-
写作的程式,技巧
一.写作的基本程式
:(1)
审题 p>
;(2)
确定写作方法
;(3)
安排结构
;(4)
认定主题
句
;(5)
材料的选择与组织
.
1
.写作方法
: p>
四级试题共有五种题型
,
即
,1.
现象解释型
; 2.
对比选择型
;3.
问
题解决型
;4.
观点论证型
;5.
应用文
.
2
.
写作的技巧
(1).
段落的基本构成安排
:
四级作文在大多数情况下采用三段式结构。
主题
句、扩展句和结尾句。
主题句
(
Topic sentence
)
:主题句必须概括段落的主要内容,或者
指出
作者的主要写作意图,
反映文章段
落的
中心思想。
主题句的位置通常位于
段
首。
扩展句
(
Supporting
sentence):
扩展句是主题句内容的延伸和语意
的补充,起着进一步阐述主题句,扩
展
段落中心的作用。扩展句通常位于
文章
的第二段。
结尾句
(Concluding sentence):
段落结尾句一般用来总结段落的中
心思
想,同时在段落中起着段意收
尾的作
用。在四级作文中通常用一、
二句话
归纳总结段落内容,浓缩全
段的主
旨。段落结尾的写法大致为
两种:
A.
说明段落的内容,因此段落结尾常常和段落主题句在意义上相互
呼
应;
B.
复述主题句的内容,段落结尾句可以用不同的方式再现主题,有
时甚
至就是段落的主题句。
二.现象解释型十二句作文模板
3
.现象解释型的三段式结构:
第一段:描
述现象;第二段:说明现象产生的原因;
第三段:表明个
1
人的观点态度或阐述个人做法
1.
现象解释型模板一:
Topic:
(1) Rece ntlv,
.(2)What amazes
us most is
.(3)lt is true that
(4)There are many reas ons
expla ining
main reas on is
.(6)What is
more,
result,
.
.(7)Thirdlv,
.(5)The
.(8)As a
(9)Co nsideri ng all these,
.(10)For one
thing,
. (11)For ano ther,
con
clusi on
.(12)In
提示
:
Topic:
所给题目
第
现象做出的结论
第二段
:
⑷承上启下
,解释这一现象的原因
;
(5)
说明原因一 p>
(
6)
原因二
; (7)
原因三
;
一
段
< p>:
(
3)
对于
( 1)
描述现象,引起话题
;
(2)
表现较为典型的一个方面
(
8)
;
第三段
:
(
9
)
作者的态度
;
(10)
观点一
;
(11)
观 点二
;
Exercise:
总结全文
.
2
Directions: For this part, you are
allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on
the
topic: The Role of Man in Modern
Family. You should write at least 120 words and
you
should base your composition on the
chart and the outline (given in
丈夫参与教育
子女人数
丈夫做家务的
人数
Chin ese)
below:
1.
现代社会,越来越多的男人参与到家务劳动中
;
2.
男人在工作之余承担家庭义务的原因;
3.
我的观点。
套用现象解释型模板一的范文
3
The Role of Man
in Modern Family
(1) Recently ,
Chinese families have been undergoing many
changes. (2)
W
that there are 7 out lOhusba nds who
are volun tary to do housework. (3)
husba nds un dersta nd their wives
well.
(4) There are many reas
ons explai ning
husbands
'
participation in children
husba
nds find it won derful do housework. (8)
family members.
(9)
Con sideri ng all these, I believe that the husba
nd will play a more impo For one
thi
ng,
people will pay more atte nti on to childre n
'
educati on. (11) Fo
the husba nd is playi
(145 Words)
beco ming
more and more socialized. (12) In con clusi on,
role in modern families.
the situatio n show n in the
chart.(
'
education is very important. (7
As a result,
more husba nds a
that the husba
nd in a double-i ncome family can spe nd more time
on the ho more ,
It is t
现象解释型模板二
Topic:
__________________
(1)As
is known to all, ______________ .(2) People seem
to get accustom
fact,
__________________ .
(4) The
reas ons of
________
lie in several aspects. (5) Firstly,
_______
Secondly,
_
___________ . (7) Thirdly, _____________ . (8) Finally,
_
_____________
(9) As a
matter of fact, ____________
.
(10) On the one hand,
__________ .(
_. (12) Therefore, _
_.
4
套用现象解释型模板二的范文
:
(2)People seem to get accustomed to
husband
'
participation
in doing housework. (3)1 n
fact,
Chin ese families have bee n un derg
oing many cha nges.
(4)The
reasons of the situation shown in the chart lie in
several aspects. (5)Firstly, the
husba
nd in a double-i ncome family can spe nd more time
on housework. (6)Sec on dly,
the
husband
'
participation in children
are glad to be with the family.
(9)As a matter of fact, the husband
will play a more important role in the family.
(10)On
the one hand, people will pay
more atte nti on to childre n
'
educatio n. (11) On the other
hand,
wome n are beco
ming more and more socialized. (12)Therefore, the
husband is playing a
multi-functional
role in modern families.
'
education is very
(1)As
is known to all, there are 7 out 10 husba nds who
are volun tary to do housework.
important. (7)Thirdly, many husbands
find it pleasant doing housework. (8)More husba
nds
现象解释型模板三
___________________ __________________________________________
Topic:
_______________
(1)Nowadays, ____________ .(2)For
one
thing, ______
another , _______________
.(4)lt is obvious __________
.
(5)
Many remarkable factors con tribute to ____________________________ .(6)
all, ___________ .(7)In addition,
_
_________
.(8)Thirdly, ______________
.
(9) As to me,
________________ .(10)AS we know, ____________
.(11)Besides,__
(12)In a word,
_____________
.
套用现象解释型模板三的范文
5
(l)Nowadays, Chin ese families have bee
n un derg oing many cha nges. (2)For one
thing, there are 7 out 10 husba nds who
are volun tary to do housework. (3)For ano ther,
participati ng in housework more tha n
ever before.
(5)Ma ny remarkable
factors con tribute to the situati on.
(6)
participati on in
childre n
'
educati on is very importa nt.
First of all, the
husba nd in a
double-i ncome family can
spe nd more time on housework. (7)1 n additi on,
husba nds
'
more and more
husba nds un dersta nd their wives well. (4)It is
obvious that husba nds are
(8)Thirdly,
many husbands find it wonderful do house
work.
(9)As to me, I believe
that the husband will play a more important role
in the family.
(10)As we know, more
husbands are glad to have more time to be with
their family
members. (11)Besides,
people will pay more atte nti on to childre n
'
educati on. (12)1 n a
word, the husba nd is play ing a multi-functional
role in modern
families.
Homework:
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to
write a composition on the topic:
College Students Owning Mobile Phones.
You should write at least 120 words and you
should base your composition on the
chart and the outline (given in Chin ese)
below:
Cha
比
***
大学手机持有率
:
35%.
1.
随着生活水平的提高
,
< br>越来越多的大学生拥有手机
;
2.
为什么会出现这种现象
?
3.
我的看法
.
范文
:
College Stude
nts Owning Mobile Pho nes
(1)
Recently, owning mobile phones have become
very
popular among college stude
nts. (2) What amazes us most is ______
that 35% of the college stude nts keep
mobile pho nes. (3) It is _____
true that the mobile phone has become a
new n ecessity for com mon students.
(4) There are many reasons explaining
the wide spread of the mobile phones on
6
campus. (5) The main reas on is that
______________________
the
price of mobile phone has dropped rapidly. (6)
What is
________
more,
college students
need mobiles to seek employment
before graduati on.
(7) Thirdly, mobile pho ne can meet their daily
dema nds in
telecom muni cati on. (8)
As a result, many college stude nts hold mobile
phon es.
(9) Considering all
these, more students may buy mobile phones in the
future.
(10) For one thong, the actual
dema nds for mobile phones will in crease. (11)
For ano
ther, both the price of mobile
phones and fees of calling will decrease further.
(12) In
con clusi on, most stude nts
will own phones sooner or later.
Mistakes in writing :
〔
.Nowadays, (there are )3
out 10 college students own mobile phon es.
of all, people become rich and more
and more family can afford it.
4. As we known, in formati on is very
importa nt today to college stude nts.
5. besides, mobile phone has other
useful and in teresti ng factors/fu ncti
ons.
7
2.
对比选择型作文模板
I.
三段式作文的结构安排
题型
对比选
择型
第一段
表明一方或
双方由的观
点及理
第二段
表明另一方的观点及
理由,指出双方观点
不足之处及理由
第三段
表明个人态度或阐述个
人做法
II.
对比选择型作文模板
1
.
模板一
1.
Differe nt
people have
differe nt
views on
2. Some people prefer
1.
开门见山直入主体,表明对某
事
人们的不同看法。
—
2.
表明部分人的看法。
3.
另一部分的看法。
3. Others tend
to
4.
As to me, I agree with
/to
5. Of
course,
6.
F
or example,
.
.
4.
作者的看法。
5.
承认自己不赞同的看法有一定
的
合理性。
7.
B
ut,
8.
The follow ing reas ons
can acco unt
for
6.
举例说明支持第五句。
my
7
转折指出这种观点的不足。
8
prefere nee.
己所支持的观点的理由。
9.
The main reason is that
9
.
支持观点的理由一。
10.
举例说
< p>明
理由一。
11.
理由二。
12.< /p>
总结全
文,
10.
A
good example to
从长远看来。
illustrate
is
11. Fur ano ther,
12.
m the forego ing,
Fro
—
真题:
Is a test of spoken necessary?
A test of spoke n En
glish will
optional component of the
College
Differe nt people have differe
nt views on
be in eluded
as an
English Test (CET).
it. Some prefer
to
have such a test. Others tend to decline any kind
of test of spoken English.
As
to
me, I agree with the first
stateme nt.
Of course
, a test of spoken English is very difficult to
han dle and the test
time is not long
eno ugh to fully display participa nts
'
ability to spoke n in En glish.
example, if a can didate draws a topic
which he of she is
9
For
not familiar with, it
'
s hard to show his or her comma nd
of spoken English. But without such a
test, some people may not have motivati on
to practise spoke n En glish. The
follow ing reas ons can acco unt for my prefere
nee
The main reason
is that such a test enhances college
students
'
awareness of the importanee of spoken English. A good example to
illustrate
is that several years ago,
skills,
college students only stressed reading and writing
ignoring to building up
listening
and speaking ability. For
another, a certificate of such a test
will makejob-hunting easier. From the
foregoing , I think a test of spoken
English is of n ecessity.
2
.
模板二
1.
There is no complete
agreement amongpeope as
2.
Some people con sider
3. However, others think
people may say
—
4
.
观点一的理由。
5
.
深入阐述观
点
5.
They hold this opinion
because
.
6.
1.
开门见山直入主体,表明对某
事
人们的不同看法。
2.
表明部分人的看法。
3.
另一部分的看法。
一的理由。
6.
观点二的理由。
However,
others
io
believe
argue that
nally,l
favor of the
9. Firstly,
ndly,
7
深入阐述观点二的理由。
am in
8
我的看法。
9.
个人看法依据。
10.
个人看法依据二。
important
of all,
11.
个人看法依据三。
12
总结全文。
ng
above-me ntioned
factors
in to con
siderati on, we/I
may reas on
ably
con clude
that
3
.
模板三
1.
When asked about
—
—
,differe nt
people will
offer differe
nt opinions.
2. Some people take
it for
gran ted that
.
3. In their
opinion,
4. Besides,
5. However, others hold
6.
They mai nta in
7.
And
8.
Weigh ing up
these
argume nts, 1 am for
9.
For one thing,
10.
For an ther,
11.
For in sta nee,
1
.
开门见山直入主体,表明对某
事
人们的不同看法。
2
.
提出观点一。
3
.
观点一的理由一。
4
.
观点一的理由二
—
5.
提出观点二。
6.
观点二的理由一。
7
观点二的理由二。
8
我的观点。
9.
个人观点理由一。
10.
个人观点理由二。
11.
举例说明。
11
ore,
above,
as stated
12.
综上所述再次强调自己的观
点。
Is a
test of spoke n n ecessary?
A
test of spoke n En glish will be in eluded as an
opti onal comp
onent of the College En
glish Test (CET). When talking about it, different
people will offer differe nt opinions .
Somepeople take it for gran ted that
college stude nts should take a test of
spoke n En glish.
In their
opinion , it is good cha nee for them to test
their spoken English.
Besides , it also
makes them know the importa nee of spoke n En
glish.
However, others hold that
a test of spoke n En glish is unn ecessary
in the uni versity and colleges.
maintain that college students
'
practice of spoken
And
they
They
En
glish is not for testi ng but for daily use.
think it is hard to man age such a
subjective test.
Weighing up
these two arguments, I am for the first point of
view. For
one thing , spoke n En glish
is very importa nt. For ano ther, a test of
spoke n En glish can guide and
supervise students to make conversation
practice. For in sta nee , whe n choos
ing books and other materials,
students
can pick them according to the
bands
12
of the test they want to take.
Therefore, as stated above, the first point of
view can hold water.
Homework:
1.
Why Are We for Gun Control or
Not
2. Shoule College Stude nts
Live alone or Not?
1)
.
有人认为大学住宿应该独处一室
2)
.
有人认为应该与同学合住
3)
.
我的观点
3. City Life or
Suburban Life
.1).
有人喜欢乡村生 活
2)..
有人喜欢都市生活
4.
City Life and Suburban Life
1)
.
最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住
2)
.
城市生活和近郊生活各有特点
3)
.
比较起来,我喜欢的是
…
13
3).
我的观点
问题解决型
此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手,解
释提示性文
字、图表、图画反映出的问题,提出问题的危害
< p>性或解决这一问题的紧迫
性;然后对问题展开分析,提出解
决问题的方案或应对措施;
最后一段要
求考生表明自己的态
度、做法等。
一
.
问题解决型作文模板
1.
模板一
1. With
the development
/improvement of
■
2. It is necessary
that
.
,
1
.
空格一处铺垫,空格一处填
写某
一问题。
2
.
关注解决现象引出的问题很
必
要。
3. On the
one hand,
4. On the other hand,
5. Therefore, how to
.
3.
解决问题很必要的理由一。
4.
解决问题很必要的理由二。
is
5.
承上启下,填要解决的问题。
6.
解决办法一。
7
解决办法二。
Secondly
,
.
.
8.
举例解释解决办法二。
9.
解决办法三。
.
10 .
阐明解决办法三。
worth paying attention to.
6.
F
irstly
,
7.
8.
F
or example,
9.
T
hirdly,
——
.
other words,
14
11
」
n fact, ways to
-
----
a
re
countless.
'
time that ------
.
11.
指出解决问题的办法多种
多样。
12.
强调解决问题时不可待。
真题:
Reduce Waste on Campus
With the improvement of living
standard, waste on campus is
increasingly serious. It is necessary
that something should be done
to reduce
waste on campus. On the one hand, our waste has
already
caused a great loss of precious
resources, such as water and
electricit
y. On the other hand, our waste adds our parents
as well as
our society a burden.
Therefore, how to eliminate waste on
campus is worth paying
attention to.
Firstly, we should turn off the light when we
leave our
dorms or classrooms so as to
save electricity as much as possible.
Secondly, we should stop wasting water
when we bath, or wash
clothes and
dishes. For example, we should use a basin when we
clean faces. Thirdly, we should be
economical. In other words, when
go
shopping, we should buy only what we really need.
In fact, the ways to reduce waste on
campus are countless. It
'
time
that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every
possible way.
15
2
.
模板二
1.
There has been a
discussion recently about .
2. It is obvious that
3.
Additionally,
■
.
.
1.
提出现存的问题。
2.
解决问题很必要的理由一
3.
解决问题很必要的理由二。
4
.
承上启下,说明解决问题的
必
要性。
.
5.
解决办法
The
6.
解决办法一的理由
.
。
.
Secondly,
.
7.
解决办法二。
4.
So it is high time that
5. First of
all,
6.
reason is that
7.
8.
say,
9. Thirdly,
——
.
That is to
8.
阐明解决办法二。
.
9.
解决办法三。
10.
指出解决问题的办法多种
多
样。
10
」
n fact, more than three
ways can be adopted.
11.
12.
All in all,
——
As for
me, .
11.
小结解决问题的根本途径。
12.
总结全文。
Reduce Waste on Campus
There has been a discussion recently
about waste on campus.
It is obvious
that a great loss of precious resources, such as
water
and electricity have been caused
by waste. Additionally, our waste
adds
our parents and society a burden. So it is high
time that
we
took actions
to reduce the waste on campus.
First of
all, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or
16
clean faces, or wash clothes and
dishes. The reason is that there is a
great shortage of water in the word.
Secondly, we should be
economical. That
is to say, when go shopping, we should buy only
what we really need. Thirdly, we should
turn off the light when we
leave dorms
or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as
possible.
In fact, more than
three ways can be adopted. As for me, the
cultivation of good habit of thrift is
most important for all of us. All in
all, every college student should join
in the efforts to combat the
waste on
campus.
3
.
模板三
1. I t is certain that
.
1
.
提出问题及解决的必要性。
2
.
解决问题很必要的理由一
3.
解决问题很必要的理由二。
4.
转折到如何解决问题。
5.
呈上指出解决问题的方法很
多。
.
6
.
解决办法
.
。
2. For one reason,
.
3. For another,
.
4.
However, some still puzzle
on how to
.
5.H ere come some
suggestions.
begin with,
7. Secondly,
.
7
.
解决办法二。
17
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