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Part
Ⅱ
Reading
Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions:
There
are
four
passages
in
this
part.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A),
B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter
on the Answer Sheet with a single line
through the center.
Passage One
?
Questions 21 to 25 are
based on the following passage.
?
Even
if
all
the
technical
and
intellectual
problems
can
be
solved,
there
are
major
social
problems
inherent
in
the
computer
revolution.
The
most
obvious
is
unemployment, since the basic purpose
of commercial computerization is to get more
work
done
by
fewer
people.
One
British
study
predicts
that
“
automation
induced
unemployment
”
in Western Europe could reach 16% in the next decade, but most
analyses
are
more
optimistic.
The
general
rule
seems
to
be
that
new
technology
eventually creates as many jobs as it
destroys, and often more.
“
People who put in
computers usually increase
their staffs as well,
”
says CPT
’
s Scheff.
“
Of course,
”
he
adds,
“
one industry may kill another industry. That
’
s tough on some people.
”
?
Theoretically,
all unemployed workers can be retrained, but
retraining programs are
not high on the
nation
’
s agenda(
议程
).
Many
new
jobs,
moreover,
will
require
an
ability
in
using
computers,
and
the
retraining
needed
to
use
them
will
have
to
be
repeated
as
the
technology
keeps
improving.
Says
a
chilling
report
by
the
Congressional
Office
of
Technology
Assessment:
“
Lifelong retraining is expected to become the standard for many people.
”
There is
already considerable evidence that the
school children now being educated in the use
of
computers
are
generally
the
children
of
the
white
middle
class.
Young
blacks,
whose unemployment rate stands today at
50%, will find another barrier in front of
them.
?
Such
social problems are not the fault of the computer,
of course, but a consequence
of the way
the American society might use the computer.
“
Even in the days of the big,
main-frame computers, when they were a
machine for the few,
”
says Katherine Davis
Fishman, author of The
Computer Establishment,
“
it was a tool to help the rich get
richer. It
still is to a large extent. One of the great
values lot the personal computer is
that smaller firms, smaller
organizations can now have some of the advantages
of the
bigger,
organizations.
”?
21. The
closest restatement of
“
one industry may kill another industry
”
.
(Line. 12, Para.1). is that ____.
?
A) industries tend to
compete with one another
?
B) industries tend to combine into
bigger ones
?
C) one
industry may increase its staff at the expense of
another
?
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