-
书信
书信是人们在日常生活和工作中 进行交际的工具。
由于民族语言和习惯上的差异，
英语信
件在书写格式及表达方式上与汉语不大一样，
有些地方迥然不同。
英文书信分为两 大类：
公
务信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来
往的书信，可能是推荐信、
求职信、入学申请书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如
投诉信）等的信件。私人信件
是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书信各有自己的格式。<
/p>
一般说来，私人信件不拘形式，信
文多用手写，也可打印；公务信件要求比
较严格，必须遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。
一般格式
英文书信的构成可分为
7
个部分：
信
头
(Heading),
日
期
(Date),
收
信
人
姓
名
及
地
址
< p>(InsideName
and
Address),
称
呼
(Salutation),
信
文
(Body
of
the
letter),
结
束
语
(Complimentary
close),
署
名
(Signature)
信头
(Heading)
< /p>
信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写
(
打字，手
写均可
)
在信的右上角，离开 信纸的顶头约
1
英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：
①
齐头式
②
缩进式
地
址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省（州）
、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。
私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。
Example: 123 Tianhe Road
Tianhe District
Guangzhou 510620
Guangdong Province
P.
R. C.
Jan. 8, 2010
日期
(Date):
①
年份应写全，例如不能用“99”来代替“1999”；
②
月份应写英文名称，除
May, July
外，可用缩写，如：
Sep., Oct.
。但不要用数 字
来代替，如
7
／
4
／< /p>
99
或
7
，
4
，
99
，因为在英国此日期代表
7th A pril
，
1999
，
而美国则代表
4th July
，
1999
。
③
日期可用
1
，
2
，
3
，
4…11，< /p>
12…21，
22…31
等，
也可用
lst
，
2nd
，
3rd
，
4th…11th，
21th…22nd…31st
等。
日期的几种写法：
a
．
July 7
，
1998 b
．
1st October, 1998
c
．
30 Nov., 1997 d
．
Sep. 3rd, 1999
④
特别注意英文书信日期应紧接着写信人地址下一行，
不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名
之后。
收信人姓名及地址
(Inside Name and Address)
写信人的地址和日期写好以后，
接着 就要写收信人的姓名和地址，
一般的事务信件或给
较生疏的朋友的信件要
写，
而在给极熟的朋友的信中则可省去。
这一项写在日期下一行的左
上角。
收信人姓名写一行，收信人地址可分两行或三行写，和写信人的地址一样，
上下可取
齐，也可以向右缩进。在姓名前一般要加上称号，称号因人而异。<
/p>
①对普通男子用
Mr
；②对未婚女子用< /p>
Miss
；③对已婚女子用
Mrs
，对婚姻状况不明 确的通
常用
Ms(
后跟本人姓
)
；④对男子用
Master
；⑤对教授或博士
(
< p>医生)
用
Prof
．或
Dr< /p>
．
称呼
(Salutation)
称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼，如
Dear , Mr, Uncle
，各种称呼因人而异。称呼直
接写在收信人地址的正下方，
中间空一至二行。
在称呼后面一般是用逗号，
但也有用冒号的。
现归纳如下：①对父母、兄弟、姐妹等；
a
．
Fathe r,
b
．
My
dear
Mother,
c.
Dear
Sister,
d.
Dear Tom,
②对亲戚：
a
．
My dear Auntie, b
．
Dear Cousin, c
．
My dear Cousin,
③对朋友、同学
a
．
My
dear
friend,
b
．
Dear
Mr
Jackson,
c
．
My
dear
Mr
Jackson,
d
．
Dear
Sir,
④对未婚女子：
a
．
Dear Miss Luce, b
．
My dear Miss Luce,
⑤对一般女子，不论是否结婚：
a
．
Mada me, b
．
Dear Madame,
⑥对已婚女子：
a
．
Dear Mrs Helen Jackson, b
．
My dear Mrs Helen Jackson,
⑦对公司、工厂、学校等：
a
．
Dear Sirs, b
．
Sirs, c
．
Gentlemen,
⑧如果不知收信人的性别
: Dear Sir or Madam
信文
(Body of the letter)
信文是信件的主体部分，也就是信的内
容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个
字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。
也有往后退四个或八个字母的。
正文是书信的主体。
与
中文信件不同的是，
英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语，
再阐明 写信的目的，
而是
直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，
然后提出写信人的情况、
想法或要求，
并加以必要的
解释
或说明。英文书信陈述目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。
书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般说来，人们习惯用一些客套的
写法作为书信正文的起始，
即先将对方来信的日期、
主题加以简单描述，
以便使对方一看便
知该信是回答哪一封信的。
如果是第一 次给别人写信，
也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，
并
表明
自己写信的主要目的。
下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。
开头语
①相当于中文的“敬君者”。
a
．I beg to inform you that…
b
．I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that …
c
．
I ha
ve the honor to address you that…
d
．
I write
in
a
hurry
to
inform
you
that…
e
．I have the pleasure to tell you that…
f. I'm very much
delighted to inform you that…
②相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信，一切知悉”。
a
．I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th …
b
．
Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.
c
．
It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind of May 20th.
d
．In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that …
e
．
I have received your kind letter of May 20th.
f
．
Words
can't
express
my
delight
on
finding
your
favor
of
yesterday
on
my
desk
this
morning.
g
．
Your letter dated May 20th has been received.
结尾语
采用三种方法：
①采用分词短语：句末用逗号，不用句号。例如：
a
．
Waiting for your good news,
b
．
Looking forward to your early reply,
c
．
Hoping to hear from you soon,
d
．
Hoping you are enjoying good health,
e
．
Regretting that I can't give you a more favorite reply,
f
．
Regretting the trouble I'm causing you,
g
．
Wishing you every success,
h
．
Wishing you a pleasant journey,
i
．
Wishing you a happy New Year,
②采用介词短语，例如：
a
．
With best regards,
b
．
With kind regards to your family,
c
．
With best wishes to you and yours,
d
．
With best wishes for your success and happiness,
e
．
With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,
f
．
With best regards and wishing you all success,
g
．
With warmest regards,
h
．
With best regards to you and your family,
i
．
With the season's greetings,
③采用完整句子：
a
．
We are waiting for your good news.
b
．
I hope to receive your early reply.
c
．
We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
d
．
I thank you very much for your services, and wish your continued success.
结束语
(Complimentary Close)
结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。
结束语的一般写法如下：
①
业务书信常用：
Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours,
Sincerely
yours,
② 公函常用：
Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours sincerely,
③私人书信常用：
Sincerely
yours,
Yours
very
sincerely,
Yours
affectionately,
Yours
ever,
④给亲戚朋友的信常用：
Love, All my love, Your(ever)loving son/daughter/cousin ,
etc.
Your
affectionate nephew, lovingly, Lovingly
yours,
署名
(Signature)
写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行。
除非是给很熟悉的人写信，
签名一般 须写出全
名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。
如果是用打字机或电
脑写的信，在写信人签名的上方，同样应该打上写信人的姓名
。
下面是署名的例子：
①
个人署名：
truly, W. J. Watson ,Yours faithfully,
②公司署名：
Legend Computer Company, Wang Lin ,Sales Manager
除以上七个部分外，有时一些英语书信还包括：
（
1
）
附件
(Enclosure)
，
以
Enc.
表示，< /p>
如“附有。
。
。
。
。
。
证明”应写为
Enc…Certificate；
（<
/p>
2
）
附言
(Postscript)
，以
.
表示；发信人有时在写完信后又想起一件比较重要的事没有
说，可以在信末署名下面几行写上，
P.
S.
，然 后将要补充的话写上。不过要注意写信时最
好将事情一次讲清楚，尽量少用或不用
.
。
（
3
）抄送件(Carbon Copy to…)，以
.
表示，说明一式多份抄送其他有关人员。这些都是
次要的补充部分。
.
主要在私人信件中使 用，
事务信件中应避免使用，
以免造成写信人粗心大意的印象。
E nc.
和
.
大都用在商贸信函中。
信封（
envelope
）。
英语的信封和中文的一样，有三部分组成，即发信人地址、收信人地址
和
邮票。只不过英语信封的格式除了邮票所贴的位置（信封的右上角）
和中文的一样外，英
语信封上要写的发信人和收信人的地址和中文的大不一样。
发信人的地址应写在信 封的左上
角，收信人的地址应写在信封偏中右偏下处，如下：
2
．书写款式
英语书信的款式一般有两种：齐头式
(Block
Style)
和折衷式
(Semi-Block
< p>Style)。齐头
式常常在商贸、官方以及一些正式的信件中使用
，以显示信件内容的严肃性，真实性，
可靠性。而折衷式则显的比较随
便，主要用于家人、朋友、私人之间来往的信件。如果两人
之间不是第一次通信，相互比
较了解，可以省略信内的双方地址。
以下分别介绍齐头式和折衷式信件两种款式。
A:
齐头式信件款式：
<
/p>
注：用齐头式信件写信，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不需要空
格，
但段与段之间需要空一至二行。
齐头式信 件的信尾客套话和签名可以有两种款式。
第一
种写在左下方，
另外也可以写在右下方，
这种形式则表示写信人< /p>
与收信人之间的关系比较熟悉随便。下面是另一种齐头式信件的格式。
齐头式信件款式：
B:
折衷式信件款式：
用
折衷式书写信件，
其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。
第一段第一句的第一个单词必须 在
Dear
称呼的直接下面。
以后每段开头都要与第一段 第一个字对齐。
信尾的客套话和签名都写在右
下方。
朋友 之间写信一般都使用折衷式，
而且称呼与正文之间一般不空行。
具体款式和要求< /p>
参见后面的一些信件。
以下是一封折衷式信件。
3.
书信写作常用套句
It
is so great to hear from you again.
It
is a great pleasure for me to …
With
great delight I learned that …
I must apologize for not
writing to you sooner.
建议：
In my experience, it seems that _______ would make sense in your situation
In my opinion, it
would be wise for you to take the following
actions:
感谢：
I truly appreciate your kindness.
Thank you from the
bottom of my heart for...
道歉：
I apologize most sincerely for...
I am so
sorry to have put you through so much trouble...
邀请：
We would be honored to have you there with us...
I will cover all
the expense involved.
抱怨：
I very much regret to have to inform you that...
We will appreciate your willingness to
make up for the loss
I hope that the
above situation will be improved as soon as
possible
咨询：
I would like to request some information about...
Should I need to send further
materials, please let me know.
求职：In
anwser to your advertisement a post as … in your
office.
I hope I may be granted
an interview…
4.
各类常用信件例子
1
）感谢信
2
）祝贺信
3
）邀请信
4
）一般信件
5
）商业信件
5.
书信作文的出题形式和写作要领
< /p>
2001
年
6
月四级考试的作文题：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.
Suppose you are Zhang Ying.
Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours
who
is going to visit you during the
week-long holiday. You should write at least 120
words according to the suggestion given
below in Chinese:
1.
表示欢迎
2.
提出对度假安排的建议
3.
提醒应注意的事项
A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________.
Yours,
Zhang Ying
从上面的例子可见，
书信作文不仅给 出正文部分的内容的提纲，
而且还给出书信各部分
的结构的框架。
也就是说，
我们只要考虑如何表达提纲部分的内容，
而不用考虑书信的结 构。
在写书信作文时，
< p>首先要把书信正文的提纲内容细化，扩展成更细的英文提纲，
然后用
简洁、
明了、礼貌、正确和得体的语言表达出细化了的提纲内容。例如前面的那封 信就可以
列出下面的提纲：
Topic:
A
Letter
to
a
SchoolmateQuestion:
What
are
the
holiday
arrangements
and
points
for attention?
Outline:I. Extending my welcomeII. Holiday schedule1. 1st day
–
campus2. 2nd
day
–
the art gallery & music hall3. 3rd day
–
mountain climbing4. next 3 days
–
other
places
of
interest
(Swan
Cave,
Golden
Lake
…)5.
Last
day
--
departureIII.
Points for attention1. Train number &
time of arrival2. SunglassesIV. Looking
forward to seeing Body 1Body
2Conclusion
范文：
A Letter to A
Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
I’m very glad to learn that you’re going to visit me during the week
-long
holiday. My
parents will also be happy to see you again. I am
sure you will enjoy
every minute
here.
I have arranged our schedule for the holiday as follows. On the first day you
arrive, I’ll show
you around our campus. On the second day, we’ll
visit the art
gall
ery
and
the music
hall.
Next
day,
we’ll
climb
a hill
in
the northeastern
part
of the city. On the top of the hill, we
can have a wonderful bird’s eye view of
the city. During the next three days,
we’ll make some short trips to some places
of interest nearby, such as the Swan
Cave, the Golden Lake, etc. On the last day,
I’ll see you off at the railway
station.
Please remember to call and tell me your train number and time of arrival so
that I can meet you
at the railway station. By the way, it’s very hot
h
ere and
we have a lot of
sunshine, so don’t forget to wear you
sunglasses.
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Ying
写信日期称呼正文第一段 ：
表示欢迎正文第
2
段：
活动安排第一天的安排第 二天的安排
第三天的安排第
4-6
天的安排第七天：
送行正文第三段
（注意事项）
：
注意事项一注意事项
二结束语结尾礼词签名
上面举的是私人信件的例子，下面我们再来看一封投诉信（
Letter of Complaint
）
。
投诉信的目的是为了让收信人读信后同情你的遭遇
,
< p>解决你所遇到的问题。所以写投诉
信时应该实事求是地反映情况，
注 意措辞，
不使用过多的讽刺或责备的语言，
也不要因为发
泄怒气而离题，以避免引起收信人的不信任或反感。
一般而言，
投诉信包括以下内容：提出要求和理由；
解释详细的情 况；
把请求具体化以
及希望收信人采取行动的日期等。例如：
September 1, 2001
Dear Sir or Madam:
I’m writing t
o complain about a typewriter I bought seven months ago.
In February of 2001 I bought a Jones Typewriter, Portable Special Model, at
ABC Store, I had used it only a few
days when the space bar broke.
I took it to a local shop, they told me it was factory defect and suggest I
take it back to ABC. ABC accepted the
machine and sent the part in. I waited three
months, and since your company did not
send a replacement, they let me have the
space bar from another
typewriter.
Now, six months later, it has broken again. I took it back to ABC. They are
no
longer
carrying
your
typewriter,
but
they
assured
me
that
the
guarantee
is
still
good and suggested that I
write you for further instructions as to what
steps to
take.
I will appreciate anything you can do to help us on this matter.
Respectfully,
(Signature)
James Bergen
写信日期
称呼正文第一段：表明写信的目的正 文第二段：具体说明购买产品的时间、
地点及出现的问题第三段：说明尝试的解决方法<
/p>
第四段：说明尝试的解决方案无效，请求
帮助结尾礼词签
名打印的姓名
这是一封态度冷静、
措辞有理、
有节的投诉售后服务不周的信。
由于这类信涉及经销商
（厂家）和卖方，因此，投诉信中写明了以下详细的情况：
1
）
购物的时间：
In February of 2001
2
）
购物地点：
at ABC Store
3
）
产品型号：
Jones Typewriter, Portable Special Model
4
）
使用时间：
I had used it only a few days
；
six months later
5
）
主要问题：
The space bar broke
6
）
产生问题的原因：
factory defect
7
）
为什么向你方反映：
They are no longer carrying your typewriter, but they assured us that the
guarantee is still good
and suggested that I write you for further instructions as
to what steps to take.
(
商店已没有贵公司的打字机，但他们让我相信，保修卡仍有效，
并建议
我写信给贵公司以寻求解决办法
)
此外，写信人还用了礼貌的结束语：
I will appreciate anything you can do to help us on this matter. (
贵公司在这
件事
上给我的任何帮助都将令我不胜感激
)
小结：
1
）英文书信的结构；
2
）书信作文的出题形式；
3
）书信作文的写作要领。
下面我们进行写作练习。我将给大家一个作文题 ，请大家根据这一讲的内容，在
30
分
钟内完成。大家在
写作的过程中要注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的起首语和结束语等。
练习五：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.
Suppose you are Xiao Li. Write a letter
to Xiao Zhang, a roommate of yours who is
a
heavy
smoker.
You
should
write
at
least
120
words
according
to
the
suggestion
given
below in
Chinese:
1.
吸烟已成为宿舍的一大问题
2.
吸烟的危害
3.
建议戒烟
A Letter to a Roommate
March 16, 2002
Dear Xiao Zhang,
___________________________________ ____________________
_____________________________________________ __________
_____ __________________________________________________
_______________ _______________________________________.
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Li
参考文章
:
A Letter to a Roommate
March 16, 2002
Dear Xiao Zhang,
Recently I have noticed that you have been smoking heavily, which is becoming
a serious problem. As long as
you are in, our bedroom is filled with that
terrible
smell. The ashtray always
overflows with cigarette butts.
Your
are
ruining
your
health,
destroying
brain
cells
which
can
never
be
replaced,
not to mention the damage to your lungs
and windpipes. Smoking, especially heavy
smoking, correlates highly with lung
cancer. It is possible that you'll be caught
up with it. I'm not scaring you.
Besides, smoking is also harmful to the health
of our roommates and the friendship
among us. The roommates avoid being in the
bedroom for fear of being polluted. As
a result, the brotherhood among roommates
is gradually fading.
If I were you, I would try to get rid of the bad habit. It is not difficult
to break away from it if you are really
determined to quit. Remember 'Where there
is a will, there is a way'. I will
always be there to help, if you need.
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Li
6.
英语书信范文精选
一、感谢信
Sample 1
20 June 2006
Dear Mr.
Seaton
，
Thank you very
much for taking me with you on that splendid
outing to
London. It was the
first time that I had seen the Tower or any of
the
other famous sights. If I'd
gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as
much, because I wouldn't have known my
way about.
The weather was
splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I
still
remember some people told
me that in Britain there was weather and no
climate. During the same day, it might
snow in the morning, rain at noon,
shine in the afternoon and be windy
before the night falls. So I think I
was lucky.
I think
the river trip was the best thing of all. London
really came alive
for me as we
saw it from the Thames during that wonderful
journey down to
Greenwich. It
was all tremendously exciting
－
a day that I shall never
forget.
Thank you for
giving me such a great birthday treat.
Yours sincerely,
Linda Chen
Sample 2
20 July 2006
Dear Mr.
Wang,
Thank
you
for
taking
the
time
to
write
your
wonderful
letter
in
support
of
MCEA
(Maywood Chinese Education
Association). Your letter clearly articulates all
the
major reasons children in Maywood
will benefit from studying the Chinese language
as part of their elementary school
education. It provides invaluable support that
will
help
making
bilingual.
Chinese
education
a
reality
in
Maywood
public
schools.
Although MCEA would like to see Palo
Alto public schools implement the first
bilingual
Chinese
kindergarten
class
in
September
of
2006,
we
have
learned
that
the
school district must take the time to
understand how a new program will affect
existing educational offerings, and to
validate community
interest.
Nevertheless,
MCEA,
with
more
than
70
members,
will
continue
to
actively
promote
bilingual
Chinese
education
in
the
Palo
Alto
public
schools
and
will
keep
you
apprised
of
the
progress
we make.
Thanks again for sending a letter in
support of MCEA. We' will continue to do
all we can to realize this program both
for families of Chinese descent and those
with a general interest in
participating in the growing economic power of
China.
Yours
sincerely,
George Chen
Useful Expressions
Thanks for. . .
It was very nice/good of you to ...
Thank you very much for. . .
I must thank you for. . .
I am extremely grateful for your help. . .
I am most grateful for. . .
二、建议信
Sample 1
21 June
2006
Dear Mary,
Thanks for your last letter. I'm so
glad that you have been able (at last!) to
arrange
a
holiday
in
Australia.
As
I
fear
I
won't
be
able
to
meet
you
at
the
airport
when
you
arrive,
nor
will
I
be
able
to
be
home
until
later
in
the
afternoon,
so
here
are some instructions and
suggestions.
There
is
a
bus
from
the
airport
to
the
city.
It
is
much
cheaper
than
a
cab.
Take
the bus to the city and ask to get off
at Town Hall railway station.
To
get
to
my
place
in
the
eastern
suburbs
you
have
three
options.
You
can
either
take
a cab, a bus or
the train. I suggest you take the train, since the
airport bus
will leave
you right at the station. Get off at Cliff
Station. From there you can
either
walk
to
my
place
(about
ten
minutes)
or
take
a
taxi.
Probably
you
should
take
a
taxi as you will have luggage.
When
you
arrive
at
my
flat,
ring
the
intercom
for
Flat
2.
My
friend
Lillian
will
be at home and she will open the front
door for you and let you into my flat.
Presumably
you
will
be
tired
and
want
to
sleep.
But
if
you
feel
like
some
exercise
after that long flight,
you could stroll down to Cooper Park, which is
only ten
minutes away
? you can see it from the window.
Cheers
and looking forward to seeing you.
Yours sincerely,
Annie
.
I
will
leave
something
for
breakfast
in
the
fridge.
Help
yourself
to
anything
you
want.
Useful
Expressions:
Here are some instructions and suggestions.
May I suggest that we meet at the gate of the university?
I'd like to suggest you should visit London for at least two days on your
way to
Scotland.
Considering
your
present
situation,
I
propose
that
you
should
apply
for
the
post.
What I want to suggest is ...
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