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Passage 11
Most
people
would
agree
that,
although
our
age
exceeds
all
previous
ages
in
knowledge,
there
has
been
no
corresponding
increase
in
wisdom.
But
agreement
ceases as soon as we attempt to define
“
wisdom
”
and consider means of promoting
it.
There are several factors that
contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first
a sense
of proportion: the capacity to
take account of all the important factors in a
problem
and to attach to each its due
weight. This has become more difficult than it
used to be
owing
to
the
extent
and
complexity
of
the
special
knowledge
required
of
various
kinds
of
technicians.
Suppose,
for
example,
that
you
are
engaged
in
research
in
scientific
medicine.
The
work
is
difficult
and
is
likely
to
absorb
the
whole
of
your
mind. You have no time to consider the
effect which your discoveries or inventions
may have outside the field of medicine.
You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine
has succeeded, in enormously lowering
the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and
America,
but
also
in
Asia
and
Africa.
This
has
the
entirely
unintended
result
of
making the food supply inadequate and
lowering the standard of life in the parts of the
world
that
have
the
greatest
populations.
To
take
an
even
more
dramatic
example,
which is in everybody
’
s mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom
from a
disinterested
（
无利害关系的）
desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the
hands of a powerful mad man the means
of destroying the human race.
Therefore,
with
every
increase
of
knowledge
and
skill,
wisdom
becomes
more
necessary,
for
every
such
increase
augments
（增强）
our
capacity
for
realizing
our
purposes, and therefore
augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes
are unwise.
51. Disagreement arises
when people try to decide___________
A)
how much more wisdom we have now than before
B) what wisdom is and how to develop it
C) if there is a great increase
of wisdom in our age
D) whether
wisdom can be developed or not
52.
According to the author,
“
wisdom
”
is the ability to _________
A) carefully
consider the bad effects of any kind of research
work
B) give each important problem
some careful consideration
C) acquire a
great deal of complex and special knowledge
D) give suitable consideration to all
the possible elements in a problem
53.
Lowering the infant death-rate may____________
A) prove to be helpful everywhere in
the word
B) give rise to an in
crease in population in Europe
C) cause
food shortages in Asia and Africa
D)
raise the living standard of the people in Africa
54. The author uses the examples in the
passage to illustrate his point that_________
A) it
’
s extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem
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B)
success in medical research has its negative
effects
C) scientists may unknowingly
cause destruction to the human race
D)
it
’
s unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine
55.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A) It is unwise to place the results of
scientific research in the hands of a powerful
mad man.
B) The more
knowledge one has, the wiser one becomes
C) Any increase of knowledge could lead
to disastrous results without the guidance of
wisdom.
D) Wisdom increases
in proportion to one
’
s age
Passage 11
许多人都会
同意这样一种看法，
即虽然我们的时代在掌握知识方面超越了所有先
前的
时代，
但在智慧方面却没有相应的增长。
但
（５１）
只要我们试着给
“智慧”
下个定义并思考一下提高智力水平的方式，这
种一致意见就不复存在了。
有几个因素对智慧很重要。其中我首先要提
到的是一种比例感：
（５２）对一个
问题中所有重要因素都是考虑周全，
并且看出每个应占的比重的能力。
（５４）
这一点在现在比过去越发困难
了，
这是由于那种需要多种技术人员的专门知识的
广泛和复杂程度。比方
说，假设你参与科学药物的研究工作，这项工作很难，有
可能要让你全身心地投入。
你没有时间考虑你的发现或发明在药物以外的领域会
导致什么样的结果。正如
现代药物已经成功了一样，大大降低了婴儿的死亡率，
不仅在欧美，
（５ ３）还包括亚洲与非洲。这会产生完全始料不及的后果：世界
上人口最多的部分地区食品
供应不足，
人民生活水平下降。
再举个甚至更加富有
戏剧
性的例子，
这是如今每个人都想得到的；
你出于无关利害的对知识的渴求去
研究原子的组成，却无意中让掌权的狂人得到毁灭人类的方法。
Passage 11
Most
people
would
agree
that,
although
our
age
exceeds
all
previous
ages
in
knowledge,
there
has
been
no
corresponding
increase
in
wisdom.
But
agreement
ceases as soon as we attempt to define
“
wisdom
”
and consider means of promoting
it.
There are several factors that
contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first
a sense
of proportion: the capacity to
take account of all the important factors in a
problem
and to attach to each its due
weight. This has become more difficult than it
used to be
owing
to
the
extent
and
complexity
of
the
special
knowledge
required
of
various
kinds
of
technicians.
Suppose,
for
example,
that
you
are
engaged
in
research
in
scientific
medicine.
The
work
is
difficult
and
is
likely
to
absorb
the
whole
of
your
mind. You have no time to consider the
effect which your discoveries or inventions
may have outside the field of medicine.
You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine
has succeeded, in enormously lowering
the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and
America,
but
also
in
Asia
and
Africa.
This
has
the
entirely
unintended
result
of
making the food supply inadequate and
lowering the standard of life in the parts of the
world
that
have
the
greatest
populations.
To
take
an
even
more
dramatic
example,
which is in everybody
’
s mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom