-
推荐信
1(
总
1
:原书
P3-4)
结构要点:
推荐信是向收信人推荐某人做某事的信件,一般分为三个部分:
1
.指出被推荐的人及推荐的原因;
2
.介绍被推荐人的情况;
3
.总结说明被推荐人值得被推荐(例如能胜任工作)
。
Directions
: Suppose you have been a private tutor of Mr. Wang
’
s daughter for two years. But now
you are
going to graduate and so you recommend your friend
Lily who is a sophomore to take the
place of you. Write a letter to Mr.
Wang in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name
at the
end of your letter, using Li
Ming instead.
Sample:
Dear
Mr. Wang,
I am very sorry to tell you that I am going to graduate this June and cannot go on with my job as
a
tutor of your daughter. It has really been a
pleasant experience to teach your daughter English
as
she is such a lovely and smart girl.
Here I take great pleasure in recommending to you
my friend
Lily who is a sophomore
majoring in English in my university. She is
particularly willing to take
the part-
time job of an English tutor when she knows about
your daughter.
Lily is an excellent student. Especially her spoken English is both fluent and proficient, which
can
positively
influence
the
person
speaking
with
her.
Moreover,
as
a
lively,
cheerful
and
easy-going girl, she is good at
communicating with others.
Therefore, I am confident that she is highly competent for the job and will help your daughter
make further progress in
English.
Sincerely yours,
Li
Ming
推荐信
2(
总
2
:原书
P5-6)
语言注意点:
< br>推荐信应对写被推荐人的优点,
肯定其成绩。
但内容应真实可信,
语言热情得体。
切忌夸大
其实。
Directions
: You are asked to write a letter of recommendation for Miss Liu Ming who wants to
study
for
the
Master
’
s
Degree
under
the
supervision
of
Professor
Smith
who
was
once
your
supervisor in your graduate
study. Write a letter to Prof. Smith in about 100
words. Do not sign
your own name at the
end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.
Sample:
Dear Prof. Smith,
It has always been a great pleasure to write to you since I can never fail to get help, inspiration
or
enlightenment from you. Now I am writing to
recommend to you Miss Liu Ming who wants to
pursue her graduate study for the
Master
’
s Degree under your supervision.
Miss
Liu
Ming
was
one
of
my
classmates
in
Tianjin
University.
She
was
one
of
the
most
excellent students in our
university as can be seen from her straight A
grades on all subjects. After
graduation she worked in Tianyi
Biological Company for three years, which
considerably added to
her practical
experience.
It is my belief that with her intelligence, diligence and rich experience, Miss Liu Ming has great
potential for further development in
the field of pharmacology both theoretically and
practically.
Therefore, I recommend her
to you with no reservations.
Faithfully
yours,
Li Ming
建议信
1
结构要点建议信是建议收信人采取某种行动的信件,一般分为三个部分:
1
.
说明建议的内容;
2
.
提出建议的原因;
3
.
指出采纳建议的益处。
Directions3
Suppose one of your friends is going on a self
?
tour in your hometown. Write a letter in about
100
words to make a suggestion to him/her. Do not sign
your own name at the end of your letter,
using Li Ming instead.
Sample:
Dear Mary,
Glad
to
hear
from
you.
You
have
made
a
right
decision
to
travel
in
my
hometown,
Sichuan
because it is a place with picturesque
scenery.
Self
?
tour is always my favorite, too, as it gives me more freedom to choose the beauty spots
and
arrange
the
tour.
To
you,
a
camping
?
lover,
I
highly
recommend
the
Ice
Mountain
in
Songpan
County.
First,
you
can
directly
go
there
by
bus
from
Chengdu
or
Mianyang.
The
accommodation in Songpan is
very convenient since there are quite a lot of
private hotels with
clean rooms at low
price. Then you can hire a guide who will prepare
a horse, a tent and some
other things
for you. After that, you will visit the beautiful
scenery on horseback by following the
guide during the day and enjoy camping
at night. My journey there last July has really
brought me
great pleasure and
unforgettable memory.
Wish you a happy tour.
Yours
ever,
Li Ming
建议信
2
语言注意点
:
这类信可写给认识的人,
也可写给不认识的人。内容与模式都比较灵活。但总地来说,
应言
辞恳切,理由充分。
directions4
Suppose one of your friends is going to
take the CET
?
6 and asks you for suggestions on how to
make preparation.
Write a letter in about 100 words to him/her. Do
not sign your own name at the
end of
your letter, using Li Ming
instead.
Sample:
Dear Helen,
What
a
surprise
it
is
that
you
are
going
to
take
this
June
’
s
CET
?
6
since
you
are
only
a
freshman in Fudan University! Anyway,
your courage and efforts are worth praise.
To get fully prepared for the test, I think, you need to first enlarge your vocabulary, which is the
basis of
all parts. Second, you need more exercises,
especially exercises of reading comprehension,
in order to improve your test skills.
Then you should practise writing constantly. You
can e
?
your
compositions to me and I will correct them for you
in time.
In a word, every
effort is rewarding. I am looking forward to your
success.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Ming
感谢信
1
结构要点
:
感谢信是就某事向收信人表示感谢的信件,分为三个部分:
1
.
指出对方帮助自己的事情,表示感谢;
2
.
展开叙述这件事;
3
.
再次感谢,并可表示希望回报对方。
Directions 7
Suppose
you were taken good care of by Doctor Liu when you
were in hospital. Write a letter in
about 100 words to him to show your
gratitude. Do not sign your own name at the end of
your
letter, using Li Ming instead.
Sample:
Dear Doctor Liu,
It
is
a
great
pleasure
to
extend
my
sincere
thanks
to
you
for
your
careful
treatment
and
attendance when I was in
hospital this March.
On that
night, I got acute appendicitis and was sent to
your hospital by my roommates. Yet I was
very lucky to have you, an experienced
and skillful doctor, on duty. You immediately
diagnosed
my disease, hospitalized me
and arranged a timely operation for me. In the
following days
you
took good
care of me and talked to me from time to time to
release my pain.
It was all
because of your attendance and perfect
professional skills that I could recover so soon.
Therefore,
thank
you
again
and
I
wish
I
would
have
the
chance
to
pay
you
back
for
all
your
kindness.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
感谢信
2
语言注意点
:
感谢信应充分表达自己的谢意,
切不可给对方草率的印象。
可借助谈对方的帮助来进一步表
达感激之情。言辞应真挚、得体。
Directions 8
Suppose
your
friend
lent
you
a
book
and
gave
you
some
suggestions
when
you
made
preparations for
CET
?
6. Write a letter in about 100 words to show your gratitude. Do not sign
your own name at the end of your
letter, using Li Ming instead.
Sample:
Dear Sherry,
My thanks to you for your help with my preparations for the CET
?
6 are beyond words.
Originally I only wanted to ask you for some advice on the coming test, as you were so good at
English. But to my surprise,
you gave more help to me than I had ever expected.
You not only
wrote down ten suggestions
for me but also showed me how I could arrange my
time and what I
should do in each month
before the test. Besides, you lent me the book I
needed very much when
you learned that
I had not yet got it. It was really kind and
considerate of you.
Your unreserved help enabled me to make efficient preparations and at last encouraged me to
pass the test. So I would like to
extend my heartfelt gratitude again.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
致歉信
1
结构要点
:
致歉信是向收信人表示歉意的信件,包括三个部分:
1.
说明为何事而致歉;
2.
解释造成过失或不能履约的原因;
3.
再次致歉或提出解决方案。
Directions 9
Suppose you cannot attend your
sister
?
s graduation ceremony as expected for some reason.
Write a
letter in about 100 words to make an apology to
her. Do not sign your own name at the
end of your letter, using Li Ming
instead.
Sample:
Dear Linda,
Kindly excuse me for my not being able to attend your graduation ceremony next Wednesday as
I have promised.
You know, there will be a meeting of great importance to my company next week in Nanjing.
But the
person who was originally appointed to it is now
seriously ill in hospital. And I have been
asked to take his place to attend the
meeting and make a speech on behalf of my company.
On the
one hand, it is a task assigned
by my boss out of his trust in me. On the other
hand, I do regard it
as an opportunity
to both display and enhance my abilities. So I am
afraid I cannot be present at
your
graduation ceremony.
Though
I
have
decided
to
send
you
a
gift
to
celebrate
your
graduation,
I
really
regret
that
I
cannot give you my sincere
congratulations on the spot, for I know any gift
can never parallel a
warm word spoken
personally by a family member. I do feel terribly
sorry. Please forgive me.
Cordially,
Li Ming
致歉信
2
语言注意点
:
致歉信必须写得坦诚,表达出真心的歉意。
Directions 10
Suppose you have accepted Mr.
Zhang
?
s invitation to dinner, but you have to change your
plan for some
reason. Write a letter in about 100 words to make
an apology to him. Do not sign
your own
name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming
instead.
Sample:
Dear Mr.
Zhang,
It
was
very
kind
of
you
to
invite
me
to
dinner
in
your
house
the
day
after
tomorrow
and
I
originally accepted
it with great pleasure. But now, much to my regret
that I may not be able to
keep my
promise because my sister was injured in a car
accident and I must look after her in the
hospital for several days.
The accident happened suddenly and all
my family are now busy dealing with it and caring
for my
sister. So I don’t
think I will have the time to go to the dinner and even if I go, I am afraid I will
hardly be
in a cheerful mood, which may spoil the party.
I am very sorry for that and
really regret that I would miss such an excellent
chance of enjoying
the perfect dishes
with friends. Besides, please give my regards to
Mr. and Mrs. Rogers when they
come to
dinner.
Sincerely yours,
Li
Ming
求职信
1(
总
5
:原书
P11-12)
结构要点:
求职信是申请具体职位的信件,包括下列三个部分:
1
.
说明应聘职位;
2
.
介绍自身情况;
3
.
请求回复并表示感谢。
Directions
: Write a letter in about 100 words to a high school to apply for a teaching position. Do
not sign your own
name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming
instead.
Sample:
Dear Sir,
I
am
writing
to
apply
for
the
position
as
an
English
teacher
that
you
recently
advertised
in
Sichuan Daily
. I take keen interest in the post because I find that my major and experiences well
meet the
requirements you stated in the advertisement.
Being interested in English teaching, I pursued my graduate study in the direction of teaching
methodology
in
Sichuan
International
Studies
University,
and
got
a
Master
’
s
Degree
in
2003.
I
was a top student through the three
academic years, as can be shown in the enclosed
resume and
reports.
After
graduation,
I
ever
taught
English
in
a
Xi
’
an
high
school.
As
Sichuan
is
my
hometown
I
love
very
much,
I
have
decided
to
move
back
and
so
I
venture
to
apply
for
the
position in your school.
If
I
were
favored
with
an
interview,
I
would
be
most
grateful.
Please
contact
me
at
.
Thank you for your consideration.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
求职信
2(
总
6
:原书
P13-14)
语言注意点:
求职信不同于简历。
在介绍自己情况时,
不可面面俱到,
否则篇幅过长,
反而不易得到重视。
应重点突出与所应聘职位相关的自己的特点及特长。
语言要有礼貌,
要能体现出诚恳的态度
和对工作的渴求。
Directions
: Suppose you are going to graduate from Shanghai University. Write a letter in about
100 words to a
company to apply for a post of salesman. Do not
sign your own name at the end of
your
letter, using Li Ming instead.
Sample:
Dear Sir,
Keenly interested I am in the post of salesman you have advertised on the job market because I
think my major, marketing,
and my practical experience particularly matches
your requirements of
the post.
I will graduate from Shanghai
University this June and get a B.A. degree. I have
always been
one of the top ten students
in my class. I got excellent grades in not only
required subjects but also
optional
courses
such
as
economics,
statistics
and
Chinese
literature.
Besides,
I
have
passed
CET-6 with a mark over 80. Moreover,
during the four years, I took an active part in
all kinds of
practices of sale
promotion, which greatly added to my experience in
marketing and interpersonal
communication. In a word, I am
confident that I qualify for the post.
If
my
application
were
taken
into
favorable
consideration,
I
would
be
most
grateful.
I
am
looking forward to your early reply.
Enclosed are my score reports and resume.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
祝贺信
1
结构要点
:
祝贺信是由于某种原因向收信人道贺的信件,一般包含三个部分:
1
.
点明要祝贺的事情,并向对方道贺;
2
.
详述祝贺的事情;
3
.
再次祝贺。
Directions 11
Suppose
your
friend
Ellen
is
going
to
graduate
from
Fudan University
and
get
a Master
?
s
Degree.
Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate
her. Do not sign your own name at the
end of your letter, using Li Ming
instead.
Sample:
Dear Ellen,
How delighted I am when I hear that you are going to graduate from Fudan University and get a
Master’s Degree!
Though I
cannot
go to Shanghai to join in the celebration of
your graduation
owing
to
the
long
distance
between
the
two
cities,
yet
I
wish
to
express
my
most
earnest
and
ardent congratulations through this
letter.
For
years
you
have
made
unremitting
efforts
in
your
specialized
field
and
your
diligence
and
intelligence at last win you honor. I
am not only happy for but also proud of you from
the bottom
of my heart.
I believe as an
up
?
and
?
coming person, you will use
your head and hands to develop
your
career to a higher level
after the graduation.
May you achieve
greater success in the future.
Yours
sincerely,
Li Ming
祝贺信
2
语言注意点
: p>
祝贺信除了向对方道贺以外,还可表达祝福、期望等。语言应热情洋溢,满怀喜悦。
Directions 12
Suppose
your friend Mr. Zhao has recently got a promotion.
Write a letter in about 100 words to
congratulate him. Do not sign your own
name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming
instead.
Sample:
Dear Mr.
Zhao,
I am extremely glad to hear that you have got a promotion in your company. Congratulations!
It is excellent of you to get a promotion, for after all you have just been in the company for six
months.
As
we
all
know,
you
are
always
a
both
hard
?
working
and
creative
person,
which
is
essential to achieve your
goals in work. Moreover, your strong sense of
responsibility enables you
to win trust
from people around you and thus win yourself
various opportunities. I think that is
why you can make achievements in such a
short time.
There
is
no
doubt
that
you
deserve
the
promotion.
Having
you
as
a
friend,
I
really
feel
both
proud and lucky because I can often
learn so much from you.
Best wishes.
Yours
faithfully,
Li Ming
邀请信
1
结构要点
:
邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信,包含三个方面:
1
.
邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地点;
2
.
与该活动有关的注意事项;
3
.
期待对方接受邀请,并可表示感谢。
Directions 13
Write a letter
to one of your high school classmates who is in a
nearby city, and invite him/her
to
your
city
at
this
weekend.
Some
necessary
details
must
be
included.
Do
not
sign
your
own
name at the end
of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
Sample:
Dear Linda,
We haven’t seen each other for six years after graduation. I am so glad to hear that you have
graduated
from
UCLA
and come
back
to
work
in
Suzhou.
If
you
are
free
this
Saturday,
please
come to
Shanghai and have a good time with me.
We can first go to the Century Park, where the flowers are all in blossom. Let’s go boating on
the
lake
—isn’t
it
pleasant
in
the
cool
breeze?
Then
I
will
treat
you
to
dinner
at
a
wes
tern
restaurant on
Huaihai Road
—
it is small but really nice
—I’m sure you will enjoy it. After dinner,
let’s go to a concert—you are a
music lover, aren’t you?
If you couldn’t come, please notify me before Friday. If you can, please tell me which train
you will take and I will meet you
at the railway station.
I am looking forward to meeting you.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
邀请信
2
语言注意点
:
邀请信叙事一定要清楚、
明白。
如写给朋友,
可选用活泼、
真诚的言辞;
如写给长辈、
上级、
名人等,则语言应正式、礼貌。
Directions 14
Write
a
letter
to
invite
a
famous
professor
to
give
a
lecture
to
the
English
postgraduate
students in your
university. Some necessary details must be
included. Do not sign your own name
at
the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
Sample:
Dear
Professor Michael Hutchison,
We are very glad to hear that you are attending an international conference in Beijing. We are
writing
this
letter
to
inquiry
the
possibility
of
inviting
you
to
deliver
a
lecture
on
American
literature for our postgraduate
students on the evening of June 16.
We have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creative work in this
field. Two of your books have
become textbooks for our students for several
years. So all of us
believe your
lecture will benefit our students and teaching
staff alike.
If you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at
the airport. If
you can’t make it, please als
o let us know.
We are looking forward to your coming.
Sincerely yours,
Li
Ming
投诉信
1
结构要点
:
投诉信是对产品或服务表示不满的信件,一般分三个部分:
1
.
提出投诉内容;
2
.
说明具体情况;
3
.
提出解决办法。
Directions 15
Suppose that
you ordered a television but later found that it
has worrying problems. Write a
letter
of complaint to describe the matter and require
settlement. Do not sign your own name at the
end of your letter, using “Li Ming”
instead.
Sample:
Dear
Sir,
The television I ordered
from your store arrived on time last Friday, but
only three days later
I found it could
not work properly.
On Tuesday evening, when I turned on the television, I was surprised to find that it became a
black
?
and
?
white
television
—
all
of
the
other
colors
were
simply
gone.
What
made
matters
worse, the remote
control was also out of order. I dialed your
service number for several times, but
the line was always busy.
This problem has affected our normal
life. Can you get it repaired as soon as possible?
Thank you
for your consideration.
I am looking forward to your early
reply.
Yours
faithfully,
Li Ming
投诉信
2
语言注意点
: p>
投诉信应重点表明投诉的原因,
叙事应客观、
准确、
简洁。
最后提出的解决方法应切实可行。
在表达自己的不满时,语
言要把握分寸,不失风度。
Directions 16
Write a letter to complain about an
unhappy experience in about 100 words to describe
the
matter and ask for the mistake to
be corrected. Do not sign your own name at the end
of your letter,
using “Li Ming”
instead.
Sample:
Dear Sir,
I am writing to you about a most unhappy experience. Last Tuesday morning, we took a long
?
route bus of your company from Dukou to Lijiang. The bus was scheduled to arrive in Lijiang
at 7
o
’
clock in the evening, but it stopped midway at four p.m. for mechanical problems. The
driver
and
the
ticket
seller
could
neither
solve
the
problem
by
themselves
nor
seek
help
from
others.
Where we stopped was nowhere near a village. Up until 8 o’clock, another bus finally carried
us to a shabby rural
motel. We had to pay for our accommodation. The
room was too small and the
quilt was so
dirty. To our surprise, when we just
managed to sleep at around 2 a.m., the driver
came to wake us
up
—
the bus had been fixed!
I suggest that you look into this
matter immediately and deal with it quickly and
properly.
Looking forward to
your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
询问信
1
结构要点
:
询问信是希望获取信息的信件,分为三个部分:
1
.
说明自己的计划或目的,也就是询问信息的原因;
2
.
征询具体信息;
3
.
期待回复并表示感谢。
Directions 17
Write a letter
inquiring about a hotel. Some necessary details
must be included. Do not sign
your own
name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming”
instead
.
Sample:
Dear
Mr. Guo,
I am going to
visit Songpan on July 30 and wish to stay at
your hotel. My friend has just
come back and warmly recommended it to
me.
My wife and I want to go
horse trekking with the Happy Trails Horse Team.
We will choose to go
to the Ice
Mountain, so it will take four days. We want a
double room with a private bath for two
nights, July 30 and August 3.
Would you please tell us whether we could have such a room and how much it will cost us?
I am looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
询问信
2
语言注意点
:
询问信应语言简洁、清晰,无歧义。语气礼貌、恳切。
Directions 18
You are a
tourist and you want to experience a new way of
traveling. Write a letter inquiring about
such a traveling program. Some
necessary details must be included. Do not sign
your own name at
the end of your
letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
Sample:
Dear Mr. Guo Chang,
My wife and I have read in the traveling book Lonely Planet about your Happy Trails Horse
Team. We are very
much interested in going horse trekking with your
team.
We want to choose the Ice
Mountain route, which will take four days, from
July 31 to August 3.
What should we
take with us? Will the guides provide
accommodation for us? How much will the
tour cost each of us?
We will reach Songpan on the afternoon
of July 30 at about 5 o’clock. I hope it will not be
too late when we
arrive at your team.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
介绍信
1
结构要点
:
介绍信是向收信人介绍某人的信件,包含三个部分:
1
.
说明被介绍人的身份;
2
.
提出希望收信人做的事情;
3
.
如果是请收信人关照被介绍人,< /p>
表示感谢;如果是请收信人与被介绍人共同工作,
则对
合作
表示乐观。
Directions 19
Suppose that your friend is going to
stay at a big city. Write a letter in about 100
words to
introduce her to a friend
there. Do not sign your own name at the end of
your letter, using “Li
Ming” instead.
Sample:
Dear Linda,
I
want
to
introduce
to
you
the
bearer
of
this
letter,
Helen
Herbert,
who
is
a
diligent
and
intelligent
scholar
just
like you.
She
will
attend
an
international
conference on
economics
from
August 27 through August 30 at the
Shangri
?
La Hotel of your city.
She will have no problem with her accommo
?
dation. I am sure a talk will benefit both of
you
a
lot.
I
have
given
your
mobile
phone
number
to
her,
and
I
hope
it
will
not
cause
any
inconvenience for you.
Thank you for your kindness and consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
介绍信
2
语言注意点
:
介绍信应措辞礼貌得体,对被介绍人的说明应简洁明了、重点突出。
Directions 20
Write a letter
to inform a colleague of a coming visiting scholar
in about 100 words. Do not
sign your
own name at the end of your letter, using “Li
Ming” instead.
Sample:
Dear Anna,
Please allow me
to take this opportunity to introduce a visiting
scholar, George Martin, from
University
of
California
at
Berkeley.
He
will
be
a
member
of
our
Program
of
Asia
?
Pacific
Economy for nine months.
George
is
an
enthusiastic
and
enterprising
scholar.
He
has
done
various
researches
on
American and Asian economies for more
than ten years. I am sure that his participation
will do a
lot of help to our recent
research.
George will be
arriving here on next Friday and he will soon go
to visit you after arrival. You
can
introduce
the
overall
development
of
our
program
to
him,
and
then
explore
the
details
of
cooperation.
Sincerely yours,
Li
Ming
申请信
1
结构要点
:
申请信是向收信人提出某个请求的信件,包含三个部分:
1
.
提出请求;
2
.
说明原因;
3
.
请求回复并表示感谢。
Directions
21
Write a letter to
apply for a membership in an organization in about
100 words. Do not sign
your own name at
the end of your letter, using “Li Ming”
instead.
Sample:
Dear
Mr. Peterson,
I
am
writing
to
apply
for
a
membership
in
your
musical
band.
My
music
teacher,
Prof.
Huntington, strongly recommended that I
attend such a renowned organization, telling me
that it
would benefit me in many years
to come.
I have been loving music ever
since I was in elementary school. I learned piano
at eight and
flute at twelve. I hope I
can grow up into a good saxophone player in your
team
—
with so many
music
lovers around me, I will surely become more
creative and enthusiastic.
If
my application could be taken into favorable
consideration, I would be most grateful. I am
looking forward to your early reply.
Best regards.
Yours
sincerely,
Li Ming
申请信
2
语言注意点
: p>
申请信开篇应点明主题,语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因,即自己所具备的申请条件,<
/p>
这一部分需重点明确,论述充分。最后请求回复并表示感谢时,应采用礼貌、诚恳的措辞。
Directions 22
Write
a letter to apply for a membership in a program in
about 100 words. Do not sign your
own
name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming”
instead.
Sample:
Dear Sir,
I have heard that
the university will choose 30 students to teach in
rural junior high schools
for one
month. I am very much interested in this program
and want to be one of them.
I am a
sophomore majoring in English language and
literature and I have been a private tutor
ever since I finished my College
Entrance Examination. I love
teaching
—
whenever I teach, I feel
I am making progress together with my
students all the time.
Enclosed
are
my
score
reports
on
all
relative
subjects.
I
hope
that
my
application
will
get
your favorable
consideration.
With best
regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li
Ming
便
笺
1
结构要点
: < /p>
便笺也叫做便条,是一种简便的信函,形式简单,可用于询问、道歉、请假、约会、留言、
归还东西等很多事由。
Directions
23
Suppose you and two of your friends
have decided to go on a self
?
tour to Hangzhou and you
want to invite another
friend Cathy to join you. Write a note in about
100 words to her.
Do not
sign
your own name at the end of your letter, using
“
Li Ming
”
instead.
Sample:
Dear Cathy,
We have planned a self
?
tour to Hangzhou next Saturday. I wonder if you would like to join us,
Sherry, Alice and me.
You know, spring is the season when the scenery around West Lake is the most beautiful and it
is
very convenient for us to go there for it takes
only two hour
’
s and a half by train or by coach.
We are going by the
8
∶
20 train of Saturday morning and returning on Sunday evening. If you
agree to go with us, we plan to book
two rooms in the Youth Hostel which cost only 50
yuan a
night and from which it’s only
20 minutes’ walk to West Lake.
I’m sure we will have a very good time and find the tour rewarding.
Yours,
Li Ming
便
笺
2
语言注意点
:
便笺语言较简单和口语化,但应
注意,说明事由时要简洁、清楚,不需过多的套话。
Directions 24
Suppose
your
mother
has
come
to
see
you
and
tonight
you
will
sleep
in
the
room
she
has
booked in a hotel
near your university. Write a note in about 100
words to inform your roommate
Linda of
that. Do not sign your
own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
Sample:
Dear Linda,
I am afraid that I won’t be in our dormitory tonight because my mother has come here to see me
and I
plan to sleep in the room she has booked in a
nearby hotel. I had wanted to tell you that in
person but you are not back yet. So I
have to leave this note for you.
My
mother
has
brought
me
several
bags
of
beef
jerky
that
are
a
special
product
of
my
hometown. I’ve left two of them on your
desk. Help yourself and I hope you’
ll enjoy them.
Besides I have asked our teacher for a day’s leave. So I won’t be present in tomorrow’s class.
Would you
do me a favor by handing in my history assignment
to the teacher? It is on your desk
beneath the beef jerky. Thanks.
Take care of yourself.
Yours,
Li Ming
通
知
1
结构要点
:
通知的目的是传递信息或分配工作
,
包含内容、时间和地点。
如果是活动,
应包含参加的人
员范围;如果是讲座或报告,应包含演讲人的简介。
Directions 25
Write
a notice in about 100 words to inform the students
and English teachers of a lecture on
Australian studies.
Sample:
NOTICE
We
are
very
honored
to
invite
Prof.
Richard
Gilbert
from
Sydney
University
to
give
us
a
lecture
on
Sino
?
Australian
relationship
in
the
new
millennium.
Prof.
Gilbert
graduated
from
Australian National University in 1979
and has been teaching Australian studies for more
than 20
years. He has become a leading
expert in this field and has published several
books and numerous
papers
on
such
topics
as
Australian
economy,
education
and
foreign
policy.
His
humorous
and
thought
?
provoking speech will surely benefit all the audience.
The lecture will b
e given at Yifu Auditorium from 7 to 9 o’clock next Thursday evening. All
the teachers and students
are welcome to attend this lecture.
English Department
August
27, 200
通
知
2
语言注意点
:
通知必须用
简练、
准确的语言传递信息。
如果包含对演讲人、
主要参与人或组 织者等的介绍,
则语言应大方得体,重点突出,切忌长篇大论。
Directions 26
Write a notice
in about 100 words for the Student Union to inform
of a speech contest.
Sample:
NOTICE
The
Student
Union
has
decided
to
hold
a
Chinese
speech
contest
to
celebrate
the
coming
National Day.
The maximum time of each speaker is eight minutes.
We will invite seven experts to
serve
as
judges.
Every
speaker
will
be
judged
from
three
aspects:
script,
eloquence,
and
the
reaction of the audience.
The results will be announced immediately.
All
the
participants
are
required
to
hand
in
their
request
form
before
September
12.
The
preliminary contest falls on
September 18 in the school library. The final
contest will be held on
September 30 in
the cinema of our university.
The
Student Union
Sept. 2, 2005
备忘录
1
结构要点
:
备忘录是单位内部传递信息的文件,包括抬头和正文,其中抬头包含四个部分:
TO:
收阅者
FROM:
撰写者
SUBJECT:
主题
DA
TE:
日期
Directions 27
Suppose you are the secretary of the
Personnel Department of a company and are
organizing a
farewell party for a
colleague who is going to retire. Write a memo in
about 100 words to inform
your
colleagu
es of the meeting. Do not use your own name, using “Li Ming” instead.
Sample:
TO: All
employees of the Personnel Department
FROM: Li Ming, secretary of the
Personnel Department
SUBJECT: Farewell
Party for Liu Gang
DA
TE: Dec. 27, 2005
Our colleague Liu Gang is going to retire next month. His retiring is really a pity to us all as he
is such an amiable man who is always
ready to help others, such an honest man who has
won trust
and respect from around him,
and such a humorous man who can often add pleasure
to our work.
We have decided to hold a
farewell party for him.
We
are
going
to
use
the
assembly
room
of
our
department
for
the
party.
I
have
organized
several
programs
for
entertainment,
but
they
are
not
enough.
So
if
anyone
is
willing
to
give
performances, please let me know as
soon as possible. Besides, our general manager and
manager
will be present, too.
All
the
colleagues
of
the
Personnel
Department
are
invited
to
attend
the
party
which
is
scheduled on November 4, next Friday
and will begin at
7 o’clock in the evening. By the way, all
suggestions on the
party are welcome.
备忘录
2
语言注意点
: p>
备忘录的主要目的是有效、快速地传达信息,应语言简练、层次清楚,易于理解。如有并列<
/p>
信息,
可借助项目符号或编号等,
使人一目了然。
不宜使用华丽的辞藻或复杂的结构来炫耀
自己的写作才能。
Directions 28
Write a memo
in about 100 words on behalf of the Student Union
to call on students to join in
the
volunteer activities in Xinhua Community.
Sample:
TO: All students of
Shanghai University
FROM: Student Union
SUBJECT: V
olunteer activities in Xinhua Community
DA
TE: Sep. 13, 2005
At the beginning of the new term, we plan to organize a series of volunteer activities in Xinhua
Community, which is about 200 meters
from our university.
The activities are scheduled on September 18, this Sunday and include doing housework for
the disabled or old people who live by
themselves, teaching English to children, and
publicizing
knowledge about healthy
diet and about preventing common diseases.
We believe it is a good opportunity to show our love and know more about the society. 100
volunteers
are needed. If you are willing and have time to
take part in the activities, please come
to
the
office
of
the
Student
Union
on
the
third
floor
of
the
Administrative
Building,
where
we
would ask you to
sign your name in a table and tell us what
activity you are particularly interested
in.
简
历
1
结构要点
:
简历是个人经历的书面表达形式,
应包含个人信息、
教育背景和工作经历。
有时还可包含事
业目标
(
objective
或
c areer objective
)
、
其他经历
(
activities
)
、
获奖情况
(
awards
)
和特长
(
sp ecial
skills
)等。
Directions 29
Suppose you
are going to graduate from the university. Write a
resume in about 100 words to
apply for
a job. Do not use your own name, using “Li Mei” instead.
Sample:
RESUME
Personal Data:
Name:Li Mei
Sex:Female
Address: Room 602, Dormitory Building
12,
Wuhan University
Wuhan,
Hubei, 430021
Date of Birth:June 16,
1983
Place of Birth:Zunyi, Guizhou
Telephone:(027) 87273548,
Email:angellimei@
Hobbies:painting, reading, Internet
surfing, dancing
Foreign
Languages:English
Objective:
To
work
as
a
regional
sales
representative
who
is
responsible
for
sales
activity
and
coordination
Education:
2002 ~ PresentStudying at Wuhan
University
Bachelor of Arts in finance
1999 ~ 2002Studying at Zunyi No. 1 High
School
1996 ~ 1999Studying at Zunyi No.
7 Junior High School
Work Experience:
None
Special Skills and Technical
Qualifications:
I am professionally trained in finance and economics.
In addition to Mandarin, I can speak, write and read English fluently.
I had two part
?
time jobs in Taiping Company and Zhida Company, which helped me gain
some sales operation knowledge and
sales planning experience.
简
历
2
语言注意点
:
简历忌过长或用词空泛,提供的信息应有用、如实,编排须整齐有系统。
Directions 30
Suppose
you
are
Tan
Wen,
English
teacher
at
Taiyuan
Institute
of
Technology.
Write
a
resume in about 100 words to apply for
a new job in another city.
Sample:
Tan Wen
Taiyuan Institute of Technology
Taiyuan, Shanxi Province
Telephone: (0351) 6523787
Experience
2000 ~ Present
Working as a lecturer of English at
Taiyuan Institute of Technology
Teaching
undergraduate
(non
?
English
majors)
intensive
reading,
extensive
reading,
listening,
writing
Teaching graduate
(non
?
English majors) writing
Education
1997 ~
2000
Studying at Shanghai Teacher’s
University
Master of Arts in
American Studies
1993 ~ 1997
Studying at Shanxi University
Bachelor of Arts in English Language
and Literature
1990 ~ 1993
Studying at Mianyang Senior High School
1987 ~ 1990
Studying at
Mianyang No. 5 Junior High School
Personal Data
Sex: Female
Date of Birth: June 27, 1976
Place of Birth: Mianyang, Sichuan,
China
Marital Status: Married, without
Child
Health: Excellent
第二章
大作文写作各类型大作文写作技巧
一、
命题作文
命题作文又叫提纲式作文,是
1996
年考研及以前使用的模式,现在再考的可 能性已非
常小了,但是它是各种写作的基础。这类作文主要可分为观点类与办法类。
p>
1
.观点类
写作
包括三个重要的方面:内容、结构与语言。
相对说来,
考研英语写作对内容要求并
不是很高——只要围绕主题阐述,不跑题,对问题谈得是否深与透,并不是特别关注,<
/p>
而提
纲式作文就更是如此。语言体现在词、句、段、篇各个方面,重在积累
。我们要帮助大家快
速提高的是结构方面。
概
括说来,观点类分为三种情形:第一种是议论,即对现存观点(通常是两种)做一选
择;
另一种是立论,即直接提出一种观点,然后来论证它;第三种是驳论,即对现有观点进
行
批驳,这种文章出现的几率不大。
第一种文章所占的比例最高,
现存的观点一般说来是两种对立的观点,
通常我们会斩钉
截铁地
选择其中的一种观点,有些时候也可以将两者巧妙地结合起来。
这种文
章通常有三种构成方法,
最常见的情况是在第一段叙述第一种人的观点,
第二段< /p>
叙述第二种人的观点,第三段做出自己的选择并下结论。
还有两种情况很类似,
都是在第一段简要叙述两种人的观点,
在第二段将 两种人的观点
展开,
再在第三段给出自己的观点;
也可以 直接在第二段就给出自己的观点并加以论证。
这
两种情况的区别在于现有
的两种观点与自己的观点所占的篇幅长短不同。
这里我们对几个重要的
问题再说明一下。
首先是主题句的问题,
如在叙述两种人观点时,
通常在段落中应该有这样的句子,例如:
*
Different people have different views on
opportunity.
* People
?
s opinions are always different once they talk about family tutoring.
其次是段落间衔接的问题,
也就是 要有过渡句。
大家细细地研究一下范文,
就能发现大
多数
时候过渡句是在后一段的段首,
但也有在前一段段末的情况。
比如说,
< p>如果第一段原来
只有一句话,那么原本多放在第二段段首的句子可能被提至第一段的
第二句话。
至于论据到底应分几点来说,一般分三点。但也有变化的时
候,比如是先说两点,
然后
举个例子——这样也很有可能取得很好的效果
。
但是要注意,
举例子一定要注意两点,
即典
型、精练。
观点类的第二种情况是立论,
在很多时 候是对事物本质的论述。
此事物可以是一项制度、
一种现象甚至是一种观
点。
通常分三段写作,
首段先对这一现象或观点作一介绍,
第二段 表
明自己的观点,
第三段下结论。
这里最重要的问题之一 就是第一段和第三段的写法,
这两段
极有可能都是两句话:第一句是段落
的主题句,第二句表示递进、
解释或者例证,
当然绝大
多
数情况下是递进——可以是时间上的自然接续,
也可以是逻辑上的顺接关系,
在实 际写作
中后一种情况占多数。
观点类的第三种情况是驳论,
比较少见。
这类文章大多分为三段,
第一段说明一种
现象、一种做法或者一种观点,第二段进行批驳,第三段下结论。这里
有两个重要问题,一
是批驳句出现的位置,
二是批驳句的性质问题。 p>
批驳句绝大多数情况下出现在第二段的首句,
但也有出现在第一段末句的情形
。批驳句有第一人称作主语的主观批驳,如
I
cannot
agree
with the above
opinion
;还有非人称主语句,即客观批驳,如
It is not the real case
。
2
.办法类
办法类文章的题目通常是以“
How to
”开头的,这 一类的文章数量相当多。办法类文章
分为三类:
第一类是社会生活中的重 大问题;
第二类是令人担忧的社会问题;
第三类是与大
学
生活紧密相连的问题。这类文章通常都有“提出问题——列举具体的解决办法——总结”
的写法。
办法类文章可以写得极其工整,
即第一、 p>
二、三段均分三个方面来说,达到相互呼应的
情形,
比如说第 一类和第二类可分政府、
科研工作者与大众来说。
当然有的时候文章也可以
只说两种人——即政府和大众,
文章就更清晰了,
但此时要避免 单调或篇幅太短。
第三类可
以从学校、老师与学生三个方面来说。
办法类文章的变化极多,
首先末段的写法极其灵活:
可以是一句话戛然而止,
但这种情
况并不建议大家多用;
个别情况下还可以没有作为结论段的第三段,
这时的结束句必然只有
一句话,
放在第二段末尾。
这个句子一定是一个长且复杂有力量的句子,
并与上述若干点结
合紧密。
末段大多
数时候包含两个句子,
规律性很强。
首句多说问题严重或重要,
后 句则总结必
须采用上述的方法才能达到目的——这个句子可以是个倒装句、
否定句、
双重否定句甚至反
问句。总之,这时我们是想通过调整句子结
构来达到加强语气的目的。
在办法类中还可能出现个性化段落或混合模
板这些复杂的情形。
个性化段落就是提纲中
要求在先说了多种办法(通常
是三种)后再说到个人(即我)的写法。这里一个值得关注的
问题就是,
我们在说到自己时是选择上述办法之一,
还是将两种办法融合。
比较可行的做法< /p>
是选择其中的一种办法。
其后的问题就是,
在说明理由时,
这段是否会与前面重复呢?实际
上这里只要注意将自己的独特之处写出来
就行了。
混合类模板既包括办法类模块又包括原因或后果模块,
我们一定要看清提纲,
严格按照
它来写。在学习过程中,我们应
先熟悉单一模板的写法,再在融合时多思考,多练习,这样
就一定能提高了。
二、
图表作文
图表作文在考研中总共只出现过两次,
分别是
1997
年 与
1999
年,
它是一种介于命题作
文和
图画作文之间的写作形式,再考的可能性不大,但是却对图画式作文的学习非常有益。
图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分,
而当前的图表作文大多还有第三 个段
落。图表作文的规律性很强,不像图画式作文那样富于变化。
1
.首段的写作
图表作文有表
格(
table
)
、柱形图(
bar chart
)
、饼状图(
pie chart
)和 折线图(
diagram
)
之分,后三种都是属于图表的
范畴(
chart
)
。不管是
chart
还是
table
,都需要进行描述,一
般放在文章
的第一部分,长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量(
A
)
< p>,每个变
量有几个数据(
B
)
,不妨 以
A*B
表示。
如果只有一个变量,有三个数据,可以描述如下:
From
the
chart
we
can
see
clearly
that
the
average
number
of
hours
a
student
spends
on
Internet per week has
increased from less than two hours in 1998 to
nearly four hours in 2000, and
then to
20 hours in 2004.
如果是最常见的是
的情形,可以描述如下:
From the
chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in
China, state
?
owned houses declined
from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and
then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose
from 25%
to 40% and then to 80% during
the same period.
这里用了
whi le
引起从句来突显对比,是一种非常好的办法,如果用两句话来描述,也
完全可以。
如果是
1*n
(
n>3
)的情形,将头与尾描述出来即可,比较好的方法就是在句中描述最
后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。
碰到多变量、每个变量多数
据的情形,大家应首先进行分类,分成上升、下降两类,或
者上升、下降、不变三类,这
样问题就迎刃而解了。
2
.
第二段的写作
第二段是解释原因的段落。我们谈谈两个问题。
首先是过渡句这个问题。
这里不大可能放在第一段,
因为第一段不可能象有的命 题作文
那样简洁
(如只有一句)
——例如提纲式作文中的 批驳类文章中除二段首句批驳之外还有首
段末句批驳,效果很强烈。
其次就是此段的主题句
(topic
sentence )
的问题。此句或主观或客观并无拘束,只要上下
文风格统一即可。
p>
主观:
We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
I believe that three reasons can
account for this phenomenon.
In my
mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on
the rise are as follows.
主观之变体(使用插入语,突显主语)
:
Three
reasons,
we
believe,
can
account
for
this
phenomenon.
Three reasons, I
believe, can account for this phenomenon.
Three reasons, I firmly believe, can
account for this phenomenon.
注意
:
插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧,可以达到很好的效果。
主观之变体(使用插入语)
:
Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.
客观:
Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
在主题句之后
,
可以使用连接词分两个、
三个或四个方面来写,
其中分三个方面 来写最
为常见。
这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了——可以由最重要 的到最不重要的,
也可以
由最不重要的到最重要的,也可能平行分布,依
具体情况而定,不一而足。
3
.
第三段的写作
第三段直接写结论的情况已基本没有了。
如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题,
那
么这一段写
解决办法的可能性最大。
如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化,
那么这一段很可能是两种情况——可能写负面的影
响或存在的问题,或者写未来趋
势或发展方向。
咱们看看很象利弊类的情况,如一篇文章的第三段:
< br>上述情况均是依提纲而定,
提纲中如果没有第三点,
那么一般说来,
若是问题则写办法,
若是好事则写展望,根据具体情况而定。
三、
图画作文
图画作文在最近八年中考了七次,
可谓占据了大作文的 统治地位。
图画作文可分为
图片、
漫画与照片等多种。图 画作文总体上比图表作文的结构变化更多,更为灵活,因此难
度也更大。
1
.描述图画
图画作文对图画
的描述应在第一段进行,
且最好在首句即开始。
此类作文大部分是一幅
< p>图,也会有两幅图出现的情况。如果出现两幅图,则很有可能是突显对比的情况。
图画上可能没有任何文字,
也可能在上面出现了一句话,
也可以单个人物说话或两个人
物对话,
也可能在图画外写了总结性的一句 话。
大家注意,
这一句话或两句话一般是非常重
要的,应
予译出。
一般说来,对图画的描写不必过长,应以简练、准确为标准。
Directions
:
Study the
following picture carefully and write an essay in
which you should:
1. describe the
picture,
2. interpret the
meaning of the picture;
3. make your
comments.
You should write 160~200
words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
踢皮球
[
审题
]
图画题最常见 的有两种情况,一是写世间的哲理,一是写常见的社会现象或社会问
题,这里是后一种情
形。简单的图画,深刻的寓意——这是当前图画题最主要的趋势之一。
拿到这个题目后,
我们认为它和其它的一些题目反映的情况不尽相同——随着市场经济
< p>的发展,
顾客被生产者和销售商推来搡去的现象已大有改观,
所以我 们可以这样来安排全文
——首段描述图画,
次段以自身感受为基础描述过 去的这种情形,
第三段写现在已经大为改
善的情况,末段下结论。
Sample:
The picture describes a match of
kicking the ball: the person on the left has just
killed the ball
toward
the
person
on
the
right,
who
has
already
been
ready
to
kick
the
ball
back.
A
close
examination will help us find out that
this is a match between the producer and the
seller
—
both
of them
refuse to take on the responsibility whenever the
customer reports a problem.
We
can
’
t forget those days in the past when we went shopping. The shop assistant was so cold
and
indifferent
that
we
usually
had
to
wait
for
long.
We
often
had
no
right
of
comparing
and
selecting. Later when we found there
was something wrong with the product, the chance
of getting
it exchanged was slim, not
to mention returning it to the shop. The shop
always said the producer
was to blame,
and if we went to the producer directly, the
latter would say that it was not common
practice for a customer to contact the
producer. Even if we finally succeeded in
exchanging the
product, it always took
too much time and wasted too much energy.
In
the
present
environment
of
market
economy,
we
are
happy
to
see
that
the
situation
in
our
nation has improved significantly. When
a customer is not satisfied with a product, he is
entitled to
return it to the store and
get refunded during a certain period of time. If
that time limit has passed,
the
customer still has the right to get the product
exchanged.
In this era of fast
economic development, both the producer and the
seller should first cater to
the needs
of the customer. Anyone who fails to do so will be
driven out of the market sooner or
later.
[
点评
]
首段先写看到 一场足球比赛,而后仔细一看,原来是生产者和销售商在产品质量出
现问题时将消费者推
来搡去。
第二段用六句话描述我们曾经有过的痛苦的经历。
第二、
三句话描
写购物时不愉快
的经历。第四句话说发现质量问题后,要换非常麻烦,更用不着说是退了。
第五句话生动
地再现了销售者和生产商都拒绝负责的情形。
最后一句话说即使最后商品得以
调换,也花费了大量的时间和精力——话语中充满了无奈。
第三段
说现在的情况已大幅改善。
顾客有权在一段时间内退货,
如果期限已过,
也可以
换货。段中
be entitled to
表示“有权利做某事”
,
refund
表示“退款”
。
最后一段是总结。
第一句话说在这个快速经济发展 的时期,
生产商和销售商都应该把顾
客的需求放在首位。第二句话反过来
说,任何做不到的人都迟早会被市场淘汰。
[
心得
]
首段由远及近 的写法非常有效。第二段以时间为线索,描述了过去不愉快的经
历。这一段以时间为线索
,所以即使句子较多,也丝毫不显得凌乱。第三段说明了现在的情
形,与第二段形成鲜明
的对比。末段正说加反说的办法很有说服力。
2
.图画类作文结构分析
从七
年的图画作文提纲来看,可以看出,
出题越来越合理,越来越符合规律,我们来看
一下。
年份
提纲
分析
1998
1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.
2. Give your comments.
首段描述图画。
第二段和第三段分别写原因和危害。
2000
1. Describe the pictures.
2. Deduce the purpose of the drawer of
the pictures.
3. Suggest your
counter
?
measures.
首段描述图画。
第二段推测绘画者意图。
第三段提出解决办法。
2001
1. Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,
2. Give a specific example, and
3. Give your suggestion as to the best
way to show love.
首段描述图画、指出图画的象征
意义。
第二段举例说明主题。
第三段指出献爱心的最好办法,深化主题。
2002
1. Describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and
2. Give your comment on the phenomenon.
第一段描述图画。
第二段解释含义。
第三段对此现象做出评论。
2003
1. Describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2. Point out
its implications in our life.
第一段描述图画。
第二段类比于生活中孩子的教育问题,并分析此现象出现的原因。
第三段做结。
2004
1) Describe the drawing
2)
Interpret its meaning, and
3) Support
your view with examples.
第一段是描述图画。
第二段是类比于人类一条永恒的真理。
第三段是举例说明。
2005
1) Describe the drawing,
2) Interpret its meaning, and
3) Give your comment on it.
第一段是描述图画。
第二段是类比于孩子不孝敬老人的现象。
第三段发表评论。
我们想象中的最典型最理想的图画题提纲应该是下面这样:
1
.
描述图画
2
.
推导绘画者的意图
3
.
做出评论
对于这一提纲我们来做具体分析,
其中第三点更要细致研究。
首 先由图画引出一种社会
现象或社会问题,
可以是好的,
也 可以是不好的。
在推导绘画者的意图时多是展开说此现象
或问题的表现,
以证明其引人注目。
还有一种可能性是说此现象或问题产生的原因,
提纲可
直接列出,
或还用上述提纲。
这时可把简单意图 推导直接放到第一段描述图画之后,
而在第
二段中说原因。
第三段做出评论,有可能只是简单评论、深化主题就结束,但这种可能性越来越小了
。
这一部分很可能说的是办法,
不好的事情就是如何解决的办法,
好的事情就是如何进一步发
展的方法。
通过上述列表,
我们可以看出,
多年以来,
真实的提纲是怎样一 步步地向我们想象中的
理想模式靠近的。对于提纲里面出现的变化和规律,我们来分析一
下。
我们仔细分析,
会发现历年考研真题基本上都呈现
“现象或问题——原因解释——解决
办法”
这样的模式,
但变化非常多。
因为我们谈论的既可以是一件值得弘扬的好事,也可能
< p>是一个令人忧心忡忡的社会问题;
针对后者我们极有可能需要提出做法;
< p>而对于前者,可能
解释一下就结束了,也可能要写出相应的做法。<
/p>
综上所述,可以看出,比起图表作文来,图画作文要更灵活,更富于变化
。我们一定要
多练习,以达到一看到图画(含图中和图边文字)和提纲(有时有文章标题
)就能有效地审
题解题,构造出合理的具体段落的目的。
这里面还有个问题,就是举例子,近年来已明确出现了两次,这一点大家一定要多练习。
Directions1
Study the following pictures carefully
and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. point out the reasons for such
phenomenon.
You should write 160~200
words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
审题:
这道题包含两幅对比鲜明的图画,指令
要求在描述图画后阐明含义并给出该现象的原
因。我们应该这样来构造全文:
第二段发表自己对图画的看法;
第三段给
< br>出该现象的原因;第四段下结论,简要提出解决问题的办法。
经过学习之后,大家就会知道
这是一个极为重要的模式,请大家用心掌握。
Sample:
As is depicted by
the two pictures, a sharp contrast is shaped
between the parents and the son.
In the
left drawing, the parents are working hard in the
field, bending over and sweating heavily.
Near
them
is
a
basket
with
very
simple
food
in
it.
However,
in
the
right
drawing,
their
son
is
squandering the money on luxurious food
and chatting on mobile phone.
How
pitiful
the
parents
are!
They
spare
no
efforts
to
earn
money
in
order
to
support
their
son’s study and life in
university. They seem to be willing to do
everything that is helpful to their
beloved son. But, in return, the son
spends the money as he likes without knowing how
hard his
parents work for it and how he
should use it to better prepare himself for future
career.
In my opinion, the reasons for
this phenomenon come down to one essential
point
—
failure of
both
family and school education. For one thing, quite
a lot of Chinese parents spoil their children.
All parents’ love for child
ren is the same, but different
is the way of showing it. Many parents
hope
too
much
that
their
children
will
have
a
bright
future,
which,
in
their
eyes,
means
key
universities,
hot
majors,
good
salaries
and
so
on. So
they
try
their
best
to
satisfy
the
chil
dren’s
demands
instead
of
teaching
them
to
struggle
for
future
with
their
own
hands.
For
another,
centered
on
exam
marks,
the
school
education
also
fails,
to
a
large
extent,
to
impart
moral
standards to the children,
especially the conception of
self
?
reliance and hard struggle.
In a word, to change the phenomenon
described by the above pictures, a reform in our
current
education system is not only
necessary but urgent.
点评:
第一段的重点是在描述时突出两幅图画之间强烈的反差,所以这里专门加上了第一句
< br>话。这一段在用词上也很考究。
第二段强烈地表达了自己的感想。
首句使用 了感叹句。
而后
先说父母竭尽全力挣钱供孩子读书,
后说 孩子不知父母辛苦,
不懂得如何正确利用父母的血
汗钱。
第三段给出了该现象的原因——家庭和学校教育的失败,
而后分为两方面来说,
结 构
极为清晰。最后一段只有一句话,掷地有声——要想改变现状,只能改革当前的教育体
系。
心得:
全文一气呵成,
读来倍感畅快。
从描述图画,
到发表评论,
到给出 原因,
再到解决办法,
可谓浑然一体。既有全局的考虑,又有细微处语言
的运用,该文值得大家细细品味。
Directions 2
Study the
following picture carefully and write an essay in
which you should:
1. describe the
picture, and
2. point out the reasons
why more and more foreigners like to live in
China.
You should write 160~200 words
neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
审题:
《西湖晨景》
该题目非 常简洁,
在提纲中已给出文章的主题,
即越来越多的外国人喜爱
< br>在中国生活——在描述图画后,给出原因即可。
Sample:
What
an
attractive
scene
it
is!
On
such
a
peaceful
and beautiful
morning
by
West
Lake,
a
middle
?
aged
foreigner
is
jogging
—
he
is
enjoying
the
fresh
air,
cool
breeze
and
charming
scenery. From this
picture, we can see clearly that the foreigner
enjoys life in this Chinese city,
Hangzhou.
As a matter of
fact, in the past few years, more and more
foreigners have chosen to live in
China.
Some
work
here,
some
pursue
their
study
in
universities
and
even
some
join
volunteer
activities in China. The reasons why
more and more foreigners like to live in China can
be listed
as
follows.
To
begin
with,
since
China
’
s
reform
and
opening
?
up
in
1978,
our
country
has
witnessed
great
progress
in
nearly
all
aspects
of
the
society,
especially
in
economy,
which
provides
a
far
better
environment
of
working,
investing
and
studying
for
foreigners.
Second,
economic globalization has made
cultural blending possible and necessary.
Foreigners have come
to know more and
more about Chinese culture and become influenced
by it, which has formed the
important
basis of their living in China. Last but not the
least, it is obvious that with every effort
we
have
made
in
environmental
protection,
our
country
has
become
a
place
more
and
more
suitable and pleasant to live in.
In my opinion, the arrival of
foreigners brings more chances and opportunities
of economic
development. So why not
seize such chances to embrace our bright future?
点评:
第一段描述图画。这
一段写得非常精彩,
先以感叹句开头,而后描述图画,
最后小结—
—这位外国人喜爱在杭州的生活。
第二段前两句总结了外国人
来我国的现象。
第三句是原因类的模板句,
而后分三点来说:
第一点是说改革开放后我国经济发展迅速,给外国人提供了很好的工作、投资和学习环境;
< br>第二点是说经济全球化促进文化融合——外国人对中国文化了解更多,
这构成了他们在中国
生活的重要基础;第三点是说环境保护效果显著,居住条件自然改善了。
最后一段说外国人的到来带到了更多的经济发展的机会,
所以为什么不抓 住这些机会来
拥抱我们美好的明天呢?
心得:
要写出好文章,
首先要 对文章的基本结构非常熟悉,
而后再做出一些变化,
这些变化通
< br>常就是亮点。
比如第一段先使用了一个感叹句,
立即吸引了读者的注意力。
第三段第二句使
用了反问句,效果非常强烈。
Directions 3
Study the
following drawing carefully and write an essay in
which you should:
1. describe the
drawing,
2. analyze the reasons
why it is difficult for university graduates to
find a job, and
3. point out the
possible ways to solve the problem.
You
should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET
2.
审题:
《招员工七名》
这篇文章关注的是当前重要的就业难问 题。它的要求非常明确,在描
述图画后,先给出原因,再给出解决办法,这是非常常见的
文章模式。
Sample:
The
recruiting fair in the above drawing is filled
with young graduates each holding a pile of
resumes in their hands. Around a desk
in the front of the drawing, there are dozens of
students
waiting
to
hand
in
their
resumes
but
only
seven
are
wanted
by
the
company
as
is
written
on
a
board beside the desk.
It is
clear that the drawer wants to draw our attention
to the difficulty that today’s university
graduates
are
faced
with
in
finding
a
job.
In
fact,
in
many
universities
and
colleges,
the
employment
rate of graduates is lower than 50% and much fewer
can find a satisfactory job. The
reasons for this situation can be
listed as follows. In the first place, the
enrolment expansion of
universities and
colleges has resulted in a great increase in the
number of graduates every year,
which
has exceeded the increase in positions in the job
market. What makes things worse is that
quite a lot of students like to choose
those hot majors when they enter the university
and to look
for jobs in big developed
cities when they graduate. So it is even more
difficult for them to find a
suitable
job.
From my point of view, the society
and the graduates need to join their hands in the
endeavor
to
solve
this
problem.
On
the
one
hand,
the
society
should
continue
to
focus
on
economic
development so as to provide bigger
employment chances for the graduates. On the other
hand,
the students should choose the
majors that they are really
interested in and well capable of and
broaden their
horizon when looking for jobs. Only in this way
can they gain larger space for their
future career.
点评:
p>
该文分为三段,
第一段描述图画,第二段对此问题进行了小结,而后给出了原 因。
第三
段提出了解决问题的办法。
< br>第一段共用两句话,
第一句是远景,
第二句由远及近,
展示 了求职者之多与实际招聘人
数之少。
第二段共分六句话,
前两句总结了大学毕业生就业难这一情况,
第三句话是原因类
的模板句。
第四句话说扩招带来的影响。
第五句话和第六句话说大学生选择热门的专业, p>
使
就业难的矛盾更加突出。
第三段共分四句话,
第一句话是总括句,
说社会和毕业生应携起手
来解决问题,而后分两句
话分别说明。最后一句话是总结,使用了语气强烈的倒装句。
心得:
这是常考的模式,望大家用心学习。
Directions 4
Study the
following table carefully and write an essay in
which you should:
1. describe the
table,
2.
suggest
possible
solutions
to
the
problem
of
the
heavy
burden
of
university
tuition
in
China.
You should write
160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
国家
美国
英国
中国
大学年平均学费
4
,
700
美元
1
,
500
英镑
7
,
500
元
国民人均年收入
35
,
000
美元
15
,
000
英镑
7
,
500
元
比值
1/8
1/10
1
审题:
在审题的环节中,我们应当将读图表(
图画)和看提纲有机地结合起来。有的时候,提
纲中会把文章的主题直接给出来,
这时我们文章的整体布局就会容易得多。
在这道题的提纲
中,就
出现了“中国大学学费负担沉重的问题”的字样,这就是该文的主题,我们的文章应
该围
绕它展开。
Sample:
From
the
above
table
we
can
see
that
in
America
and
Britain
the
ratio
of
average
annual
tuition of universities
to gross national income per capita is about 1 to
10, but astonishingly that in
China is
1. That is to say, the burden of university
tuition on Chinese families is nearly ten times
heavier than that on American or
British families. As a matter of fact, most
Chinese families feel it
difficult to
afford the high tuition of their children, and
some absolutely cannot afford it, which has
received more and more concern from all
over the country.
In order to solve
this problem, I strongly suggest the following
solutions. First and foremost,
it is a
must to reduce the cost of higher education. We
need to cut down the staff in universities,
most
of
whom
now
have
a
disproportionately
large
number
of
administrators.
The
now
widespread
corruption
should
also
be
eliminated
in
universities,
such
as
unnecessary
tours
and
banquets
at
public
expense.
Moreover,
much
importance
should
be
attached
to
the
reform
of
management
system
of
higher
education.
The
national
government
should
not
only
increase
financial investment in higher
education but also optimize the distribution of
such money.
To
sum
up,
it
is
high
time
to
pay
enough
attention
to
the
problem
of
the
heavy
burden
of
university
tuition in our country, and to solve it a
comprehensive educational reform is essential.
点评:
该文共分三段,第一段是描述表格,第
二段是给出解决办法,第三段是总结。
第一段是对表格进行描述——这
时我们不一定要把每个数据都描述出来,
而是要抓住问
题的关键。
这个表格的关键就是体现我国大学学费太高,
依据就是学费与国民人均年收入之
比。美国与英国处于差不多的水平,
所以放在一起说就可以了。该段共分三句话,
第一句将
比例描述出来,
第二句作出比较——中国家庭负 担的大学学费是英美国家的十倍之多。
第三
句进一步说明我国大部分家庭
感觉负担较重,有些家庭根本就负担不起。
第二段提出解决办法,
p>
第一句是模板句,
之后分两方面来说。
第一方面说的是减少高等
教育的成本,分为两个方面,一是减员增效,
二是消除腐败。
第 二方面说的是高教管理体制
的改革。国家应加强高等教育的投资,并合理配置这些资金。
最后一段是总结,说解决大学学费成为沉重负担问题正值其时,全面改
革势在必行。
心得:
提纲中
如果出现文章主题,一定要把握住,这直接决定了文章的谋篇布局。
描述图表时不一定要面面俱到,只要抓住重点即可。
< br>写原因或解决办法的段落时条理一定要清楚,
一般分为三点
(也有两点或四 点的情况)
,
不一定是权威的解释,
我们并非是专门研究 该问题的专家,
阅卷老师也不会太苛求,
只要符
合情理即
可。关键是语言表达一定要准确,如果要拿高分就一定要有出彩的地方。
Directions 5
Study the
following reportage carefully and write an essay
in which you should:
1. interpret the
reportage,
2. point out the reasons for
the problem, and
3. suggest possible
ways to solve the problem.
You should
write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
题目:
本报记者报
道自
20
世纪
70
年代末以来,
中 国的离婚率持续上升。
离婚水平已超过邻国
日本和韩国,
与新加坡同属亚洲离婚率较高的国家。
这是近日中国社会科学院人口学专家唐
灿发布的调研报告中指出的。
这份报告还写到,
据
2003< /p>
年北京市统计年鉴公布的数据,
2002
年北京市的离婚总
数为
38756
对,当年户籍人口为
1136.3
万,粗离婚率达到
6.82
?;当年
的结婚对数为
76136
对,由此计算离结率高达
50.90%
。也就 是说,这一年平均不到两对夫
妻结婚就有一对夫妻离婚,北京市的离婚率已经成为全国最
高。
审题:
这是一道相当特
殊的题目,
是就一段汉语的新闻报道命题,
提纲却是传统的模式。
这类
形式题目出现的比率不大,我们在本书中穿插了个别这样的题目主要是为了拓展大家
的视
野,
而且这类题目所涉及的主题也是非常重要的,
很 有可能以图画题或图表题等主流形式考
察到。
Sample:
According to the
above news report, the divorce rate in China keeps
increasing since 1970
’
s,
and
now
is
higher
than
that
in
Japan
and
Korea.
It
was
also
reported
that
the
ratio
of
divorced
couples to married couples reached 1 to
2 in 2002 in Beijing.
From my point of
view, the problem of high divorce rate in our
country can be analyzed from
three
perspectives. To begin with, owing to economic
development and women’s
liberation, the
traditional family mode has changed
greatly. Now in most cases the two parties of a
marriage are
psychologically and
economically independent. Second, because of the
higher living standard and
one
?
child policy, many young people have shaped a self
?
centered personality, which is liable
to result in lack of
mutual
care and understanding. Third, when all the social
members become
more and more
open
?
minded, people are less restricted to the traditional conception of marriage.
Third parties, extramarital
love and online marriage all pose great threats to
the legal marriage.
As we all know,
healthy marriages are beneficial not only to the
couples themselves, but also
to the
growth of the children and to the stability of the
whole society. Therefore, it is worthwhile
to
make
efforts
to
reduce
the
divorce
rate.
Before
they
get
married,
young
couples
should
be
emotionally and
psychologically well prepared for all possible
conditions and changes in marriage.
Furthermore, school and family
education should help enhance the sense of
responsibility, which
is not only the
key to a healthy marriage but also to a successful
career.
点评:
文章共分三段。
p>
第一段是将新闻报道中最重要的信息提炼出来,
这是看大家的基本功是
否扎实。第二段给出了该现象的原因。第三段是解决问题的办法。
第一段共有两句话,
第一句话说国内的离婚率一路攀升,
已超过了日本和韩国 。
第二句
话说北京的离结率已高达
1
∶< /p>
2
。
第二段是写原因的段落,
第一点写传统家庭模式的巨大变化。
第二
点写年轻人以自我为中心的人格的形成,
容易导致相互关爱与理解的缺失。
第三点说人们的
传统婚姻家庭观念的松动。
第三段写解决办法。
先说健康的婚姻对夫妻、
孩子和社会均有益,
推导至减少离婚率是
很有意义的事。
首先说年轻人应在结婚时做好准备,
以应对婚姻中的各种情形及变化。
另外,
学校和家庭教育
应着重加强他们的责任感,这对婚姻和事业都是大有益处的。
该文是特殊
的出题方式,如果我们考试中遇到特殊的形式,也不必慌乱,
一定要看清楚具体 的要求,这
样就可以有的放矢了。
看到熟悉的方式甚至题目,
< p>也不要过于欣喜,一定要把优势转化成胜
势。
心得:
该文有许多好的语言点值得学习。
首段的
news report
相当于提纲中的
reportage
,意思是“新闻报道”
。
< p>
次段首句的
perspective
意思是“角度”
。第四句的
one
?
child policy
表 示“计划生育的
一孩政策”
,
self
?
centered
personality
表示“以自我为中心 的个性”
,
mutual
care
and < /p>
understanding
表示“相互关爱和理解”
。第 五句中的
open
?
minded
表示“思想开明 的”
。第
六句中的
pose great threats to
表示“对??构成重大威胁”
。
第三段中的
enhance the sense of responsibility
表示“加强责任感”
。
Directions 6
Study the following pictures carefully
and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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