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大学城车站大学英语六级考试语法

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2020-12-08 15:09
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2020年12月8日发(作者:施士原)



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大学英语六级


语法重点讲解



英语六级语法重点讲解


特殊的虚拟语气词——

should


1

It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…

结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用

should

加动


词原形,

should

可省略。


句型:


(1)suggested


(2)It

is

important

that…+ (should) do


(3) a pity


(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,

demanded, requested, insisted

+ (should) do


(2)important, necessary, natural, strange

a pity,

a shame,

no wonder


(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.


It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.



2

)在宾语从句中的应用


在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

order, suggest, propose, require, demand,


request, insist, command, insist + (should) do


I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.


He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.


注意:

suggest, insi st

不表示

建议

坚持要某人做某事时

,即它们用于其本意

暗示、


表明

坚持 认为

时,宾语从句用陈述语气。


The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.


判断改错

:


(错)

You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.


(

)

Your pale face suggests that you are ill.


(

)

I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.


(

)

I insisted that you were wrong.



3

)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用


suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice

等名词后面的表语从句、

同位语从句中要



2



用虚拟语气,即(

should

+

动词原形。


My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.


I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.



一般现在时代替完成时


1)

有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时:


hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,

remember.


I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.


I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.


2)

句型

代替


3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met



不定式的特殊句型

so

as

to


1

表示目的;它的否定式是

so as not to do


Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.


汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。


Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.


轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。


2)

so kind as to ---

劳驾


Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?


劳驾,现在几点了。



Non e

few

some

any

one

ones

的用法


一、

none


1) none

作主语,多与

of

构成短语

none of

在答语中,

none

可单独使用。


Are there any pictures on the wall?

None.


2) none

作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。


It is none of your business.



二、

few

一些,少数



3




few

作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。



三、

some

一些


1)

可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。


2)

当做

某一

解 时,也可与单数名词连用。

= a certain


You will be sorry for this some day.


总有一天,你会后悔这件事的。


A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.


某些人不同意你的看法。


注意:


(1)

在肯定疑问句中 用

some

代替

any


(2)some

用于其他句式中

:


a.

肯定疑问句中 :说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。

Would


you like

句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如:


Would you like some coffee?


b.

在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如:


If you need some help

let me know.


c.

some

位于主语部分

,


Some students haven‘t been there before.


d.

当否定的是整体中的部分时,

< p>some

可用于否定句。如:


I haven‘t heard from some of my old friends these years.


这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。



四、

any

一些


1)

any

多用于否定句和疑问句和 条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时,

any

可用于


肯定句。


Here are three novels. You may read any.

这有三本小说,你可任读一本。



五、

one, ones

为复数形式



4




ones

必须和形 容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用

some, any

,而不用

ones


Have you bought any rulers?

Yes

I ‘ve bought some.



Only

在句首要倒装的情况


Only in this way, can you learn English well.


Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.


如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装


Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.



不定代词

< p>every

no

all

both

neither

no r

的用法


1

)不定代词有

all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other,


some, any , one, no

以及

some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody,


anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.

等。



2

不定代词的功能与用法


a.

every

no

外不定代词 既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。

every

no

在句中只能作


定语。


I have no idea about it.


b.

all

都,

指三者以上。

all

的主谓一致:

all

的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决


定。


All goes well.

一切进展得很好。


all

通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说

all the book

,而说

the whole book

。但

all

可与表


时间的可数名词单数连用,如

all day

all night

all the year

但习惯上不说

all hour

all


century

。< /p>

all

还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如

all China

all the city

all my life


all the way



3

both

都,指两者。


a.

both

与复数动词连用,但

both… and…

可与单数名词连用。


b.

both, all

都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前,

be

动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词



5



后面的实义动词省

去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。


Who can speak Japanese?

We both (all) can.



4

neither

两者都不


a.

neither

作主语时,谓语动词用单数。


b.

作定语与单数名词连用,但

neither…

nor

用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采


用 就近原则。


c.

可用于下列句型,避免重复。


She can‘t sing

neither (can) he.



neither

nor


d.

如前句是否定式从句,则主句用

n either

,而不用

nor


If you don‘t do it

neither should I.

如果你不干,我也不干。


e.

如后连 续有几个否定句式,则用

nor

,不用

neither

< p>。


He can‘t sing

nor dance

nor skate.



比较

may

might


1

表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;

may

放在句首,表示祝愿。


May God bless you!


He might be at home.


注意:

might

表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比

may

小。


2

成语:

may/might as well

,后面接不带

to

的不定式,意为

不妨


If that is the case, we may as well try.



典型例题


Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn‘t very sure yet.


A. must

B. may

C. can

D. will


答案

B.

表可能性只能用

may.

此句意可从后半句推出。





6



though, although

的用法


注意:

当有

though, alth ough

时,后面的从句不能有

but

,但是

though

yet

可连用


Although it‘s raining, they are still working in the field.


虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。


He is very old, but he still works very hard.


虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。


Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.


伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。

(谚语)



典型例题


1

___she is young, she knows quite a lot.


A. When

B. However

C. Although

D. Unless


答案:

C

。意为虽 然她很年轻,却知道许多。



2)

as, though

引导的倒装句


as / though

引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)


Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.


= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.


注意:

a.

句首名词不能带任何冠词。



b.

句首是实义动词,其他 助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一


起放在主语之前。


Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.


= Though he tries hard, he never seems…


虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。



3)

ever if, even though.

即使


We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.



4) whether…or

-

不管

……



7



Whether you believe it or not, it is true.



5)

疑问词

< p>或

疑问词

+

后缀

ever


No matter what happened, he would not mind.


Whatever happened, he would not mind.



替换:

no matter what = whatever


no matter who = whoever


no matter when = whenever


no matter where = wherever


no matter which = whichever


no matter how = however



注意:

no matter

不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。


(错)

No matter what you say is of no use now.


(对)

Whatever you say is of no use now.


你现在说什么也没用了。

(Whatever you say

是主语从句

)


(错)

Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given,


(对)

Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given.

囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。



so do I

谈起


两人对话,

乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出

反应。

例如:

Do you like it? -- Yes


I do.

这同样适用于陈述句的场合:

You worry too much

-- No

I don‘t .

在后一种情况下,乙


方也能

do

+主语

之类

的结构表示看法。


例如甲方说

我喜欢苹果

,乙方

如果想表示

我也喜欢苹果

,英语可以说:


A

I like apples.


B

So do I

(=

I like apples

too



这里的

so

在意义上相当于

in the same way

,即同样、

也那样,作简短反应表示同样看


法时常用之。



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