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隋炀帝的诗2015考研英语笔记

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://bjmy2z.cn/zuowen
2020-12-30 15:07
tags:高等教育, 研究生入学考试

-

2020年12月30日发(作者:葛启)




201 5

英语考试共

3

个小时,分完型、阅读和写作(大小作文)


建议答题顺序


若觉得刚开始答题比较清醒则:


1

一开始,精力充沛,先做

Part A

(四篇阅读)

< p>,

18min/

篇(

15~20min


2

再做翻译,共

5

句。

5min/

句(

25~30min


3

新题型(排序题)

30min


4

小作文

10~15min

100

字)


5

大作文

30min

160~200

字)


6

完型

13~15min


若觉得刚开始答题状态还没调整好则:

按题目顺序答题


1

2

00~2:15

完型


2

2:15~3:20

阅读

4


3

3:20~3:40

新题型


4

3:40~4:05

翻译


4:05~4:20

小作文


4:20~5:00

大作文

< br>PS

:考研前一年的

9

月份每个周六下午

2

00~5

00

摸考训练,要做 最近几年的真题


一个星期做一套题,不要只看答案,要精读总结


考试前做份简单的,增加信心


一、

完型(考语法和词汇)答题技巧——八原则


(一)虚拟语气原则


1

条件状语从句中的虚拟


(1)

与现在事实相反


从句:

If did(were)

主句:

would/should/could/might do


(2)

与过去事实相反


从句:

If had done

主句:

would/should/could/might have done


(3)

与将来事实相反


did


从句:

If

were to do

主句:

would do


should do


考点


1

错综条件句


If you had come tomorrow,you could see him tomorrow

(真实情况是明天你不会来)


2

倒装句


had

were

should

移到句首,变成倒装(此点考察难度比较大)


3

but

or

(否则)

otherwise

用虚拟


I was ill yesterday,otherwise,I would have come to see you.


2

、宾语从句中的虚拟


1

I wish that

did(were)

现在


had done

过去


I wish I had a lot of money

我希望我有钱

(实际上现在没有钱)



- 1 -



2

suggest that (should)do


考点


1

第三人称(

he< /p>

she

it


I suggest that he

study

hard.


2

not do


I suggest that he

not

study

hard.


3

be done


I suggest that the work be done


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PS

:表建议的词:


Advi se/propose/recommend/move

(提议)

/order/ demand/request/insist

(表“坚决要求”用虚


拟 ,表“坚持”用真实语气)


表命令要求的词:


3

would rather that did

希望

……


I would rather that you stayde at home


3

、主语从句中的虚拟


1

I t is suggested that (should)do


2

It is important/necessary/essential/vital/imperative that (should)do


3

It is time that did


4

、表语从句中的虚拟


My suggestion/advice/proposal/recommend ation/motion/order/request/requirement that(should)do


5

、其他


1

as if/through

did

与现在事实相反


had did

与过去事实相反


he looks at me as if he had known me.


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kaoyanyun

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2

lest

(以免、以防、万一)

should do


He put on more clothes lest he should get cold


3

If only

(句首)

要是。

。就好了,表强烈希望


If only

did


Had done


4

May

(放句首)

do

祝愿


May you succeed


5

whether do

不管


Whether he be rich or poor,she will marry him


Be he rich or poor,she will marry him

(倒装)


She will marry him

(?)

rich or poor?

(难句)


A

he is

B

is he

C

he be

D

be he


虚拟考点网络图


关于

If

在完型中的选择


As if

一般为正确选项——可根据意思和结构其正确性


If only

一般为错误选项


Only if

(只有在。

。条件下)

一般为正确选项


Even if

一般为正确选项



- 2 -



If so

一般为错误选项


(二)从句原则


从句可分为:名词性从句、形容词性从 句(即定语从句)

、副词性从句(状语从句)


名词性从句分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句


形容词性从句分为:关系代词引导的定语从句和关系副词引导的定语从句


副词性从句分为:时间、条件、原因、地点、让步、因果状语从句(

6< /p>

种)


1

名词性从句


三大考(难)点:

what

that

、其他


1

what

的用法


特点:①充当主语或宾语

②“的”字结构


What

he said is right(what

said

的宾语,翻译 为“他所说

是对的

)


(2)that

的用法


①不充当任何成分

②无意义


That he is a good student is known to all


(4)

其他:

wh-


①充当成分

②自身的意义,本意


Whenwherewhywhowhomwhosewhichwhetherhow


When we will have a meeting isn

t clear.


2

同位语从句——必须用

that


The news that he passed the exam made me happy.


(1)

从句所修饰的名词一般是

newsideafactevidencesign


(2)

从句一般用来说明前面名词的内容


(3)

从句中不缺少任何成分


3

、定语从句(该句型要会用于写作中)


1

)关系代词

先行词是人:

who whom whose that


先行词是物:

which whose that


关系副词

when where why


This is the man who teaches us English

(先行词是人)


①作主语或宾语

②代替先行词的意思


This is the book which bought today(

先行词是物

)


考点


1

只用

that

引导的定语从句

< br>(

1

)先行词是

sth,anything,everyt hing,nothing,all

等不定代词


2

)先行词被

some,any,every,no,all

修饰时


3

)先行词被

the only,the very

修饰时


4

)先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时


5

)先行词前既有人又有物时


6

)以

what

< p>who

开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句


2

只用

which

引导的定语从句


(1)

非限定性定语从句中


(2)

在介词后


3

介词

+

关系代词


There are thirty students in our class,of whom most are from the north.


4

As

引导的定语从句



- 3 -



(1)

当先行词被

the same

such

修饰时


I bought such a book as you bought


(2)

先行词是整个句子时


(3)

当定语从句放句首时(

“正如“的意思)


As is known to all,he is a good student


5

than

引导的定语从句


当先行词被比较级修饰时


I have more money than you give me


关系副词


This is the school

where

I met her


①先行词是地点

②作地点状语

③代替先行词的意思


This is the day

when

I met her


①先行词是时间

②作时间状语

③代替先行词的意思


This is the reason why


①先行词是原因

②作原因状语

③代替先行词的意思


考点


先行词是时间却不能用

when

引导


The day which he spent with her will stay in his mind forever


先行词是地点却不能用

where

引导


This is the school which he visited.


4

状语从句


1

时间状语

when

which

as(so)long as

as far as


2

原因

because

since

as

for


3

地点

where


4

条件

if

once

(一旦)

unless

(除非)


5

目的

so that

in order that

(从句中一般只有情态动词)


6

让步

although

though


从句考点网络图


in that=because

因为


now that

既然——让步状语


seeing that

既然


provided(that)

假如、如果——条件状语


in case that

如果


except that

so that

没有“

such that

”这种搭配!


(三)倒装原则


否定词的倒装:


neither,nor,

not

放在句首 时,要将助动词放到主语前面


I can

t speak English,neither can he


Looks at the two boys,neither of them comes from USA


Not untill I get home will he go to bed


(

)

复现原则


1

、原词复现:选项中出现正文里原封不动的词


2

、同意复现:选项中出现正文里意思相近的词


3

、反义复现:选项中出现正文里意思相反的词



- 4 -



(五)并列原则


1

、并列句中


A

B

C,and X ____Y

成分找成分(即

A

X

对应,

C

Y

对应,则< /p>

B

____


应)


Whereas

while

instead

but


2

并列连词


instead of


A

or

B

better than

other than


rather than


3

of

前后并列


A of B

the city of beijing


(

)

释义原则


(七)逻辑原则——转折、因果


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从 句中用

although/because

的概率达

50%

,主句中

however

的概率占

90%




二、

作文


(一)小作文——应用文


1

要求:


100

字(答题卡上共

11

行,最好写满,差不多

150

字)

,笔尖不要细的,不要用浅色笔写

(作文扫描到网上阅卷,太细太浅看不清)


2

、内容:


辞职、申请、建议、道歉、通知、邀请、推荐、求职、投诉等


3

、应用文的六句口诀:


1

)开门见山说意图

2

)信息要点覆盖全


3

)不同方面可分段(用

fiist second third

分条写)


4

)咨询建议分点好

5

)感谢客气

6

)期待回信


4

、小作文综合模板


(Jan.10.2011)


称呼:


第一段:

照抄或改编小作文的要求部分


第二段:

三点建议或原因


第三段:

I am looking forward to your reply


Yours


(二)大作文(以图画题为主,极小可能出图表题)


1

要求:


160~200

字,写成三段论,一段

6

句话,注 意句式和词汇(闪光词)的使用


句子要切题、条理

< /p>


PS

主旨词一定要尽量在文中均匀重复出现!

< p>!


2

主题句的写法


主题三要素:

1

topic

2

controlling idea

论述方面

3

)吸引人的方面


Good study habbit

are

useful

to college student



- 5 -



主题

论述方面


There are

three

reasons why I love her


论述方面

主题


BMW is a

fine

car


论述太宽泛,不好


3

大作文写作格式(图画式作文)


1

第一段:描述图画


主动式


The picture(cartoon/d rawing)shows/manifests/depicts/describe


According to the figures shows in table/graph/bar chart ,we can see that


被动式


As is shown/depicted in the picture


介词短语


In the picture


2

第二段:若是反映哲理的图则阐述寓意,反映现象的图就分析原因


若是哲理题


Having scrutinized

审查)

the details of the picture,we can discuss the implications

(寓意)

subtly


conveyed from it.


Now

people

in

growing/increasing/significant

numbers

are

beginning

to

realize


(understand/recognize/accept/be awared)that


翻译图画下面的文本提示语


主题词

(无提示语,需自己总结的)

is of great important in our daily life


若是现象题


Recently the issue/problem/question/phenomenon of

.has been in the limelight


Recently the issue +

同位语

has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among


the general public


3

第三段:若是反映哲理的图则发表评论,反映现象的图就提出建议


若是哲理,就评论


In

my opinion/view

as far as I am concerned

from

my own perspective

I

strongly hold


that


As

far

as

I

am

concerned,I

strongly

hold

that

such

a

virtue/phenomenon

should

be


advocated(prevented)openly and enthusiastically


若是现象,就建议


As far as I am concerned,I strongly hold two effective measures should be taken to cope with the


phenomenon.


第一段:①概述

②描述

③引申

:

翻译图中提示语或使用万能句子


第二段:①寓意

②原因


第三段:①观点

②分析

③总结

PS

:收尾三招:强调主题、总结主题、展望未来

=>It


will only be a matter of time before the problem become things of the past.


段落扩展的四大杀手锏(主要用于第二段)


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1

)作比较

2

)找原因

3

)举例子

4

)混合使用


5

、图表类型作文(与图画题格式类似)


柱状图

bar chart

饼状图

pie chart



- 6 -



As is shown in the graph,the total chart is divided into

尽可能少罗列数字


Total

is divided in four parts,with A

B

C and D making up % % % % respectly


The total...is divided into four part,with A and B making up

%totally.

抓主要矛盾


引申:尽管图中数字看起来是孤立存在的,但事实上他们是紧密相连的


Isolated as the figures seem to be,as a matter of fact,they are connected to one another closely


(三)

句子写作


1

五个基本句型


1

主语

< p>+

系动词

+

表语


She is beautiful


All the tourists seemed pleased


2

主语

< p>+

谓语(

Vi


Everybody laughs


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3

主语

< p>+

谓语(

Vt

+

宾语


He opened the door


4

主语

< p>+

谓语

+

间接宾语

+

宾语


I gave

the old man some money


间接宾语

直接宾语


I gave some money to the old man


5

主语

+

谓语

+

宾语

+< /p>

宾语补足语


We found him safe and sound

形容词


We caught them stealing apples

动名词


They advised him to accept theoffer

不定式作宾补


We elected him the new monitor.

名词


2

句子扩展法(

3

途径)


1

增加修饰成分


①形容词或副词

②同位语做插入语

③介词结构作修饰


In

a

sun-shining

summer

afternoon,the

pump

old

zhang

,with

a

white

shirt,an

old

guy


in his forties,enthusiastically

gives us

a

disappoint

writing lecture

,more

boring


than the reading lecture.


2

从属结构


名词性从句


三大难点:

“的”字结构用

what

不缺结构用

that

自身意义用其他


定语从句(作文中一定要用到)


想到她

/

他就用

who

代替物体用

which

表示“谁的”用

whose


写到谓语停一停,注意谓语的单复数形式及时态变化

< br>状语从句(

6

种)


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3

并列句


And

but

so

than

either

or

neither

nor


4

非谓语动词


若前后主语相同,去一个主语,将句号改逗 号,并将其中一个动词

+ing

having done


我是一名教师,我讲课(前后主语相同都是“我”

I

am

a

teacher,I

give

classes=>Being

a


teacher,I give classes

I ,being a teacher,give classes


我不是一名教师,我讲课



- 7 -



I ,not being a teacher,give classes

现在分词否定时


我过去是学生,但现在我讲课


I ,having been a students,give classes

现在分词完成时


I ,not having been a students,give classes


How can you,not being a fish,know the happiness of a fish?

(汝非鱼,安知鱼之乐乎?)


若前后主语不相同,用独立主格结构


It is hot today,I stay at home=>It being hot today,I stay at home.


3

段落的扩展


扩展要求:

1

)段落统一性


2

)段落连贯性:使用代词、过渡词、

关键词的重复


扩展方法:


1

列举法

listing/addition


2

举例法

examplification


3

描述法

description


4

因果法

cause-effect


5

比较对比法

comparison and contrast


6

分类法

classification


7

定义法

definition


4

高分词


1

Very


Exceedingly/excessively/extremely/surpass ingly/absolutely/highly


2

Although


Admitting that/conceding that/in spited of the fact that/for all that


3

Because


Considering that/seeing that/on the ground that/on account of the fact that/in the light of the fact


that


4

If


Providing that/assuming that/in case that/supposing that


5

When


The instant/moment that


6

good/bad


desirable/satisfactory/pleasant


7

like


appreciate/delight in/take pleasure in/be crazy about


8

enough


abundant/adequate/ample/sufficient


9

many


a multitude of/a mass of/a sea of


10

more and more people


people in growing/increasing/significant numbers


11

most students


an overwhelming majority of/a sizable percentage of/a significant proportion of


12

think


harbor/hold the view(idea)that

take the attitude that



- 8 -

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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