四川地质大学-四川地质大学
Detailed Reading
UNIT3
TEXTA
likely:
1.
adj
. probable
- An incident likely to lead to war is
reported on TV. (
电视报导出一可能导致战争的事件。
)
2.
adv.
probably
- I shall very likely be here again
next month.
Pattern:
It
is likely that …
很可能
…
- It is
highly likely that he will succeed.
CF:
likely, possible & probable
这些词都有
“
可能的
”
意思。
likely
系常用词，指从表面迹象来看很有可能。例如：
-
The likely outcome of the contest varies from
moment to moment. (
比赛结果每分钟可能都在变化。
)
possible
指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到， 强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小
的意思。例如：
- Is it possible to get to the city by
train, or must I take a bus? (
坐火车可以到这个城市去吗？ 还是我必须得坐
公共汽车？
)
probable
语气比
possible
强，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的
,
带有大概、很可能的意思。例如：
- It is
probable that he has forgotten our appointment.
(
很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。
)
do without:
manage to survive, continue, or succeed, although you do not have sth. you need
-
I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I’ll just have to do without.
-
He can’t do without the services of a secretary.
Collocation:
do away with
do up
摆脱；废除，取消
系上，扣上；修理；打扮
have
something to do with
have
nothing to do with
highly:
adv
.
1) very
和
…
有关系
和
…
没有关系
- Mr. Smith was a highly successful
salesman.
2) to a high degree
- He speaks very highly of you.
-
出席这次会议的大部分人是受过高等教育的女性。
(Most
of
the
people
present
at
the
meeting
are
highly
educated women.)
CF: highly & high
这两个词都表示
“
高高地
”
。
highly
指的是抽象意义上的
“
高
”
。例如：
a highly
paid official
think highly of
sb.
aim high
薪俸优厚的官员
器重某人
向高处瞄准
high
用作副词时，一般指的是具体意义上的
“
高
”
。例如：
Detailed Reading
search high
and low
其他类似的例子还有
:
closely & close
closely
细心地，严密地。例如：
- Watch what I do closely.
(
仔细观察我所做的。
)
- The
prisoners were closely guarded.
(
囚犯被严密看守着。
)
close
邻近。例如：
- He lives close
to the school. (
他住得离学校很近。
)
put
/
turn
the
clock
back:
return
to
a
situation
that
used
to
exist,
usually
because
the
present
situation
is
unpleasant
- The
employment bill in which women are not allowed to
take jobs will put the clock back fifty years.
-
Forget all about it and look to the future; you can’t turn the clock back.
bring
about:
cause to happen
-
这是怎么发生的？
(What brought it about?)
- Some educators are
hoping to bring about major changes in the
educational system.
Collocation
：
bring forth
bring forward
bring up
产生；提出
提前；提出
教育；养育；提出
到处寻找
Fill in the blanks with the above
phrases and change the form where necessary.
1. They proposed that the date
of the congress be brought forward a few months.
2. The trees in the orchard brought
forth many apples.
3. He was well
brought up.
4. At the meeting the next
morning, they brought up / forward / forth many
problems and discussed them one by
one.
inquire:
1.
vt
. ask to be told
- He inquired (of her) the reason for
being late again.
- He asked for his
key and inquired whether there had been any
message for him.
2.
vi.
seek information by questioning
-
我打电话询问有关火车时刻的事情。
(I rang up to inquire about train times.)
Collocation
：
inquire after
inquire for
inquire into
问候
求见
查究，调查
CF:
inquire, ask & question
这些词都有
“
问，询问
”
的意思。
inquire
是较正式的书面用词，渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况。例如：
- He inquired your telephone number.
(
他询问你的电话号码。
)
ask
是最常用词
,
指为了了解某人或某事而提出问题
,
请别人解答或向别人打听消息。例如：
-
Excuse me. May I ask you a question?
(
对不起，我能问你一个问题吗？
)
Detailed
Reading
question
指对某事不断提出问题，以便了解详细情况。例如：
-
The suspect was questioned by the police.
(
警察审讯嫌疑人。
)
initiative:
n.
1) ability to make decisions and take
action without the help of others
- If
you show that you have initiative, you will sooner
or later be promoted.
- The workers are
able to solve the problem on their own initiative.
2) used in the phrase “take the
initiative”: be the first person to take action to
improve a situation or relationship,
esp. when other people are waiting for
sb. else to do sth.
-
He took the initiative in organizing a party after his brother’s wedding.
rate:
n.
1)
value, cost, speed, etc. measured by its relation
to some other amount
-
The world’s forests are disappearing at an even faster rate than experts have thought.
-
出生率是出生数与人口数之比。
(The
birth
rate
is
the
number
of
births
compared
to
the
number
of
the
people.)
2) of the (numbered) quality
a first-rate performer; a second-rate
comic
ensure:
vt
.
make sure; guarantee
- The new treaty will ensure
peace.
-
我不能确保他能及时到这儿。
(I can’t ensure that he will be here in time.)
informed:
adj.
knowing things; having all the information
-
随时告诉我新的发展。
(Keep me informed of fresh development.)
-
He’s a well
-informed man.
CF: inform,
tell & instruct
这些词都有
“
把某消息或某件事传达给别人
”
的意思。
inform
向某人传递信息
, < /p>
特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料（可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下
级对上级的通知）
。例如：
- I have
just received a letter from my old school
informing me that my former headmaster, Mr.
Reginald Page, will
be retiring next
week. (
我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德
·
佩奇先生将于下星期退休。
)
tell
最通用，最不正式。指把某事告诉某人。例如：
-
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the
dress was sold.
(
他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖掉
了。
)
instruct
较正式，意为
“
指示 （一般用于上级对下级）
，通知
”
。例如：
- The editor at once sent the
journalist a telegram instructing him to find out
the exact number of steps and the
height of the wall. (
编辑立即给这位记者发了 一份电报，叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。
)
steady:
adj
.
1) constant; regular in
movement
-
The government’s policies
have brought a period of steady economic growth with falling unemployment.
- There has been a steady growth in the
industry.
2) firm
Detailed Reading
- Using the
razor requires a steady hand.
basis:
(pl. bases)
n.
1) facts or ideas from
which sth. can be developed; foundation (usu. used
as a singular noun, followed by
for
or
of )
- The writing is full of arguments that
have a firm basis.
- What is the basis
for your opinion?
2) circumstance that
provides a reason for some action or opinion (usu.
followed by
of
or
that- clause)
-
On
the
basis
that
recognizing
the
problem
is
halfway
to
a
solution,
we
should
pay
much
attention
to
his
comments.
-
基于我们售货的预测，我们明年将开始赚钱。
(On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a
profit next year.)
CF:
basis, base & foundation
这些词都有<
/p>
“
基础，根基
”
的意思
basis
多用于比喻，指信念、议论等的根据。例如：
-
Charity toward others is the basis of her
philosophy. (
慈善待人是她人生观的基点。
)
base
多用于指有形的或具体的基地或根基，尤指军事或工业方面的基地。例如：
- We picnicked at the base of the
mountain. (
我们在山脚下野餐。
)
-
The lamp stands on a circular base.
(
那盏灯由圆形底座支撑。
)
foundation
强调基础的稳固与坚牢，可用于比喻。例如：
-
Those thoughts rocked her assurance to its
foundations. (
那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。
)
- The huge lorries shock the house to
its foundations. (
大卡车驶过，连屋基都震动了。
)
lie in:
exist or be found in (sth.)
-
The root of all these events lay in history.
-
这部戏剧令人感兴趣的地方在于它提出了一些婚姻方面的问题。
(The play’s interest lies in the questions it
raises about marriage.)
in terms of:
as regards (sth.); expressed as (sth.)
-
In terms of salary, the job is terrible.
-
以百分数回答这个问题。
(Give the answer in terms of a percentage.)
tend:
1.
vi.
be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect
-
Some people tend to get up later at weekends.
-
物价正在上涨。
(Prices are tending upwards.)
2.
vt.
watch over; attend to
- shepherds
tending their flocks
- tend the sick
and wounded
precise:
adj
.
1) exact
- We will never know the precise
details of his death.
- Our train
leaves at about half past ten, or
–
to be precise
–
10:33.