-
.
.
2016
年
6
月英语四级考试真题及答案
Part I Writing
（
30 minutes
）
Directions
：
For
this
part
，
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
letter
to
express
your
thanks to one of your friends who
helped you most when you were in
difficulty
。
You should
write at least 120 words but no more
than 180 words
。
Part III Reading Comprehension
（
40 minutes
）
Section A
Directions
：
In this section
，
there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select
one word for each blank from a
list of choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read
the passage through
carefully before making your choices. Each choice
in the bank is identified by
a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item
on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre. You may not use any
of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Physical activity does the body good
，
and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain
too. Researchers in the Netherlands
report that children who get more
exercise
，
whether at school
or on their own
，
26
to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a
27
of 14 studies
that looked at physical activity and
academic
28
，
investigators found that the
more children moved
，
the better their grades were in school
，
29
in the basic subjects of
math
，
English and reading.
The
data
will
certainly
fuel
the
ongoing
debate
over
whether
physical
education
classes
should be cut as schools struggle to
30
on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical
页脚
.
.
.
.
education
have
included
concerns
that
gym
time
may
be
taking
away
from
study
time.
With
standardized test scores in the U.S.
31
in recent years
，
some administrators believe students
need
to
spend
more
time
in
the
classroom
instead
of
on
the
playground.
But
as
these
findings
show
，
exercise
and
academics
may
not
be
32
exclusive.
Physical
activity
can
improve
blood
33
to the brain
，
fueling memory
，
attention and creativity
，
which are
34
to
learning.
And
exercise
releases
hormones
that
can
improve
35
and
relieve
stress
，
which
can
also
help
learning.
So
while
it
may
seem
as
if
kids
are
just
exercising
their
bodies
when
they’re running
around
，
they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答
.
A
）
attendance
B
）
consequently
C
）
current
D
）
depressing
E
）
dropping
F
）
essential
G
）
feasible
H
）
flow
I
）
mood
J
）
mutually
K
）
particularly
页脚
.
.
.
.
L
）
performance
M
）
review
N
）
survive
O
）
tend
Section B
Directions
：
In this section
，
you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph is marked with a letter.
Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
Finding the Right
Home
—
and Contentment
，
Too
[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility
—
a moment
few parents or children approach
without fear
—
what you would like is to have everything made
clear.
[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home
，
or has the
industry simply hired better interior
designers
？
Are nursing homes as bad as people fear
，
or is
that an out-moded stereotype
（固定看法）
？
Can doing one’s homework really steer families to
the best places
？
It is genuinely hard to know.
[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an
older
person
lives
in
may
matter
less
than
we
have
assumed.
And
that
the
characteristics
adult
children look for when they begin the
search are not necessarily the things that make a
difference
to the people who are going
to move in. I am not talking about the quality of
care
，
let me hastily
add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy
environment with irresponsible staff and a poor
safety record.
页脚
.
.
.
.
But an accumulating body of research
indicates that some distinctions between one type
of elder
care and another have little
real bearing on how well residents do.
[D] The most recent of these studies
，
published in The journal of Applied Gerontology
，
surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of
assisted living
，
nursing homes and smaller residential care
homes
（
known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes
）
. Researchers from
the University of Connecticut Health
Center asked the residents a large number of
questions about
their quality of
life
，
emotional well-being and social interaction
，
as well as about the quality of
the
facilities.
[E] “We thought we would see
differences based on the housing types
，
” said the lead author
of the study
，
Julie Robison
，
an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable
assumption
—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t
？
[F] In the initial results
，
assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They
were less likely to report
symptoms of depression than those in the other
facilities
，
for instance
，
and less likely
to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on
social interaction.
[G]
But
when
the
researchers
plugged
in
a
number
of
other
variables
，
such
differences
disappeared.
It
is
not
the
housing
type
，
they
found
，
that
creates
differences
in
residents’
responses.
“It is the characteristics of the specific
en
vironment they are in
，
combined with their
own personal
characteristics
—
how healthy they feel they are
，
their age and marital status
，
” Dr.
Robison explained. Whether residents
felt involved in the decision to move and how long
they had
lived there also proved
significant.
[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health
，
therefore
，
might be no less
depressed in assisted living
（
even if her children preferred it
）
than in a nursing home. A person
who bad input into where he
would move and has had time to adapt to it might
do as well in a
nursing home as in a
small residential care home
，
other factors being equal. It is an interaction
between the person and the
place
，
not the sort of place in itself
，
that leads to better or worse
页脚
.
.
.
.
experiences. “You can’t just
say
，
‘Let’s put this person in a residential care
home instead of a
nursing home
—
she will be much better off
，
”
Dr. Robison said. What matters
，
she added
，
“is
a
combination of what people bring in with
them
，
and what they find there.”
[I]
Such
findings
，
which
run
counter
to
common
sense
，
have
surfaced
before.
In
a
multi-state study of
assisted living
，
for instance
，
University of North Carolina researchers found
that
a
host
of
variables
—the
facility’s
type
，
size
or
age
；
whether
a
chain
owned
it
；
how
attractive
the
neighborhood
was
—
had
no
significant
relationship
to
how
the
residents
fared
in
terms
of
illness
，
mental
decline
，
hospitalizations
or
mortality.
What
mattered
most
was
the
residents’ physical health and mental
status. What people were l
ike when they came in had greater
consequence than
what happened one they were there.
[J] As I was considering all this
，
a press release from a respected research firm crossed my
desk
，
announcing
that
the
five-star
rating
system
that
Medicare
developed
in
2008
to
help
families compare nursing home quality
also has little relationship to how satisfied its
residents or
their family members are.
As a matter of fact
，
consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the
one-star
facilities
，
the lowest rated
，
than with the five- star ones.
（
More on this study and the
star ratings will appear in a
subsequent post.
）
[K]
Before
we
collectively
tear
our
hair
out
—
how
are
we
supposed
to
find
our
way
in
a
landscape this
confusing
？
—
here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane
，
a geriatrician
（老年病学
专家）
at the University of North Carolina
：
“In
a way
，
that could be liberating for families.”
[L] Of course
，
sons and daughters want to visit the facilities
，
talk to the administrators and
residents and other
families
，
and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they
don’t
have
t
o
turn
themselves
into
private
investigators
or
Congressional
subcommittees.
“Families can look a bit more for where
the residents are going to be
happy
，
” Dr. Sloane said.
And involving the future resident in
the process can be very important.
页脚
.
.
.
.
[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have
their
ideas
，
too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing
home near my town. I
have seen this place
—
it is elegant
，
inside and out. But nobody greeted the
daughter and mother
when they arrived
，
though the visit had been planned
；
nobody introduced
them to the
other residents. When they had lunch in the dining
room
，
they sat alone at a table.
[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there
，
and so she decided to move her
into
a
more
welcoming
facility.
Based
on
what
is
emerging
from
some
of
this
research
，
that
might have been as rational a way as
any to reach a decision.
36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their
parents.
it helps for children to investigate care facilities
，
involving their parents in the
decision-making process
may prove very important.
is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.
a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility
they live in.
author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place
over an apparently elegant
assisted living home.
system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a
satisfactory place.
first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities
gave higher scores on social
interaction.
kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.
页脚
.
.
.
.
findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted
living.
45.A
resident’s
satisfaction
with
a
care
facil
ity
has
much
to
do
with
whether
they
had
participated in the decision to move in
and how long they had stayed there.
Section C
Directions
：
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements. For each of
them there are four choices marked A
）
，
B
）
，
C
）
and D
）
.
You should
decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage one
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As
Artificial
Intelli gence
（
AI
）
becomes
increasingly
sophisticated
，
there
are
growing
concerns that
robots could become a threat. This danger can be
avoided
，
according to computer
science professor Stuart
Russell
，
if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable
code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks
，
it’s necessary to translate our
morals into
AI language.
For example
，
if a robot does chores around the house
，
you wouldn’t want it to put the pet
cat in
the oven
to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that
robot preloaded with
a good set of
values
，
” said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example
，
mobile robots
have been programmed to keep a
comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there
are cultural
页脚
.
.
.
.
differences
，
but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal
space
，
you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a
properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines
，
if only we can find a way to
set
out human values as clear rules.
Robots
could
also
learn
values
from
drawing
patterns
from
large
sets
of
data
on
human
behavior. They
are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so
sufficient
testing and they’ve produced a system that will
break some kind of taboo
（禁忌）
.
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a
human when presented
with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave
，
it has the opportunity
to
stop
，
send out beeps
（嘟嘟声），
and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t
quite sure about a
decision
，
we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in
moral
，
and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer
，
robots could
be good for humanity.
does the author say about the threat of robots
？
A
）
It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.
B
）
It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C
）
It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D
）
It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
页脚
.
.
.
.
would
we
think
of
a
person
who
invades
our
personal
space
according
to
the
author
？
A
）
They are aggressive.
B
）
They are outgoing.
C
）
They are ignorant.
D
）
They are ill-bred.
do robots learn human values
？
A
）
By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B
）
By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C
）
By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D
）
By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.
will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation
？
A
）
keep a distance from possible dangers.
B
）
Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C
）
Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D
）
Do sufficient testing before taking action.
is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code
？
A
）
Determine what is moral and ethical.
页脚
.
.
.
.
B
）
Design some large-scale experiments.
C
）
Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D
）
Develop a more sophisticated program.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Why do some people live to be older than others
？
You know the standard explanations
：
keeping
a
moderate
diet
，
engaging
in
regular
exercise
，
etc.
But
what
effect
does
your
personality have on your
longevity
（长寿）
？
Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives
？
A
new
study
in
the
Journal
of
the
American
Geriatrics
Society
looked
at
this
question
by
examining the personality
characteristics of 246 children of people who had
lived to be at least
100.
The
study
shows
that
those
living
the
longest
are
more
outgoing
，
more
active
and
less
neurotic
（神经质的）
than
other
people.
Long-living
women
are
also
more
likely
to
be
sympathetic and cooperative
than women with a normal life span. These findings
are in agreement
with what you would
expect from the evolutionary theory
：
those who like to make friends and
help others can gather enough resources
to make it through tough times.
Interestingly
，
however
，
other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no
impact
on
whether
study
participants
were
likely
to
live
longer.
Those
who
were
more
self-
disciplined
，
for instance
，
were no more likely to live to be very old. Also
，
being open to
new ideas had no
relationship to long life
，
which might explain all those bad-tempered old people
who are fixed in their ways.
Whether
you
can
successfully
change
your
personality
as
an
adult
is
the
subject
of
a
longstanding
psychological debate. But the new paper suggests
that if you want long life
，
you
should strive to be as
outgoing as possible.
页脚
.
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：大学英语四级阅读练习(11)
下一篇：怎样写好大学英语四级作文2