-
Part I Writing (30
minutes)
1.
年轻人越来越趋向于打电话
2.
信件是否会被电话取缔
3.
我的观点
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Holy Squid! Photos Offer First Glimpse of Live Deep-Sea Giant
Like something straight out of a Jules Verne novel, an enormous tentacle creature looms out
of the inky
blackness of the deep Pacific waters.
But this isn't science fiction. A set of extraordinary images captured by Japanese scientists
mark the first-ever record
of a live giant squid (Architeuthis) in the wild.
The
animal
—
which
measures
roughly
25
feet
(8
meters)
long
—
was
photographed
2,950
feet
(900
meters)
beneath
the
North
Pacific
Ocean.
Japanese
scientists
attracted
the
squid
toward cameras attached to a baited
fishing line.
The scientists say they snapped more than 500 images of the massive cephalopod before it
broke
free
after
snagging
itself
on
a
hook.
They
also
recovered
one
of
the
giant
squid's
two
longest tentacles, which severed during
its struggle.
The
photo
sequence,
taken
off
Japan's
Ogasawara
Islands
in
September
2004,
shows
the
squid homing in on the baited line and
enveloping it in
Tsunemi
Kubodera
of
the
National
Science
Museum
in
Tokyo
and
Kyoichi
Mori
of
the
Ogasawara
Whale
Watching
Association
report
their
observations
this
week
in
the
journal
Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
its
elongated feeding tentacles to strike and tangle
prey,
They add that the squid was found feeding at depths where no light penetrates even during
the day.
Giant Breakthrough
Despite people's fascination with this deep-sea behemoth, the giant squid's life and habits
have remained
largely a mystery. The little information known
has been mostly based on dead
and dying
specimens that were caught by commercial fishing
boats or washed ashore.
The mysterious creature has inspired countless sea monster tales and has been the subject
of various scientific
expeditions.
Since the mid 1990s there have been a number of research trips in search of giant squid.
Cameras
attached
to
deep-diving
subs
or
sperm
whales
have
been
used
to
try
to
capture
the
elusive animals on film, but without
success.
The Japanese researchers used sperm whales as guides to help them pinpoint likely giant
squid
haunts. Over the years whalers have reported
finding a high number of large squid beaks in
the mammals' stomachs, pegging sperm
whales as primary predators of large squid.
The images are generating considerable excitement among squid experts.
Ellis, a research associate at
the American Museum of Natural History in New York
and author of
The Search for the Giant
Squid.
added.
all invertebrates. So the
Japanese film finaly breaks through and renders
the statement 'nobody
has ever seen a
living giant squid' inoperative.
Squid expert Martin Collins of the British Antarctic Survey based in Cambridge, England, says
the new images are a
The marine biologist says he was skeptical that a dedicated giant squid hunt would succeed.
He thought the
first wild sighting would probably come by
accident.
thought was a good area, and
found it,
Hunting for Clues
Collins is especially interested in clues the images might provide to the way giant squid swim
and
hunt in the deep ocean.
he said.
there for
some time.
Collins says there were two competing schools of thought among giant squid experts.
their tentacles below them like
fishing lures to catch what came by,
suggesting they are
active predators which can move reasonably
quickly.
are
capable of quite strong and rapid
movement,
The study team reports that the severed tentacle repeatedly gripped the boat deck and crew
after it
was hauled aboard. The squid's tentacles are armed
with suckers, each ringed with tiny
teeth to help snare prey.
Measuring 18 feet (5.5 meters) long, analysis of the tentacle confirmed it came from a giant
squid and allowed the
researchers to estimate the total length of the
animal.
But the researchers caution that their data assume the tentacle was severed at it base. If not,
the squid may have been considerably
larger. The longest giant squid on record measured
59 feet
(18 meters), including its two
elongated tentacles.
Shedding Light on Giant Squid
Giant
squid,
along
with
their
close
cousins
colossal
squid
(Mesonychoteuthis),
have
the
largest eyes of any animal.
squid
do
have
particularly
large
eyes,
which
would
suggest
vision
is
important
to
them. Having a large eye isn't unusual
in deep-sea animals-you see it quite often in
fish.
The fact that the animal caught on film was swimming in total darkness suggests the species
detects
prey
using
alternative
light
sources.
only
light
down
there
is
likely
to
be
light
produced by other animals,
The
Japanese
team
thinks
that
research
techniques
similar
to
their
own
could
be
used
to
bring
about
more
close
encounters
with
giant
squid.
Ellis
of
the
American
Museum
of
Natural
History agrees.
have an idea
of where to look for [the squid], we will
undoubtedly get more pictures.
1. The passage talks mainly about the studying of a live giant squid by American scientists.
2. The giant squid was photographed 2,950 feet beneath the North Pacific Ocean.
3.
The
observations
by
Tsunemi
Kubodera
and
Kyoichi
Mori
was
reported
in
the
journal
Proceedings of Royal
Society B.
4. The Japanese film is a breakthrough in the study of the giant squid's life and habits.
5. There are three competing schools of thought among giant squid experts.
6. The giant squid are capable of quite strong and rapid movement.
7. The longest giant squid on record measured 18 feet.
8.
Giant
squid,
along
with
their
close
cousins
colossal
squid,
have
the
largest
________________.
9. The giant squid swimming in total darkness detects prey using ________________.
10. The Japanese team thinks that research techniques similar to their own could be used to
bring about more
________________.
Part IV Reading
Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new
culture.
Experts
have
been
interested
in
these
effects
and
have
agreed
on
five
basic
stages
of
culture
shock.
These
stages
are
general
and
should
only
be
used
as
a
reference.
Not
every
individual will go through each stage,
and one stage may last longer than another for
different
individuals.
The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional
to be riding. One moment they feel very
positive toward the new culture, and the next
moment
very
negative.
It
seems
common
that
international
visitors
and
immigrants
vacillate
(
犹豫不
定
)between
loving
and
hating
a
new
country.
Feelings
of
separation
and
alienation
can
be
intensified if they do not have a sense
of fitting in or belonging.
Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense
of a greater need for sleep. This is
due not only to physical tiredness, but also to
mental fatigue.
This
mental
fatigue
comes
from
straining
to
comprehend
the
language,
and
coping
with
new
situations.
The
impact
of
culture
shock
can
vary
from
person
to
person.
There
can
be
significant
differences because
some
people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors
which play
into these are personality, language ability,
length of stay, and the emotional support
received.
It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will
feel
disoriented.
One
solution
some
have
found
is
to
bring
a
few
small
reminders
of
home.
Pictures, wall
hangings, favorite utensils, and
keepsakes(
纪念品
)are all good candidates to make
things
feel
more
familiar.
Another
helpful
activity
is
to
establish
little
routines
that
become
familiar over
time. Even better is fitting things that were part
of the regular routine back in the
home
country into the routine established in the new
culture. This will make people feel more at
home.
47. According to the 1st paragraph, experts have interests in ________________.
48. Emotional
49. When entering a new culture, the problems people face are ________________.
50. Coping with new situations may result in ________________.
51.
According
to
the
author,
the
more
effective
way
to
solve
shock
is
________________.