重庆大学松园-重庆大学松园
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I.
Vocabulary and Structure
(30 points, 1 point each)
Directions:
Choose the best word
or
phrase
to
complete each
of
the
following
statements.
I
1.
The
man who was driving the truck would not admit that he had been
at
fault, and
__
_
A. neither the
other driver
B. neither would the other
driver
C. neither had the other driver
D. the other driver neither
2.
It
was
__
t
hat we went camping in the mountains Idst weekend.
A. so nice a
weather
C. such nice weather
D. nice weather so
3. The team really
looks good tonight because the coach had them
__
_
every night.
A. practiced
B. to practice
C.
pra~tich:tg
D.
practice
4. Betty was concerned that
her great social popularity
a
discouraging effect on the man she
wanted to marry.
A. should be
B.
had been
C.
will
be
D. might have
5.
An
air brake
is
___
the power
of
compressed air to stop a wheel from
turning.
A. a brake used to
B. what a brake is used for
C:-a-brakethat uses
D.
thara
brakeisusedfor
6.
The purpose
of
the research had a different meaning for them than
A. for ours
B. ours
C.
that
ofus
D. it did for us
7.
They shouldn't allow _
in this street; it's too narrow.
A. to park
B. parking
C.
part
D.
parked
8.
He
also conceived that the solar system and the universe
into
existence
by
a natural process and would disappear one day.
A. had come
B. would come
C.
would be come
D.
come
9.
The millions
of
calculations involved, had they been done by hand,
---
all practical value by
the time they were finished.
A. could
lose
B.
would have lost
C.
might lose D. ought to have lost
10.
There seemed little hope that the explorer,
___
in the tropical forest,
would find his way
through it.
A. having been deserted
B.
to be deserted
C.
having deserted
D.
to have been deserted
11. You can arrive in Beijing
earlier for the meeting
you don't
mind taking the night train.
A. provided
B. unless
C.
though
D. until
12. After having gone
far, George did not want to
turn
back.
A. enough
B.
mufh
C.
such
D. that
13.
how to repair the stove, I surely would have helped her.
A. Had I known
B. Would I know
C.
Werei
known
D.
Would I have known
14.
he would not persuade the other members
of
the committee, he
gave
m.
A. Given
that
B. Seeing that
C. That
D. In that
15. The results
of
t
he study were more satisfactory
__
_
A. than
it anticipated
B.
ti:an has been anticipated
C. than anticipated
D. than anticipating
16. The
news item about the fire
is
followed
by
a detailed report made
_.
A. on the spot
B.
on the site
C. on the location
D.
on the ground
17.
The boys
him
to
be the best player on the baseball team.
A.
acknowledged
B. admitted
C.
attributed
D. accepted
m
2
:v.r
~
rs
·:v.r
18.
If
y
ou plan to go to Venezuela
next
month, you had better
_
_
o
n
your
Spanish.
A.
brush up
B. play up
C. set up
D. take
up
19.
You
could
--
all the worthwhile
information in this
book
into a few
pages.
A.
collect
B. combine
C. convert
D. compress
20.
We
regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are
---
A.
out
of
stock
B. out
of
r
each
C. out
of
p
ractice
D. out
of
w
ork
21. A work
of
art is an abstract
of
t
he world and the result
of
expression
of
nature, in
---
A. miniature
B.
modesty
C. modulation D.
municipality
22.
Someone who is typically depressed should try harder to
__
.
A.
flare up
B.
cheer up
C.
clear up
D.
look
up
23.
A resolution to maintain the truce
was
carried
by
an
majority.
A. leading
B. large
C. pervasive
D. overwhelming
24.
In
the early morning the whole village was
in smoke and mist.
A. enveloped
B. sheltered
C.
shielded
D. enclosed
25.
This program recruits
college
graduates
to
work
m
low-income schools
from which
many
educators flee.
A.
low-performing
B. high-achieving
C. fast-developing
D. slow-moving
26.
They
are determined to
__
in the fight no matter how hard it is.
A.
persevere
B. revere
C. pretend
D. permit
27.
Leaders who
education are neither far- sighted
nor
mature, and
they
are therefore unable
to
lead the drive for modernization.
A.
neglect
B. omit
C:_!_esp~~t
___
D. avoid
28.
He
was deeply
__
in reading and skipped his meal.
A.
immersed
B. devoted
·
C. contributed
D.
thrown
29.
Each
of
t
hese people found a way
back
to.
a fulfilling career. And
they
all
learned that the
pain and
__
are temporary.
A. humiliation
B. human
C. humanity
D. humble
30.
Helpful friends,
__
,
good luck
and
a good resume got Sherrye
back
on
'
track.
A.
difficult
B. tenacity
C. trouble
D. foundation
II.
Reading
Comprehension (50 points, 2 points each)
~
3
N
3t
15
IIi
Directions:
In this part,
there are 5 short
p
assages. Read each passage
carefully,
and
choose the best answer
f
or
each question that follows.
Passage 1
At
the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it
became
abundantly clear
how
complex it has become to work out
international agreements relating
to the environment because
of
economic
concerns unique to each
country.
It
is no longer
enough to try to forbid
certain
activities or to reduce emissions
of
certain substances. The global
challenge
of
the interlink between the environment and development
increasingly bring us to the core
of
the economic life
of
states. During the
late 1980s
we
were able, through international agreements, to make deep
cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone
layer
(*~,@-).
These
reductions
were
made possible because substitutions
had
been
found for many
of
the
harmful chemicals and, more important,
because the harmful substances
could
be replaced without negative effects
on
employment and the
economies
of
states.
1
Although the threat
of
global warming has beenhmown to the world for
decades and all countries
and leaders agree that we need to deal with the
problem, we also know that the effects
of
measures, especially harsh
measures taken in some countries, would
be
nullified
if
other countries do
not
control their emissions. Whereas the
UN
team
on climate change has
found that the emissions
of
carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally
by
60%
to stabilize the content
of
C02
in the atmosphere, this
piath
feasible for several reasons. Such deep
cuts would cause a breakdown
I
is not
of
the
world
economy. Important and populous low-
or
medium-income countries
are
not
yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.
In addition, the state
of
world technology would not yet permit us to make
such
a big leap.
We must, however, find a solution
to the
t~-~~t
of
global warming early
in the 21st
century. Such a commitment would require a degree
of
shared
vision and
common responsibilities, new to humanity. Success
lies in the
force
of
imaginations, in imaging what
w~mld
happen
if
we fail to act.
Although many
living in cold regions would welcome the global-
warming
effect
of
a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival
of
the subsequent
tropical diseases, especially where
there had been none.
I.
The main purpose
of
this passage
is
to
~
A.
convince people that global warming is a real
threat
B. criticize some countries for
refusing to cut down emissions harmful
to the ozone layer
C.
analyze the problem
of
global warming
D.
argue against
making deep cuts in emissions
2. The
reason why it is difficult to get rid
of
the threat
of
global warming is
that
---
A.
the leaders
of
many countries are not fully aware
of
the gravity
of
the
problem
B.
world technology
is
not able to solve the problem
C.
not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions
D.
many people
welcome the global-warming effect
of
a warmer
summer
3.
In
the passage the author implies that
___
.
A.
it
is
always difficult to work out international agreements to cut
down emissions harmful to the ozone
layer
B.
it
is
no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the
environment
C.
the world has recently
become aware
of
the threat
of
global warming
D.
the
problem
of
global warming has largely been solved
4. According to the
author, it is impossible at present to cut 60%
of
carbon
dioxide
emissions globally because
__
_
A. it
is
only a goal to be reached in the future
B. some
people are lacking in imagination
C.
some people are irresponsible
D. it
would cause a collapse
of
t
he world economy
5. What
should all countries do to help solve the problem
of
global
warming?
A. They should replace all the harmful
substances.
B. They should willingly
undertake legal commitments about their
energy uses.
C. They should
hold another world conference on climate change.
D. They should provide advanced
technology.
Passage 2
Many
people believe the glare from snow causes snow
blindness.
Yet,
wearing
dark glasses or not,
they
find themselves suffering from headaches
and
watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours
of
snow light
The
United States Army has now determined that glare
from snow does
not
cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a
man's
eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse
of
barren
snow-covered
area.
So
his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth
over
the entire landscape in search
of
something to look at. Finding nothing,
hour
after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore
and
the eye muscle aches. Nature offsets this irritation
by
producing more
and
more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in
increasing quantity until vision blurs
then
is
obscured, and the result is total,
even
though temporary, snow blindness.
Experiments led the
Army to a simple method
of
overcoming this
problem. Scouts
ahead
of
a main body
of
troops are trained to shake snow
from
evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line
as
they cross completely snow
covered landscape. Even
the scouts themselves throw light weight,
dark-colored objects ahead on which
they too can focus. The men following
can
then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush
and
having found something to see, stop scouring the snow blanketed
landscape. By focusing their attention
on one object at a time, the man can
cross the snow without becoming
hopelessly snow blind or lost.
In
this way
the problem
of
crossing a solid white area
is
overcome.
6.
The
eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because
__
A. tears
cover the eyeballs.
B. The eyes are
irritated
by
blinding sunlight,
C. There
is
only white snow to focus on.
D.
The eyes are irritated
by
blinding snow
7.
When
the eyes are sore, tears are
produce~
to
__
A. clear the vision
B.
remedy snow blindness·
C. ease
the irritation.
D. Loosen the muscles.
8.
Snow blindness may be avoided
by
__
A. concentrating on
the solid white area
B. providing the
eyes with something to focus on
C.
searching for something to look at in snow covered areas.
D.
Covering the eyeballs with fluid.
9.
The first paragraph
is
mainly concerned with
A.
the need for dark glass.
--
B. The whiteness from
snow.
C.
Headaches, watering eyes and snow blindness.
D. Snow glare
and snow blindness.
1
0
.
A suitable title for this passage would be
__
A.
Snow blindness and How
to
Overcome It
B. Nature's Cure for
Snow blindness
C.
Soldiers in the Snow
D.
Snow Vision
Passage 3
Gestures, by
definition, transmit signals, and these signals
must come
across clearly
if
we are
to
understand their messages. They cannot afford
to
be
vague and woolly; they must be crisp
and sharp and difficult
to
confuse with
other signals.
To
do
this they have to develop a 'typical form' that shows
comparatively little variation. And
they must be performed with a 'typical
intensity'
t
showing much the same speed, strength
and amplitude on each
occasion that
they are brought into action.
It
is
rather like the
ringi_ng
of
a
.
t
elephone bell. The signal goes on sounding at fixed intervals, at a fixed
volume, and with a fixed sound, no
matter how urgent the call. No one
confuses a telephone bell with a front-
door bell or an alarm clock. Its fixed
form and its fixed intensity make it
unmistakable. The process
is
at work
in
human gestures. When
an angry man shakes
hi~f!.st,
the chances are that the
speed, force and amplitude
of
each shake,
as
the first jerks back and forth in
mid-air, are much the same on each
occasion that he employs this gesture and
there
is
a reasonable likelihood that his
spee.d,
force and amplitude will be
similar to those
of
any other fist-shaker.
If,
as
an experiment, you were to
perform a fist-shaking gesture
in which you slowed down the movement,
decreased the force, and increased the
distance traveled by the clenched fist,
it is doubtful
if
your signal would be understood.
An
onlooker might imagine
you were exercising your arm, but it
is
doubtful
if
he would read the message
as
a threat display.
Most
of
o
ur gestures have grown into typical presentations
of
this kind.
We
all wave in much the same
way, clap our hands at roughly the same speed,
beckon with much the same amplitude and
shake our heads with much the
san1e
rhythm. This is not a conscious
process. We simply tune into the cultural norm.
Unwittingly, we smooth the
path
of
the hundreds
of
tiny messages that fly
between us whenever we meet and
interact. Somehow we manage to match up
our
gestures with those
of
our
companions, and they do the same with ours.
Together
we
all synchronize the intensities
of
our gesturing until
we
are all
operating in
concert, as
if
under
the control
of
an invisible cultural
conductor.
As
always with human behavior there are exceptions to this general rule.
We are
not
automatons. We show personal idiosyncrasies --
individual
variations on the
cultural themes. One man, with a particularly fine
set
of
teeth,
shows
an exaggeratedly intense, open-lipped smile, and
he does this even in
mild
situations. Another man, with bad teeth, gives a more closed smile, even
when
strongly stimulated. One
man
bellows with laughter, while another titters,
in
reaction to the same joke. These are gesture variants,
and
they provide
each
of
us with a behavioral
'style',
or
body personality. They are small
differences compared with
our
general gesture-conformity, but they can
become
important personal labels none the less.
11.
What
do successful gestures have in common?
A. Manner.
B.
Rhythm.
C.
Clarity.
D. Intensity.
characteristics do successful gestures
share with telephone bell?
A.
Tney both must be responded to.
B.
It
is not
usual to mistake what they mean.
C.
They go on for a long time.
D.
They are repeated
as
many
times as possible.
13.A fist-
shaking gesture might cause confusion
if
_
_
_
A. the person also clenched his teeth
B.
the person failed to synchronize his gesturing with those around him
C.
the gesture didn't have the proper rhythm
D.
the gesture was abnormal for that particular person
14.
According to the passage, what makes people develop similar gesture?
A.
The need to
be
liked.
B.
The need to facilitate communication.
C.
The desire to be part
of
a
particular culture.
D.
The conscious desire to be like other people.
15.
What accounts for individual variation in gesture?
A.
The fact that people live in different cultures.
B.
People's desire
to
show off
t
heir good features.
C.
The fact that people are different shapes and sizes.
D.
The unconscious development
of
o
ne's own manner.
Passage
4
While everybody enjoys fresh cut
flowers around their house, few people
know how
to
keep them for as long
as
possible. This may be done
by
keeping
in mind a
few simple
facts.
An
important thing
to
remember about cut flowers
is
that they are sensitive
to
temperature. For example, studies have shown that
cut carnations
cmJi!lf)
retain their freshness eight times
longer when kept at l2°C than when kept at 26
°C. Keeping freshly harvested flowers
at the right temperatures
is
probably the
most important
aspect
of
flower care.
Flowers are not intended by nature to
live very long. Their biological
purpose is simply to attract birds or
insects, such
as
bees, for
pollination.
After that,
they quickly wither and die. The process by which
flowers
consume oxygen and emit carbon
dioxide, called respiration, generates the
I'
energy the
flox/er
needs
to
give· the
flovver
its
shape
and
color. The
i11akit1g
of
seeds also depends
on
this energy. While all living things respire, flowers
have
a high level
of
respiration. A result
of
all this respiration is heat, and for
flowers, the level
of
heat relative
to
the mass
of
the flower is very high.
Respiration also brings
about the eventual death
of
the flower, thus the greater
the level
of
r
espiration, the sooner the flower dies. -
How, then, to control
the rate
~t
which flowers
die?
By
controlling
respiration. How is respiration
controlled? By controlling temperature.
We
know that respiration produces heat,
but
the·
reverse
is
also true. Thus
by
maintaining low temperature,
respiration is minimized and the cut flower will
age more slowly. Tropical flowers are
an exception to this rule; they prefer
warmer temperatures.
This
brings us
to
another important aspect
of
cut flowers care: humidity.
The average air-conditioned
room has a relative humidity
of
65%, which
contributes
to
greater water loss in the flower. Flowers are less likely to
dry
out
if
humidity levels are 90-95%, but this may be unrealistic unless you live in
the tropics or
subtropics.
Yet another vital factor in
keeping cut flowers
is
the quality
of
the water
in
which they are placed. Flowers fmd it difficult to
'drink'
water that
is
dirty
or otherwise contaminated.
Even when water looks
and
smells clean,
it
almost
certainly contains bacteria and fungi
that can endanger the flowers.
To
rid the
water
of
t
hese unwanted germs, household chlorine bleach can be used in small
quantities.
It
is
recommended that
15
drops
of
chlorine bleach (at 14%
solution) be added to each litre
of
water. The water and solution should also
be replaced each day.
16.
What
are
the three essential factors the author believes flower care
is
dependent
on?
A.
Pollination, making
of
s
eeds, respiration.
B.
Temperature, humidity, water quality.
C.
Bacteria, fungi, germs.
D.
Household chlorine bleach, air-conditioned room, lower temperature.
17.
What are the two aspects
of
a
flower that depend on respiration?
A.
Shape and
color.
B.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C.
Birds and
insects.
D.
Releasing heat and making
of
s
eeds.
18.
Which
of
t
he following flower care methods does not apply to all flowers?
A.
Cooler temperature.
B.
Clean water.
C.
High humidity.
D.
Regular daily replacement
of
w
ater solution.
19.
What
is
the right and realistic humidity level for flower care?
A.
65%.
B.
90%.
C.
90%~95%.
D.
None
of
the above.
20.
We
can infer from the passage that
Is
the process
of
A
consuming oxygen and emitting carbon
dioxide
B.
the transferring
of
p
ollen from one flower
to
another
C.
making
of
s
eeds
D.
releasing heat
Passage 5
m
1
0
JJr
~
1s
JJr
Deep
inside the rain forest, south
of
the mighty Amazon River, lies a
435-mile
stretch
of
dirt road.
For
many Brazilians, the paving
of
such rutted
(
f:f$$~1?1),
often impassable
routes has almost mystical significance as an
essential part
of
economic progress. But to environmentalists this ritual
of
development
always means destruction for the earth's largest
rain forest, and
in this particular
case, could unleash forces that would make this
road the
most
dangerous thoroughfare
(iii§:)
in the
world.
Such concerns have not deterred
the Brazilian government from its
decision to pace over those 435 miles,
the last unfmished portion
of
a
highway called
BR
-
163. That will create a 1
0
80-mile chain
of
a
sphalt (
tB
:ifE
lE!)
going
past the Tapajos National Forest and linking the
Amazon River
with southern Brazil. As
has happened throughout the Amazon basin, the
completion
of
the highway will open the forest to settlers, and they will
undoubtedly set fires to clear land
near the road. This area, however is
regularly hit by drought and
is
perhaps the most vulnerable part
of
t
he forest.
Fires here could grow into
th~
worst conflagration (
AXX)
ever seen. Daniel
Nepstad, an ecologist who divides his time between
the
II
the Amazon has
Woods Hole Research Center in
Massachusetts and the Amazon Institute for
Environmental Research in Bel
e
m, Brazil, warns that the paving
of
BR
-
163
of
t
he end
of
t
he Amazon.
In
the Brazilian Amazon, roughly 75%
of
deforestation has occurred
within 30 miles
of
a paved road. Despite laws prohibiting settlement
in
virgin
lands,
politicians, who see settlers as voters, have
encouraged Brazil's
10
million
la..11dless
poor
to
migrate into the interior, torching forest as they go.
But
the rain forest
is
not good agricultural land, and many
of
t
he farmers sell out to
cattle ranchers. The only reason
enormous stretches
of
the forest did
not
bum
down in 1998
was that paved roads did not yet penetrate the
most fragile areas.
Conservationists
are still trying to block the paving -163, arguing
that the government approved the
project without assessing its environmental
impact. There's a chance the
oppositio,n
will succeed,
powerful agribusinesses
are arrayed
behind the road. It will link the port
of
Santarem on the Amazon
River with the city
of
C
uiaba to the south and make it easier to export soybeans
from southern
fields.
The
irony
is that in the end agribusiness will
suffer along with everyone
else. The
destruction
of
the rain forest could make drought more common all
over
Brazil, endangering soybean
~roduction.
In the face
of
that peril, the
government will have to
decide whether short-term profits are worth
risking an
environ..lUental
disaster for Brazil ----and the whole planet.
:5f;
11
§l
~
15
1'
-
f
21.
The
paving
of
B
R
-
163 by the Brazilian government will
A. greatly
boost Brazil's economy
---
B.
cultivate better agricultural land
C.
destroy the rain forest and bring more drought
D. All
of
t
he above.
22.
Why
have Politicians encouraged a large number
of
landless poor to
migrate into the interior?
A. Because they want the landless poor
to clear more land in the forest.
B.
Because they want more votes from the landless
poor.
C.
Because the farmers want to raise cattle on the land.
D.
Because the landless poor would pave a new road into the forest
23.
__
_
A. government
B.
conservationists
C.
agribusinessmen
D. Both A and C
24. Which
of
t
he following best summaries the passage?
A.
The Road
to
Disaster
Paving ofBR-163
C.
Environment and Business
D. Route through the Amazon
25.
What does
1,
paragraph 5) probably mean?
A
.
.
Wisdom.
B.
Philosophy.
C.
Moral.
D.
Mockery.
III. Proof Reading (20 points, 2 points
each)
Directions:
The following passage contains ten errors, one
in
each
indicated line or lines.
In
each case, only one word is involved. Corrections
should
be done as follows:
For
a wrong word:
underline the wrong
word
and write
the
correct one
in
the
blank
provided at the end
of
t
he line (3).
For
a missing word:
mark the
position
of
t
he missing
word
with
sign
and
write the word you believe to
be
missing
in
the, blank provided
(1).
For
an
unnecessary word:
put the unnecessary word
in
brackets
and
write
it
in
the blank provided (2).
Example:
When
/
art museum wants a new exhibit,·
1.
-/=an'=--
it
(never) buys things
in
fmished form and hangs
2.
(never)
them
on
the wall.
When
a natural history
museum
~
12
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15
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