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在职艺术硕士（
MFA
）全国联考英文 阅读理解
-
试卷
7
< br>(
总分：
40.00
，做题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
< /p>
英文阅读理解题
(
总题数：
4
，分数 ：
40.00)
Sign has
become a scientific hot button. Only in the past
20 years have specialists in language
study realized that signed languages
are unique
—
a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to
probe how the
brain generates and understands language, and
throw new light on an old scientific
controversy
：
whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or
whether it is a
learned behavior. The current interest in sign
language has roots in the pioneering
work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet
University in Washington, D.C., the worlds only
liberal
arts university for deaf
people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to
teach English, the school
enrolled him
in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed
something odd: among themselves, students
signed differently from his classroom
teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural
code,
each movement of the hands
representing a word in English. At the time,
American Sign Language
(ASL) was
thought to be no more than a form of pidgin
English (
混杂英语
). But Stokoe believed
the hand talk his students used looked
richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually
have
a genuine language? And could
that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was
1955, when even
deaf people dismissed
their signing as substandard. Stokoes idea was
academic heresy(
异端邪说
). It is 37
years later. Stokoe
—
now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals
and to producing video
materials on ASL and the deaf
culture
—
is having lunch at a cafe near the
Gallaudet campus and
explaining how he started a revolution. For
decades educators fought his
idea that
signed languages are natural languages like
English, French and Japanese. They assumed
language must be based on speech, the
modulation (
调节
) of sound. But sign language is based on
the movement of
hands, the modulation of space. What I said,
Stokoe explains, is that language
is
not mouth stuff
—
its brain stuff. (340 words)
（分数：
10.00
）
(1).The study of sign language is
thought to
be______.
（分数：
2.00
）
A.a new way to look at the learning of
language
B.a challenge to traditional
views on the nature of language
√
approach to simplifying the
grammatical structure of a language
attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the
origin of language
解析：解析：本题属于细节推断题。这篇文
章开头介绍了手语研究的进展以及意义，
“进展”指过去的
20
年 研究人员发
现了手语的独特性
(realized that signed languages are unique)
，意义是指手语的这一发现为研究 大脑如何应用与
理解语言开辟了新的方向
(a new way to probe how the brain generates and
understands language)
，同时为一个古老的科学 论题带来了新的希望：语言到底是天生的还是后天习得的
(whether
language
…
is something that we are born with
，
or whether it is a learned behavior)
。可知答案为
B
。
(2).The present growing interest in
sign language was stimulated
by______.
（分数：
2.00
）
A.a famous scholar in the study of the
human brain
B.a leading specialist in
the study of liberal arts
English
teacher in a university for the deaf
√
senior experts in
American Sign Language
解析：解析：本题属于细节理解题
。题目问的是，当前对手语的越来越高涨的兴趣是由谁激发的。第一段段末和第二段
段首
给我们介绍了一位先驱人物
Stokoe
的基本信息：
华盛顿特区 一所聋人大学的教师。
他在学校教授英语。
对照选项，
显
然答案为
C
。
(3).According to Stokoe, sign language
is______.
（分数：
2.00
）
A.a substandard language
B.a genuine language
√
artificial language
international language
解析：解析：本题属于细节理解题
。根据文章第三段，我们了解到当时人们普遍认为美国手语不过是一种混杂英语
(tho
ught to be no more than a form of pidgin English)<
/p>
，这里也在强调手语从属于语言。之后是
Stokoe
自己的发
现与思考：他认为学生们使用的手语意义比人们的普遍认为的要更为丰富
(t he
“
hand
talk
”
his students used looked richer)
，同时受到了启发：或许聋人确实拥有一种真正的语言。可知答案 为
B
。
(4).Most
educators objected to Stokoes idea because they th
ought______.
（分数：
2.00
）
language was not extensively used
even by deaf people
language was too
artificial to be widely accepted
C.a
language should be easy to use and understand
D.a language could only exist in the
form of speech sounds
√
解析：解析：本题属于细节理解题。题目问的是，许多教育者都反对
Bill Stokoe
的观点，是因为他们认为什么。根据
“
For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages
like
English
，
French and Japanese
．
They assumed language must be based on speech
，
the modulation(
调节
)of
sound
．
”
，即得出答案为
D
。
(5).Stokoes argument is based on his
belief
that______.
（分数：
2.00
）
language is as efficient as any other
language
language is derived from
natural language
ge is a system of
meaningful codes
ge is a product of
the brain
√
解析：解析：本题属于细节
理解题。根据文章最后一段我们得知：很多教育家们反对
Stokoe
的观点，认 为语言必须以
语音为基础，是声音的变体
(language must be based on speech
，
the modulation of sound)
，而
Stokoe
则认为手语
恰恰以手的动作为基础
(sign language is based on the movement of hands)
，进一步解释说“语言不是嘴巴层次的
< br>东西，而是大脑层次的东西
(brain stuff)
”
。由此可知答案为
D
。
Reebok
executives do not like to hear their stylish
athletic shoes called
ootwear for
yuppies
(
雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士
). They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments,
especially now that
the company offers basketball and childrens shoes
for the under-18 set and
walking shoes
for older customers not interested in aerobics
(
健身操
) or running. The executives
also point out that through recent
acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress
and casual
shoes, and high-performance
athletic footwear to their product lines, all of
which should attract
new and varied
groups of customers. Still, despite its emphasis
on new markets, Reebok plans few
changes in the upmarket
(
高档消费人群的
) retailing network that helped push sales to $$ 1 billion
annually, ahead of all other sports
shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced
from $$27 to
$$85, will continue to be
sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and
department stores,
in accordance with
the companys view that consumers judge the quality
of the brand by the quality
of its
distribution. In the past few years, the
Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits
on the number of its distributors (and
the number of shoes supplied to stores) , partly
out of
necessity. At times the
unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and
the company could
barely keep up with
orders from the dealers it already had. These
fulfillment problems seem to
be
distribution now, but the company is still
selective about its distributors. At present,
Reebok
shoes are available in about
five thousand retail stores in the United States.
Reebok has already
anticipated that
walking shoes will be the next fitness-related
craze, replacing aerobics shoes
the
same way its brightly colored, soft leather
exercise footwear replaced conventional running
shoes. Through product diversification
and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid
the
distribution problems Nike came
across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the
strength of
the aerobics shoe craze
and was forced to unload huge inventories of
running shoes through discount
stores.
(355 words)
（分数：
10.00
）
(1).One reason why Reeboks managerial
personnel don
like their shoes to be called
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