黑龙江一本大学大学英语自考教程上册a课文中英对照17-18

17-A. Panic and Its Effects

One

afternoon

while

she

was

preparing

dinner

in

her

kitchen,

Anne

Peters,

a

32-year-old

American housewife, suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by shortness of breath.

Frightened

by

the

thought

that

she

was

having

a

heart

attack,

Anne

screamed

for

help.

Her

husband

immediately

rushed

Anne

to

a

nearby

hospital

where

her

pains

were

diagnosed

as

having been caused by panic, and not a heart attack.

More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne

Peters. Benjamin Crocker, a psychologist at the University of Southern California, reveal that as

many

as

ten

million

adult

Americans

have

already

experienced

or

will

experience

at

least

one

panic

attack

in

their

lifetime.

Moreover,

studies

conducted

by

the

National

Institute

of

Mental

Health in the United States disclose that approximately

million adult individuals are currently

suffering from severe and recurrent panic attacks.

These attacks may last for only a few minutes; some, however, continue for several hours. The

symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many

victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.

Panic attack victims show the following symptoms: they often become easily frightened or feel

uneasy in situations where people normally would not be afraid; they suffer shortness of breath,

experience chest pains, a quick heartbeat, sudden fits of trembling, a feeling that persons and

things around them are not real; and most of all, a fear of dying or going crazy, A person seized by

a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.

There

has

been

a

lot

of

explanations

as

to

the

causes

of

panic

attacks.

Many

claim

that

psychological stress could be a logical cause, but as yet, no evidence has been found to support

this

theory.

However,

studies

show

that

more

women

than

men

experience

panic

attacks

and

people who drink a lot as well as those who use drugs are more likely to suffer attacks.

It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a per-son is suffering from a panic

attack rather than a heart attack. The first is age. People between the ages of 20 and 30 are more

often victims of panic attacks. The second is sex. More women suffer from recurrent panic attacks

than men. The third is the multiplicity of symptoms. A panic attack victim usually suffers at least

four of the previously mentioned symptoms, while a heart attack victim often experiences only

pain and shortness of breath.

It is generally agreed that a panic attack does not directly endanger a person's life. All the same, it

can unnecessarily disrupt a person's life by making him or her so afraid of having a panic attack in

a public place that he or she may refuse to leave home and may eventually become isolated from

the

rest

of

society.

Dr.

Crocker’s

advice

to

any

person

who

thinks

he

is

suffering

from

a

panic

attack

is

to

consult

a

doctor

for

a

medical examination

to

rule

out

the

possibilities

of

physical

illness first. Once it has been confirmed that he or she is, in fact, suffering from a panic attack, the

victim should seek psychological and medical help.

【课文译文】

恐慌症及其影响

一 天下午，安妮彼得斯，一位

32

岁的美国家庭主妇，正在厨房准备晚饭的时候，突 然胸口

一阵剧烈的疼痛，伴着呼吸急促。由于担心自己患了心脏病，

安妮 尖叫着呼救。她的丈夫迅

速把安妮送到附近一家医院。经诊断，她的痛疼是由恐慌引起的 ，而非心脏病发作。

现在，

愈来愈多的美国人都遭受过像安妮彼得斯所经历过的疼痛的袭击。

据本杰明克罗克—

—一位美国南加利福尼亚大学的心理学家透露，

多达一千万的成年美国人，

已经经历过或至少会经历一次恐慌症的发作。

而且，

由美国心理健康协会所进行的研究表明，

近来大约有一千二百多万成年人 患有严重的复发性恐慌症。

这种病症也许只 持续几分钟，

但是，

有些却能持续几个小时。

恐慌症的症状和心脏 病的症状

有着明显的相似之处，这使得许多受害者以为他们真的患有心脏病。

恐慌症受害者表现出以下症状：

他们常 常轻易就会害怕，

或者当身处人们通常情况都不会感

到担心的环境时，他 们却表现得心神不宁，呼吸急促，胸痛，心跳加速，突然间阵阵颤抖，

对周围的人和物有 不真实感等，

最严重的是害怕会死去或者发疯。

恐慌症发作的人可能会出

现所有这些症状或仅仅其中的四种。

有关引起恐慌症的说法有许多。

许多人声称心理压力是一种逻辑上的原因，

但是，

却找不到

能够支持这种理论的证据。

然而，

研究表明得恐慌症的女性多于男性，

并且大量酗酒和吸毒

的人 更有可能患上恐慌症。

据报道，至少有三种 迹象表明一个人所患的是恐慌症而不是心脏病。第一是年龄，

20

～

30

岁之间的人通常是恐慌症患者，

第二是性别，

患有 复发性恐慌症的女性多于男性。

第三是症

状的多样性。

恐 慌症患者通常至少会出现以上所提到的四种症状，

而心脏病患者常常只会出

现痛疼和呼吸急促的症状。

总体上说，< /p>

恐慌症不会直接影响人的生命。

尽管如此，

它却能毫无必要地搅乱一 个人的生活，

由于担心会在公共场合出现恐慌，

人们也许会拒绝出门，< /p>

由此可能最终使自己和社会隔绝开

来。

对此克罗克博士对那 些患有恐慌症的人所提的建议是：

首先请医生作体检，

从而排除生

理疾病的可能性，

然后确信一旦他们真的患有恐慌症，

应寻求心理和药物 治疗。

18-A. Why Are

Maps Drawn with North at the Top

？

Now it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top, but this was not always

so.

The

oldest

known

map

in

the

accepted

sense

of

the

word

was

drawn

about

3,

800

BC,

and

represents

the

river

Euphrates

flowing

through

northern

Mesopotamia,

Iraq.

This,

and

others

that followed it, were little more than rough sketches of localized features; it was not until many

centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound footing.