2012年浙江师范大学英语写作(851)考研试题

浙江师范大学

201

20

1

2

年硕士研究生入学考试初

年硕士 研究生入学考试

初

试试题(A

试试题

卷

)

科目代码:

科目代码

:

851

科目名称:

科目名称

:

英语写作

050211

外国语言学及应用语言学、

045108

学科教学

（英 语）

适用专业:

适用专业

:

050201

英语语言文学、

提示：

1、请将所有答案写于答题纸上，写在试题纸上的不给分；

2 、请填写准考证号后

6

位：____________。

I. Summary writing (40 marks).

Read the following passage and sum up the main idea in no more than 120 words.

Exceeding

the

word

limit

or

copying

the

original

sentences

will

result

in

a

loss

of

marks.

Bernstein regards language as something which both influences culture and is in

turn influenced by culture. A child growing up in a particular linguistic environment

and culture learns the language of that environment and that culture and then

proceeds to pass on that learning to the next generation. Bernstein believes that there

is a direct and reciprocal relationship between a particular kind of social structure, in

both its establishment and its maintenance, and the way people in that social structure

use language. Moreover, this relationship is a continuing one in that it is handed

down from generation to generation. For Bernstein, a particular kind of social

structure leads to a particular kind of linguistic behavior and this behavior in turn

reproduces the original social structure. Consequently, a cycle exists in which certain

social patterns produce certain linguistic patterns, which in turn reproduce the social

patterns, and so on.

Individuals also learn their social roles through the process of communication.

This process differs from social group to social group, and, because it is different in

each social group, existing role differences are perpetuated in society. What is of

particular concern to Bernstein, therefore, are the quite different types of language

that different social groups employ. He claims that there are two quite distinct

varieties of language in use in society. He calls one variety

elaborated code

(originally

formal code

) and the other variety

restricted code

(originally

public code

).

According to Bernstein, these codes have very different characteristics. For example,

elaborated code makes use of accurate – in the sense of standard – grammatical order

and syntax to regulate what is said; uses complex sentences that employ a range of

devices for conjunction and subordination; employs prepositions to show

relationships of both a temporal and logical nature; shows frequent use of the

pronoun I; uses with care a wide range of adjectives and adverbs; allows for remarks

to be qualified; and, according to Bernstein (1961, p. 169), ‘is a language use which