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2012
年
6
月大学英语四级考试写作辅导
(1)
记叙文的思路与练习
记叙文是以叙述人物的经
历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种
文体。
记叙文既可以以写 人为主，
又可以以写事为主。
写记叙文要注意记叙文的
“
六大要素”即：
时间
(When)
——
何时发生，有没有具体时间
?
地点
(Where)
——
何地发生，有没有地点变化
?
人物
(Who)
——
何人参与，谁是主角
?
事件
(What)
——
发生了什么，有何特点
?
原因
(Why)
——
事件的起因
?
结果
(How)
——
事件的经过及结局
?
一般说来，在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。
记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。
【例】四级考试中，只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作，即“
An
Early
Morning Walk
”
(1988.6.)
，
2003
年
6
< p>月出现过包含记叙文的作文，即“An
Eye-Witness
Account of a Traffic
Accident
”
。
对于“
An Early Morning Walk
”
，知道命题要求后，我们就要开始构思了。
When
：题目已规定了是“清晨”
，在这个时候，
“我”去散步。
Where
：
到哪儿 散步
?
去公园
?
在校园里
?
在街上
(
街上空气不好，
还是不去
!)< /p>
。
Who
：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老 年人、年轻人、小孩子
;
在校园里看到读
书背单词的学生
。
What
：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球 ，等等。
Why
：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼
< p>;一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。
当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。
参考范文
An Early Morning
Walk
One
morning
I
got
up
very
early
，
and
everything
around
was
very
quiet.
The
sun
had
just
risen
，
shining
brilliantly
and
everything
seemed
to
be
covered with a layer of golden silk.
There were only some birds singing
.
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occasionally in
the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward
the
park
，
breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.
When I arrived at the
park
，
I found
，
to my surprise
，
that there
were
so many people there. Men and women
，
boys and girls
，
all were
enjoying
themselves
in
their
various
activities.
Some
were
doing
morning
exercises
，
some were playing badminton and some old people were having
their tea while talking to
each other cheerfully.
I
wandered
around
the
park.
To
my
delight
，
I
found
a
few
middle-school
students talking to each other in
English in one corner of the park. I
went up and spoke to them in English.
We soon became friends. I was very
glad
to find another opportunity to practice my spoken
English. On the
way home
，
I realized that an early morning walk really was good and
healthful. Taking early
morning walks makes one healthy and wise.
【点评】文章按照时间顺序
(in
chronological
order)
，第一句话点明时间
(One
、人物
(
第一人称“
I
”
)
，并简要描述了早晨的特点
(What
was
the
setting)
，接着第二段第一句话交代地点
(in the park)
，然后介绍公园里人们
及作者的活动
(What
was
happening)
，最后在文章结尾点 题，即，归纳中心思想
——
Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.
仅仅
189
个单
词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”
，又有明确 的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方
式符合要求。
1.
以“
A Most Unlucky Day
”为题，想想该怎么写。注意：题目的中心词
是“
unluc ky
”
。
When
：
Where
：
Who
：
What
：
Why
：
How
：
参考思路
.
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When
：哪一天是 最倒霉的日子
?
考前的晚上
?
公布成绩的日子
?
周末
?
Where
：
在大街上违章停车
?
在学校
?
在商场< /p>
?
在经常光顾的地方——食堂、
餐
厅、麦当
劳、图书馆、溜冰场、投影厅
?
Who
：是我倒霉
?
是好友
?
你
?
那个蛋 白质室友
?
What
：拿到罚单
?
上课上班迟到
?
失恋
?
被窃
< p>?四级没过
?
Why
：倒霉嘛，无 非是运气不好，睡过头了、态度恶劣、偷懒、不刻苦…
How
：一团糟，挨批，心情极度沮丧，不过也无所谓嘛…
想完之后，
我们再花点儿功夫将关联的东东挑出来，别忘了本文的中心是
“
unlu cky
”
。
.
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201
2
年
6
月大学英语四级考试写作辅导教程
(2)
根据自己的思路，写一篇文章：
参考范文
A Most Unlucky
Day
I
had
a
streak
of
tough
luck
yesterday.
Everything
，
it
seemed
to
me
，
went wrong.
And I simply couldn
’
t understand why all the bad things
happened to me in
one single day.
In
the
morning
，
as
luck
would
have
it
，
my
alarm
clock
didn
’
t
ring
，
and with an
aching head I woke up half an hour later than
usual. I was
in
such
a
hurry
that
，
when
making
an
omelet
，
I
got
my
fingers
burnt
and
splashed the omelet all over the floor
of the kitchen.
Having no time for my
breakfast at that point
，
I rushed out of my
house with an empty
stomach and
hurting
fingers. I had
intended to catch
the
7:30
subway
，
but
somehow
I
couldn
’
t
make
it.
I
became
very
nervous
at
the
mere
thought
of
being
late
for
my
English
class
，
because
my
English
teacher is very strict
and demanding
，
and he gets angry whenever any
student is late for his
class.
After
getting
off
the
7:40
subway
，
I
raced
all
the
way
from
the
station
to my
school
，
thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at
this
hour
of
the
day.
At
the
corner
of
the
street
near
my
school
，
I
abruptly
bumped into a man
and
，
worse luck
，
broke the glasses I had bought for
500 yuan
just last week. With scarcely any time to receive
or offer an
apology
，
I just kept on running and running. At long last
，
I arrived
at the
school only to find
，
with great sadness mixed with some relief
，
that the school was empty and the
classrooms were all locked. It was
Saturday.
My ill luck showed
no sign of coming to an end. When I returned home
greatly
frustrated
，
I
found
myself
locked
out.
In
my
hurry
I
had
forgotten
to bring the key with
me. Just my luck!
.
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【点评】
这篇文章按 照时间顺序一气呵成。
文章的标题、
第一句和最后一句
都
点出了中心思想：
“
I had a most unlucky day
”
。故事从作者醒来开始，在慌
慌张张中煎蛋卷、赶地铁、急奔
学校、撞破眼镜、发现白忙乎了一场，最后猛然
清醒——匆忙之中忘了钥匙
!
整个故事描述得精彩生动，既有动作的细节又有作
者内心的感受，让
读者也身临其境地体会了倒霉的一天。
.
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2012
年
6
月大学英语四级考试写作辅导教 程
(3)
根据以下提示叙述一场交通事故：
1)
用第一人称
;2)
短语提示：
drive
home
at
about
30
kilometers
an
hour;it
was
dark;a
small
girl
chased
a
dog;not
hit
her but hit a car in the other
direction3)
写出作者对此交通意外的感想。
参考范文
Last night I was
driving home from work. I had an accident. I was
following
behind
a
truck
，
driving
at
about
30
kilometers
an
hour.
I
was
watching the traffic carefully because
it was getting dark.
Suddenly
a
small
girl
ran
onto
the
road
from
the
left.
She
was
chasing
a dog and she wasn
’
t paying
any
attention to the traffic. I immediately
applied the brakes and
turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.
The girl jumped towards the side of the
road as soon as she saw my
car.
Fortunately I did not hit her
，
but I hit a car coming in the other
direction. Luckily I was not driving
very fast so the damage was not
serious. It is better to damage a car
than to injure a young child
，
I
thought to myself.
B
：
以第一人称写一篇记叙文，讲述在旅行中经历的一件小事。
参考范文
Go on a
Mediterranean Journey
My
wife and
I have
always enjoyed traveling by sea
，
and last year we
decided
to
go
on
a
Mediterranean
journey.
Although
our
holiday
was
rather
expensive
we
thought
that
the
high
standard
of
accommodation
，
the
first-class food and the many
interesting places we saw were well worth
the price we paid.
We
found
that
most
of
the
other
passengers
were
friendly
and
interesting
，
but there was one man
，
a Mr. James
，
who irritated and
annoyed us. Whatever subject we talked
about
，
it seemed that he was an
expert
at
it.
He
had
，
apparently
，
read
more
books
，
visited
more
countries
and
studied
more
languages
，
than
anyone
else
had.
After
a
few
days
，
we
.
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ate
our
meals
in
silence
，
because
nobody
wanted
to
begin
a
conversation
that would
soon be taken over by this man.
Then my
wife had an idea. She suggested that we might
think of an
unusual
subject
，
look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it
at
dinner. If it were an unusual
subject
，
Mr. James could not possibly
know anything about it. The
subject we chose was
“
English Agriculture
in
the
Eleventh
Century.
”
At
dinner
that
night
we
discussed
this
subject
with great enthusiasm. Mr.
.