed

2.

astonished/astonishing

3.

desolate

4.

destined

5.

stagnant

6.

secure

7.

simple/simplistic

8.

commercial

9.

devoted

10.

educational

11.

decorative

12.

marvelous

13.

jealous

14.

systematic

15.

favorable

16.

fashionable

17.

momentary

18.

evident

19.

appalling

20.

dreadful

2)

Give the opposite of the following adjectives by adding a prefix and try to find out why ir- is

used instead of in- or im-.

1.

irresponsible

2.

irrational

3.

irresolute

4.

irrevocable

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

................

5.

irregular

6.

irrelevant

7.

irresistible

8.

irreparable

Note: We use the prefix “ir

-

” because all these words begin with the letter “r”. All rules

however

have exceptions. The opposite of “reasonable” for example is “unreasonable”

3)

The word over can mean above, on, going across from one side to the other, and more than.

When it is used as a prefix, it can also have these differences. Translate the following and try to

guess the meaning of the prefix:

1.

在头上方

2.

从船上落在水中

3.

在海外

4.

追赶

5.

克服

6.

忽略

;

俯视

7.

偷听到

Note:

以上，

“over”

是< /p>

“

在。

。

。之上

”

和

“

从这头到那头

”

的意思。

下面的

“over

-

“

都是

“

过分的

”

，

“

过多的

”

，

“

过 高的

”

之类的意思：

8.

反应过度

9.

估计过高

10.

超杀

11.

睡过头

12.

劳累过度

13.

人口太多

14.

要价太高

15.

负担太重

16.

超时的

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