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英语高级句型
I. 否定句 II. 判断句
III. 祝愿祈使句 IV. 感叹句 V.
疑问句
VI. 数词句型 VII. 关联指代 VIII. 比较句型
IX. 比喻句型
I. 否定句
1. 主语+否定谓语,not +
同前主语 用语加强否定语气。
I’ll not do such a thing,
not I.
He won’t break his word, not
he.
Tom can’t speak Russian, not
he.
2. 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less
+词组或从句 用语进一步否定。
I could not assent to,
much less participate in such
proceedings.
He doesn’t like music, still
less/much less dancing.
I didn’t even see
him, still less/much less shake hands with
him.
3. 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing
of/not to speak of/not to mention
+名词
主语+否定谓语+let alone+名词或从句
用语进一步否定。
He doesn’t know English, to say
nothing of German or French.
I don’t know
algebra or geometry, not to mention
calculus.
I never thought of it, let alone
(much less/still less) did I do
it.
4. 半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词
表示半否定或让步否定。
Few, however, if any, besides
the King himself, believed that Hermione was
quilty.
I saw little or nothing of him
after you were gone.
She seldom or never
(if ever) made a mistake.
Peter read little
or nothing (little if anything) in summer
vacation.
Mr. Morris seldom or never went
out.
5. 主语+cannot + but/choose
but/help but +动词原型 意为“不得不,别无选择”。
I cannot
but admire his courage.
We can’t (choose)
but admit that in certain aspects of science and
technology they are ahead of us.
We can’t
but read books to increase our
knowledge.
6. (There
be)No+主语+but+谓语+其它 双重否定表示强烈之肯定。
(其中but
相当于who...not, that...not,
which...not)
There is no man but has his
faults.
(There is no man who doesn’t have
his faults.
There is no man without
faults.
All men have faults.)
(There
is) Nobody but has his faults.
There is no
rule but has exceptions.
There is nobody
but knows this matter.
7. A分句(否定)+
but + B分句(肯定) 借否定来强调肯定。
It never rains but
pours.
She never comes but she brings us
something to eat.
They never met but they
fought.
8. 主语+be + the last +
名词+从句/to do
He is the last person to say
that.
You are the last woman that I want to
marry.
That is the last place where I
expected to have met you.
Lying is the last
thing that he is likely to do.
II.
判断句
9. 主语+can’t+谓语+too+形容词/副词
表示强烈之肯定。
You can’t read too much/ many
books.
We can’t be too
careful.
Nobody can have too many
friends.
She can never have too many
dresses.
10. 主语+谓语+no other
than/none other than/ none but+宾语/表语
强调判断句。
The man was no other than
John.
We depend on none but
ourselves.
11. 主语+be
no
thing +else but/else than/less
than+表语 强调判断句。
He is nothing but a paper
tiger.
The situation is nothing else
but/than fine.
That is nothing less than a
miracle.
Genius is nothing but labor and
diligence.
12. 主语+be not A, but B./
主语+be +B+ and (but) not A. 选择判断句。
I am
very ill, not bodily, but mentally.
The
tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing
that you don’t know.
It is yours, and not
mine.
It is not mine, but
yours.
13. (It is) Not that A + but
that B. 选择判断句。
It is not that I dislike
the work, but that I have no time.
Not that
we are afraid of Americans, but that they are
afraid of us.
It is not heroes that make
history, but history that makes heroes, and that,
consequently, it is not heroes who create a
people, but the people who create heroes and more
history onward.
14. So far from
being ..., 主语+谓语 选择判断句。
So far from
being a help, he is a hindrance.
So far
from being ashamed of it, he takes pride in
it.
So far from being true, the news is
false.
15. 主语+be + less A than B./
主语+be+ more B than A. 比较判断句。
Experience
shows that success is due less to ability than to
zeal.
It is even more a picture that a
poem.
He is more shy than (he is)
unsocial.
He is more angry (not angrier)
than frightened.
16. 主语+be+B rather
than A. 与其说,不如说。比较判断句。
He is an ordinary
worker rather than a leader.
He is rather
diligent than clever.
The patient was worse
rather than better.
He is an artist rather
than a philosopher.
17. 主语+ be not
so much A as B. 与其说,不如说。比较判断句。
He is
not so much a scholar as a writer.
It is
not so much a help as advice.
A man’s worth
lies not so much in what he has as in what he
is.
18. 主语+ be being +doing. 故意,
有意。
She is being kind.
They are
being friendly.
Tom is being
naughty.
He is being good/helpful/a
fool.
19. 时间 + see/witness +宾语
拟人表达。
The twenties century saw the rapid
development of IT.
The happy May witnessed
their grand wedding.
1976 saw the loss of
two great men in China.
III.
祝愿祈使句
20. Be so kind/good as to do sth.
委婉的请求。
Be good/kind enough to do
sth.
Be so kind/kind enough to shut the
door.
Be so good as to come and join
us.
Be good enough (so good as) to help me
with my English.
21.
Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形
类似let,但更委婉。
Suppose we try to do it my
way.
Suppose we start
tomorrow.
Supposing we go for a
swim.
Supposing we buy a
car.
22. Long live +第三人称主语
...万岁。
Long live the people!
Long
live our motherland!
23. May +主语
+动词原形 祝愿。
May you return
soon.
May he be happy.
May she never
repent this act.
(May) God bless
you.
24. 名词 to 名词
祝愿。
Glory to the people!
Success to
you!
Best wishes to you!
A happy
journey to you!
25.
If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语 若...就好了。
If only Mao
Zedong were still by our side to see this with his
own eyes!
If only I had known then what I
knew long afterwards!
If only I could see
her again!
26. O/Oh/Ah, + that
从句(虚拟)
O/Oh/Ah, + to be +表语
O/Oh/Ah,
+ 虚拟谓语 +主语 虚拟的愿望。
Oh, that she could
come back to life again!
O that he were a
live and could see this!
Ah, to be in
England now that April is there!
O to be a
boy again!
O were he only here!
O
had I wings!
27. Be+主语
+表语
表语 + be +主语 书面语的愿望。
Be ours
a happy meeting!
Light be her heart and gay
her merry eyes!
So be it! (So may it be. Be
it so.)
Blessed be he that spares these
stones and curst be he that moves my
bones.
28. Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语
祝愿。虚拟的愿望。
Would (that) it were
otherwise!
Would that they were safe home
again!
Would I were a woman!
Would
that I were young again!
IV.
感叹句
29. To think that +
从句(虚拟谓语)意外而感叹。
To think that you should
fail!
To think that I should be s
insulted!
To think that I knew nothing
about it!
To think that you are/were so
careless!
30. Fancy + 动名词
表示“真想不到”。
Fancy meeting so many friends
here!
Fancy his doing a thing like
that!
Fancy his making such a wonderful
speech!
Fancy (that)! Just
fancy!
V. 疑问句
31. 疑问词+in the
world/on earth/the devil/ever ...?
强调疑问句。
What in the world do you
mean?
Who on earth told you
that?
Who the devil is he?
Where
ever did you lose it?
Who ever wants
it?
32. 疑问句+do you think/did you
say/can you guess/do you suppose +
其它?疑问句中插入成分。
What do you think I should do
first?
How old were you then, did you
say?
How many books, can you guess, did he
buy the other day?
33. 肯定陈述,+ 肯定反问
修辞性反问以加强语气,非反意问句,故无需作答。
肯定反问中的动词须重读。
We are old friends, not strangers,
right?
So you have seen the film, have
you?
She is a sweet girl, is
she?
34. 疑问词位置不在句首
特殊疑问句的灵活运用。
Five times what number makes
20?
You are twenty-what this
year?
He is your who?
You bought a
what yesterday?
He went all the way
where?
VI. 数词句型
35.
用exactly/clear/sharp 精确整数。
The cloth
measures ten yards exactly.
It’s now
exactly ten o’clock.
It’s ten
sharp.
It takes me three clear
days.
36. about /or so/ more or
less/ some 约指整数。
About ten thousand
cars were produced.
He wrote some 800
books.
During the past ten years or so, the
production has increased by 90 %.
It’s an
hour’s journey, more or less.
37.
年龄表达
I am 20.
I am 20 years
old.
I am 20 years of age.
I am aged
20 (years).
My age is 20
(year
s).
He entered school
at the age of 5.
He became plump at
50.
He graduated at 20 years of
age.
He is a girl of 18 (years
old).
He is a man aged 20
years.
They are under/below 7 years of
age.
She is in her
teens.
38. 计量表达
The tree is
about 60 feet high (in height).
long—in
length wide—in width
thick—in thickness heavy—in
weight
high(物)—in height tall(人)—in
height deep—in depth
across—in breadth(宽度)
across—in
diameter(直径) across—in
radius(半径)
This room measures 60 feet (in
length) by 15 feet (in
breadth).
VII. 关联指代
39. On
(the) one hand, ... and on the other (hand) ...
同一事物之两面。
On the one hand, I am your
teacher, and on the other, I am your comrade and
friend.
They have been blamed on the one
hand and lauded on the other.
On the one
hand, you shouldn’t be shy; on the other hand, you
mustn’t forget your manners.
40.
two (both) ... the one (and) the
other...
two (both) ...the former, the
latter...
two (both) ...the first, the
second...
two (both) ...that,
this...
two (both) ...those, these...
先后两事物。
I have two brothers; the one
(former) is fifteen, and the other (latter) is
eleven.
Work and play are both necessary to
health; this (the latter) gives us rest, and that
(the former) gives energy.
They keep horses
and cattle, those for riding, and these for
food.
41. first...second...third...
lastly...
firstly...secondly...thirdly...la
stly...
one...two...three...four...
序列。
First, I wish both of you good health.
Second, I wish both of you success in your work;
and third, I wish both of you good luck in
everything.
What do we need in order to
really win? We need three things: first, arms,
second, arms, third, arms and arms
again.
VIII. 比较句型
42. 某些形容词-
or + to + 被比对象 特殊比较级句型。
His strength is
superior to/greater than mine.
Socialism is
superior to capitalism.
My knowledge is
inferior to/less than his.
Is your father
senior to mine?
Colored people are by no
means inferior to white people.
His arrival
is posterior to that of my
friend.
43. Better...than...
“宁可,最好”,It is被省略。
Better late than
never.
Better to do well than to say
well.
Better to light one candle than to
curse the darkness.
Better die standing
than live kneeling.
44. choose A
before B 优先选择。
A hero should
choose death before dishonor.
I am willing
to work myself to death before I give up.
I
would do anything before that.
IX.
比喻句型
45. like, as 比喻。
He stood
there like a tree.
Use a book as a bee does
a flower.
A year has gone as a tortoise
goes heavy and slow.
46. A is to B
as C is to D.
A to B is what C is to D.
比喻
Reading is to the mind what exercise is
to the bod
y.
Intellect is to
the mind what sight is to the body.
Air is
to us what/as water is to fish.
47.
(Just) As/What +喻体, so/that +本体 比喻
Just
as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward
ideas from our minds.
What salt is to food,
that wit and humor are to conversation and
literature.
What blood vessel is to a man’s
body, that railway is to transportation.
As
food is to man, so manure is to
crops.
48. A to B is as ... as C to
D. 同等重要性比喻。
Cultivation to the mind
is as necessary as food to the body.
He
walks as if he were as blind as a beetle.
A
pen to a writer is as important as arms to a
soldier.
49. may as well ... as ...
类似比喻。
You may as well call a cat a little
tiger as call a tiger a big cat.
She might
as well love a dream as fall in love with
me.
One might as well expect the leopard to
change his spots as expect the wolf to change its
nature.
50. as...as
形容词活用。
It is as hot as hot can
be.
He works as hard as hard can
be.
She’s as beautiful as beautiful can
be.
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