通用汽车大学-母校祝福语
Unit 1
Task 1
【答案】
A.
1) She wanted to see St.
Paul
?
s Cathedral.
2) She was so surprised because she saw
so many Englishmen who looked alike.
3)
They
were
all
wearing
dark
suits
and
bowler
hats,
carrying
umbrellas
and
newspapers.
4)
Because
she
had
often
read
about
them
and
seen
photographs
of
them,
who
all
looked
as if they
were
wearing a uniform.
5) No, he
didn
?
t.
6) He used
the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a
world” to prove his
opinion.
B.
If all the seas
were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if
all the trees
were one tree,
what
a
great
tree
it
would
be!
And
if
this
tree
were
to
fall
in
the
sea,
what
a
great
splash there
would
be!
【原文】
Yesterday morning Gretel went to the
City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's
Cathedral.
She
was
surprised
to
see
so
many
Englishmen
who
looked
alike.
They
were
all
wearing
dark suits
and
bowler
hats.
They
were
all
carrying
umbrellas
and
newspapers.
When
she
returned
home
she
asked
Mr
clark
about
these
strange
creatures.
must
be
typical
English
gentlemen,
said.
if they are
wearing a uniform. Does the typical
English gentleman still exist?
Mr.
Clark
laughed.
never
thought
about
it,
he
answered.
It's
true
that
many
of
the men
who
work
in
the
City
of
London
still
wear
bowler
hate
and
I
suppose
they
are
typical
Englishmen.
But look
at this.
picked up a
magazine and pointed at
a photo of a young
man.
just
as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no
such thing as a 'typical'
Englishman.
Do you
know the English saying
'It takes all kinds to make a world'? That's true
of all
countries-including
England.
“Oh,
just
like
the
poem
?If
All
the
Seas
Were
One
Sea
?
,”
Gretel
began
to
hum
happily.
If all
the seas were
one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all
the trees were one
tree, what a
great
tree that would be! And if
this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great
splash
that would be!”
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) people were
much busier
2) colder than
England; minus thirty degrees; last longer
3) much more mountainous; much higher
and much more rocky; more beautiful
4) tend to be more crowded
5) the houses; smaller
B.
1) T 2) T 3) F 4)
F 5) F
【原文】
John is British but has worked in
Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from Osaka, but she is
studying
in
Britain.
In
the
following
passage
you
are
going
to
hear,
they
are
comparing
life
as they see it inthe two
countries. But before listening to it, think of
the two
countries and try to answer
the
following pre-listening
questions.
John:
I
found
that
living
in
Japan,
people
were
busier.
They
seem
to
work
the
whole
day.
Etsuko: Yes,
that
?
s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer.
You
know,
summer in Japan is just
horrible. It
?
s very, very humid and hot, and you need to
shower three
times
a day.
John: So you find it cooler in
England?
Etsuko: Yes,
that
?
s right.
John: Where I was living in Japan, in
the North, it was much colder than England,
especially in
winter,
minus
thirty
degrees
centigrade.
Does
the
winter
in
Osaka
last
longer
than
the winter
in
England?
Etsuko: No, I don
?
t think so. December, January, February, March.
John: Yes. It
?
s a little bit shorter if anything.
Etsuko:
Ever since I came here, I noticed that the
countryside here in England is
very
beautiful.
John:
It
?
s much flatter than in Japan.
Etsuko:
Yes.
Japan
is
a
mountainous
country
and
our
cities
are
full
of
people.
There
are lots of
people in a limited flat area.
John:
Yes,
I
found
Japan
much
more
mountainous
than
Britain,
especially
in
the
north.
The
mountains
are
much
higher
and
much
more
rocky.
I
found
it
more
beautiful
than
Britain,
I think.
Etsuko: Yes,
if you like mountains.
John: And
therefore the towns and villages tend to be more
crowded.
Etsuko: Yes,
that
?
s right.
John: Yes. So because the cities are
more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller,
don
?
t they?
Etsuko: Yes, they are very compact, and
we don
?
t have a lot of space. In big cities
we have a lot of
taller buildings now.
John: Is this a problem because there
are more earthquakes in Japan?
Etsuko: Yes, that
?
s right and…
Task 3
【答案】
A.
1)
In
the
US,
people
usually
dance
just
to
enjoy
themselves;
they
don
?
t
invite
other
people to
watch them.
2)
Usually eight people dance together.
3) Because people form a square in
dancing with a man and a woman on each side of
the square.
4) He
usually makes it into a song.
5)
They wear old-fashioned clothes.
B.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4)
F 5) T
C.
1)
eight people form a square; on each side of the
square
2) what they should do;
makes it into a song; sings it
3) don
?
t have much time to think
4) old-fashioned
clothes
【原文】
Rosa:
Why
don
?
t
you
have
folk
dances
in
the
United
States?
Most
countries
have
special
dances
that
the
people
have
done
for
many
years.
The
dancers
wear
clothes
from
the
old
days.
Everyone likes to
watch them dance.
Steve:
We
have
folk
dances,
too.
A
lot
of
people
belong
to
folk
dancing
groups.
But
when they
dance, they
usually do it just to enjoy themselves. They
don
?
t invite other people
to
watch them.
Rosa: Is there a folk dancing group
here?
Steve: I think so. There
must be. There
?
s one in almost every city, and some big
cities have
several.
Rosa: What
are the dances like?
Steve:
Usually
eight
people
dance
together,
four
men
and
four
women.
When
they
start,
they form
a square,
with a man and a woman on each side of the square.
That
?
s why it
?
s called
square dancing. Then
there
?
s a man who tells the dancers what they should do. He
usually
makes it into a song. He sings it while they
dance.
Rosa: Oh, that should
make the dances easy!
Steve:
Yes, but they are very fast. They
don
?
t have much time to think. I like to
watch them,
though. The dancers wear old-fashioned
clothes. That makes the dances pretty to
watch.
Rosa:
I
?
d like to watch a group dance.
Steve: I
?
ll take you sometime.
Task 4
【答案】
1) It was a time
to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning
of spring.
2) They burned the
picture of their kitchen god to bring good
luck.
3) The custom said the
brides must wear “something old, something new,
something
borrowed,
and something b
lue” to bring good luck.
4)
Because
they
could
not
eat
meat,
eggs
or
dairy
products
during
Lent,
so
they
tried
to
use up
these things before Lent
began.
5) It was a straw man
made by children in Czech; it was a figure of
death.
6)
People
brought
their
animals
to
church.
And
before
the
animals
went
into
the
church
people
dressed them up in flowers and
ribbons.
【原文】
1) On the evening of February 3rd,
people in Japanese families took one dried bean
for each year
of
their
age
and
threw
the
beans
on
the
floor,
shouting
luck
in!
Evil
spirits
out!
known as
spring.
2) Before the
Chinese Lunar New Year in the old days, many
Chinese families burned
the
picture
of their kitchen god to
bring good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day came,
they put
ancw
picture
of the kitchen god on the wall.
3)
When
American
women
got
married,
they
sometimes
followed
an
old
custom
in
choosing
what
to wear on their wedding day. The
custom said the bride must wear
something
new, something borrowed, and something
blue
4) Before Lent (a time on
the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti,
Italy ate
an omelet made
with 1,000 eggs. People could not eat
meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so
they tried to
use up
these things before Lent began.
5) When winter ended in Czech, the
children made a straw man called
was a
figure
of death. They burned it
or threw it in the river. After they destroyed it,
they
carried flowers
home to show the arrival of
spring.
6) January 17th was St.
Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day when people
brought
their animals
to church. But before the animals went
into the church, the people dressed them up
in flowers
and
ribbons. This ceremony was to protect people's
animals.
Task 5
【答案】
A.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7)
T
B.
Advantages Disadvantages
Lots of servants to do the work
Terrible life for servants
beautiful clothes to wear very
uncomfortable clothes
lots of
tea parties boring and formal tea parties
—
often no men
being invited
life
being slower much more illness
plenty of time to talk to each other
children left with servants all day
very poor education
no freedom for women
【原文】
Man: Well, I
think life used to be much more fun than it is
now. I mean, look at
the
Victorians.
They had lots of
servants to do all the work; they never had to do
any cooking or
cleaning;
they just wore those beautiful dresses
and went to tea parties.
Woman:
You
must
be
joking!
Their
clothes
were
terribly
uncomfortable
and
their
tea
parties
were
very
formal
and
boring.
They
used
to
wear
their
hats
and
long
gloves
even
when
they
were
eating cakes and biscuits. And men were not
usually invited.
Man: Really?
Weren't they?
Woman: And think
of the poor servants. What a terrible life
—
just cleaning and
cooking for other
people all the time!
Man: But you hate housework!
Woman:
Yes,
I
know,
but
there
are
lots
of
machines
now
to
help
you
with
the
housework.
People
don't need
servants.
Man:
Maybe
they
don't,
but
life
then
was
much
slower
than
it
is
now-people
nowadays
are
always rushing, and they never have
time to stop and enjoy themselves.
Woman:
Life
then
was
fine
for
the
rich,
but
it
was
dreadful
for
the
poor.
There
was
much
more
illness. They didn't have
the money to pay doctors, and they often used to
die of
illnesses
that
don't exist in England now.
Man:
Maybe. But people used to talk to each other, play
the piano or play cards
together.
Nowadays
people
just
sit
in
front
of
the
television
for
hours
and
never
talk
to
each
other.
Woman:
I agree with you
about television; but what about their children? They left
their
Children
with the servants all
day. Children
hardly ever
saw their parents! And the clothes
they
had
to wear! Horrible, tight,
uncomfortable, grown-up clothes. Children have a
much
better
life now
than they used to, and schools and education are
much better too.
Man: I hate
school.
Woman: And look at
opportunities for women. In those days, women used
to stay at
home, play
the piano, change their clothes several
times a day and have tea parties. What a
life! They
didn't
have
any
freedom
at
all.
I'm
very
happy
living
now.
I
can
work,
have
a
career,
do
what I want
to.
Man: You mean you can work
hard all your life like a Victorian
servant.
Woman: Life isn't all
tea parties, you know.
Task
6
【答案】
A.
1) b 2) a 3) c 4)
a
B.
1) family
unit; process; change; used to be; the extended;
the nuclear
2) job
patterns;
progressed; agricultural;
industrial;
forced; job opportunities;
split up
3) traditional; family; expanded; other
living arrangements
C.
1)
mother,
father,
children,
and
some
other
relatives,
such
as
grandparents,
living
in
the same
house or nearby
2) only the parents and the
children
3)
previously
married
men
and
women
marry
again
and
combine
the
children
from
former
marriages into a new family
【原文】
The American
family unit is in the process of change. There
used to be mainly two
types of
families: the extended and the nuclear.
The extended family most often included
mother, father,
children,
and
some
other
relatives,
such
as
grandparents,
living
in
the
same
house
or nearby. Then
as
job
patterns
changed
and
the
economy
progressed
from
agricultural
to
industrial,
people
were
forced
to
move
to
different
parts
of
the
country
for
job
opportunities.
These
moves
split up
the
extended family. The nuclear
family became more prevalent; this consisted of
only
the parents and
the
children.
Now
besides
these
two
types
of
traditional
groupings,
the
word
is being
expanded to include a variety of other
living arrangements.
Today's
family
can
be
made
up
of
diverse
combinations.
With
the
divorce
rate
nearly
one in
two, there is
an increase in single parent homes: a father or
mother living with
one or more
children.
families
occur
when
previously
married
men
and
women
marry
again
and
combine the
children from former marriages into a new family.
On the other hand,
some couples
are deciding not to have any children
at all, so there is an increase in childless
families. There are
also
more
people
who
live
alone:
single,
widowed,
divorced.
Now
one
in
five
Americans
lives
alone.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
Men Women Both
Study
subjects like history or English
√
Study engineering
√
Go to university to get
good jobs
√
Look for a good job because
they want a good husband
√
Look for a good job
because they want to be successful
√
Work for a lifetime
√
Work up to ten years
√
Get married by
twenty-seven
√
Cook the meals
√
Look after the
children
√
Go
out for a drink after work
√
Come home by four o'clock in the
afternoon
√
B.
1) c 2) c 3) a 4)
b 5) c 6) c 7) c
【原文】
In Japan both men and women go to
university and both men and women study the arts
such
as history or
English. But very few women study science,
medicine or engineering.
In
engineering
classes of thirty or
forty students, there may be only one or two
women. Men and
women both go
to university in order to get good
jobs: men want to work for a big company, be
successful, earn a
lot of money
and
support a family; women, on
the other hand,
want to
work for a big
company
because they
have a better chance of
meeting a
successful man and getting married.
This is
changing,
however, as Japanese women begin to think about
their own careers. They
have
began
to take jobs which they
like rather than jobs in order to find a
husband.
Men work for their
whole lives and usually stay with the same
company. A woman may
work
up to ten years, but after that she
usually gets married. Most women are married
by the age of
twenty
seven, then they stay at home and look after the
children. A man does not
cook or
look
after the children. When he
comes home, his meal must be ready. The woman may
go
out in the
afternoon, shopping with her friends or
having a chat, but she must go back home
by four o'clock
to
prepare the meal. Then she may have to wait a long
time for her husband to come
home. Often
he has to go out for a drink after
work: if he doesn't he may not rise very high
in the company.
After
her children grow up, a woman can go back to work,
but it is not easy. If her
former
company
takes
older
women
back,
she
might
be
lucky.
But
most
women
find
it
difficult
to find a
job when
they are older.
Task 8
【答案】
A.
1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7) c 8)
b
B.
1) T 2) T
3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F
【原文】
Matthew: Geth,
how do people set about getting married in
England?
Geth: I suppose the
most common way is still for people to go home.
For example,
people who
live in London now will go back to
their homes in the provinces where they'll meet
all
their relatives
and their parents, and they'll get married in a
church, with the
bride
wearing white, the traditional
white. Then they'll go off and
have
a booze-up with
their
relatives and friends and a jolly good
time will be had by all. Otherwise you can
get
married in a
registry office, which means you turn up with your
bride-to-be or
bridegroom-to-be
with two witnesses only. The ceremony takes about
five minutes,
I
suppose. You sign the form and that's
it.
Matthew: There are many
today who say that marriage is a complete waste of
time.
What's your
view of marriage in the twentieth
century?
Goth: Well, I live in
London as you know. I think in London, the
tendency is to...
for a... boy
and girl, man or woman to live together
before marriage and often to live together
without
any
prospect
of
marriage
at
all.
I
think
this
probably
is...
is
true
of
London
and
the
other big cities than elsewhere, because
after all people in London
are living
in a big
place
where home ties are obviously less restrictive.
They can do more or less as
they
please and I think this is the
pattern.
Matthew: But do you
think it helps for people to live together before
taking their
vows?
Geth:
I
think
in
a
sense
the
habit
of
living
together
before
marriage
may,
in
a
strange
sort of
way,
make
marriage
stronger,
because
after
all
the
people
will
know
each
other
better
when
they
do
get
married
and
it
might
be
suggested
that
divorce
would
be
less
likely
between such a
couple.
Matthew:
Sue,
you've
been
married
for
two
or
three
years
now.
How's
it
working
out?
Sue:
I
think
it's
a
successful
marriage.
It's...
I
mean,
it's
difficult
to
say
why,
because we
basically
suit
each
other
very
much.
We
have
a
good
friendship,
apart
from
anything
else, and, you know, we just go
together very well because we respect each
other's
freedom
and
individuality,
but
on
the
other
hand
we
really
need
each
other,
you
know,
it's...
Matthew: What
about.., have you thought of having
children?
Sue: Well, obviously,
like most young couples, we have thought about it,
but, you
know, we
both
feel
rather,
sort
of,
loath
to
lose
our
freedom
just
yet.
I
think
we'll
probably
wait
another few years.
Matthew: Is it easy in England today to
people to get divorced, or is that quite
difficult?
Chris: I
think technically it's probably fairly easy, I
think, because I'm not
English but, I
think
technically it's fairly
easy to be... to get divorced. But it's not just
the
technicality of it
which is the problem. Divorce is... is
a social stigma which people can probably
Cope
with to varying
degrees, but it's also a lot easier for the man
because the woman,
after she
is
divorced
is,
in
fact,
frowned
upon
by...
by
a
lot
of
people
in
society.
She
is...
is... at
a...
a much more difficult
social position in terms of... of meeting other
men, or
whatever,
simply because she is a
divorcee.
Task 9
【原文】
Social
customs
and
ways
of
behaving
change.
But
they
do
not
necessarily
always
change
for
the
better.
Things
which
were
considered
impolite
many
years
ago
are
now
acceptable.
Just a
few
years ago, it was considered
impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the
street.
No man who
thought
of
himself
as
being
a
gentleman
would
make
a
fool
of
himself
by
smoking
when
a lady
was in the room.
The
important
thing
to
remember
about
social
customs
is
not
to
do
anything
that
might
make
other people feel uncomfortable
—
especially if they are your guests. There is a
story about a
rich
nobleman who had a very
formal dinner party. When the food was served, one
of the
guests started
to
eat
his
peas
with
a
knife.
Other
guests
were
amused
or
shocked,
but
the
nobleman
calmly
picked
up
his
knife
and
began
eating
in
the
same
way.
It
would
have
been
bad
manners
to
make
his guest feel foolish or
uncomfortable.
Unit 2
Task 1
【答案】
1) b 2) a 3) d
【原文】
Texas
was
the
biggest
state
before
Alaska
became
the
forty-ninth
state
in
1959.
One
good
way to
understand the size of Texas is to learn about its
weather. Different parts
of the state
have
very different kinds of
weather.
Laredo is one of the
hottest cities in the United States in summer. The
best time
to visit
Laredo is in winter, when it is
pleasantly warm.
Amarillo gets
very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow
in Amarillo than
in New
York,
which
is
a
northern
city.
Summers
are
better,
but
sometimes
it
gets
quite
hot.
The best
time
to visit Amarillo is in the
autumn when it is cool.
If
anyone
asks
you
about
the
weather
in
Texas,
ask
him,
“
What
part
of
Texas
do
you
mean
？
”
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) T 2) F 3) F
B.
1) d 2) c 3)
c
C.
climate,
reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet,
clear, dull, hot, cold,
bad,
mild
【原文】
Our
friend,
Nick,
whose
English
gets
better
and
better,
declared
solemnly
the
other
day that
he thought that the British climate was
wonderful, but the British weather was
terrible. He went on
to
explain
by
pointing
out
that
the
British
climate
was
a
temperate
one.
This
meant,
he said,
you could always be certain that the
weather would never be extreme
—
at any rate
not for any
length
of
time
—
never
very
hot
and
never
very
cold.
He
quite
rightly
pointed
out
that the
rainfall
in Britain,
according to the statistics,
was not very heavy.
then,
climate
such
a
bad
reputation?
He
answered
by
saying
it
was
because
of
the
extraordinary,
unreliable
weather.
There
was
no
part
of
the
year
at
which
you
could
be
certain
that
the weather
would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot
or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold
as a mild day in
January.
Indeed
you
could
feel
cold
at
almost
any
time
of
the
year.
Nick
blamed
drafty
British
houses for this, but agreed you could
also blame the small amount of sunshine and
a great amount
of
dampness. He advised every student coming to
Britain to bring an umbrella and
to
understand
the meaning of that
splendid word
Task 3
【答案】
I.
the country; Trees, grass, lakes and
steams
II.
A.
1. concrete, iron,
steel
2. take in the heat during
the day and throw off heat into the air at
night
B. Warmer winters, car
engines; electrical appliance
Ⅲ
.
A. air
pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the
earth
B.
1.
Ice near the North and South poles to melt
2. to be slowly flooded and people
living in these cities to move to higher
land
【原文】
Cities
change
the
climate
around
you.
In
the
country,
there
are
trees,
grass,
lakes,
and streams.
In
hot
weather,
the
trees
and
grass
cool
the
area
around
them.
Lakes
and
rivers
also
cool the area
around
them.
But
cities
are
not
cooled
in
these
natural
ways.
Cities
are
built
of
asphalt,
concrete,
iron, and
steel. There are few trees and usually
not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets
and into the
sewers.
When the
summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in
the heat; after the sun
sets,
the
streets and buildings throw
off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the
countryside cools off, but
a city may stay hot all night.
Cities
are
hotter
than
the
countryside
in
winter,
too.
Standing
near
a
car
with
its
motor
running,
winter
or
summer,
you
will
feel
the
heat
thrown
off
by
the
engine.
The
heat
comes from
the gasoline burned by the engine. This
heat warms the air and the ground around
the car.
Thousands of
running cars are almost like thousands of small
fires burning.
Carefully put
your hand near a light bulb or television set. As
you can see,
electricity creates
a lot of heat. This heat from
electricity warms the house and the outside
air.
The
heat
given
off
by
cities
can
affect
the
climate.
Some
experts
even
believe
that
cities can
change
the
climate
of
the
whole
world.
They
think
that
air
pollution
may
stop
sunlight
from
reaching
the
earth.
If
less
sunshine
reaches
the
earth,
the
earth
may
become
cooler.
Still other
experts think the world will get warmer. If the
world did get warmer,
great
changes
would
occur.
Ice
near
the
North
and
South
poles
would
melt.
This
would
make
the
oceans
rise.
Cities
near
oceans
—
like
Los
Angeles,
Boston,
and
Miami
—
would
slowly
be
flooded.
People
living in
these cities would have to move to higher
land.
Task 4
【答案】
A.
1) b 2) c
B. night,
delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red,
head
C.
1) F
2) T 3) F
【原文】
A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one
of the spectacular and beautiful weather
predictors we
have in
nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you
can achieve short-range
accuracy
of
the weather as good as, or
better than your local weatherman. In the Bible,
Jesus
in
Matthew 16,
2-
3
is
quoted
as
saying,
“When
it
is
evening,
it
will
be
fair
weather:
for
the
sky
is red. And in the
morning it will be foul weather today:
for the sky is red” when speaking to the
Pharisees. An old
English weather proverb based on this
passage is:
Red sky at night,
sailors delight.
Red sky at
morning, sailors take warning.
Or
Evening red and
morning gray,
Sends the traveler
on his way.
Evening gray,
morning red,
Brings the rain
down on his head.
At dusk, a red
sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This
is due to the sun
shining
through
dust
particles
being
pushed
ahead
of
a
high
pressure
system
bringing
in
dry
air. A red sky
in the
morning is due to the sun again shining through
dust. In this case however,
the dust is
being
pushed
on
by
an
approaching
low
reassure
system
bringing
in
moisture.
Don't
confuse
a red sky in
the morning with a red sun in the
morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is
a normal color, the
day will be fair.
Task 5
【答案】
1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c
【原文】
Mark: I am an
avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on
the river in a raft
during
lightning storms. We always have a debate at these
times on where we
are safest
—
pulling into shore or staying on the water. Since I have heard one
is safe in a car when lightning strikes
I wonder if the raft floating on the water
is insulated, and therefore the safest
place to be.
Meteorologist A: We
spoke with some scientists about your question,
and they all
agreed that
under no circumstances should you
remain on the water during a lightning
storm. If your raft is made of rubber,
you might feel that you're .well insulated,
but don't kid yourself. Typical
lightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers
and
can deliver as much as
100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster
uses
about 10 amps of current.
If lightning strikes the water near you, it will
have no
trouble traveling
through a few extra centimeters of rubber.
Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the
water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to
the shore and
seek
shelter on land. Try a building or car. If neither
is available, look for a
cave,
cliff, wall, or
a group of trees. Never take shelter under an
isolated tree-it's
also a
good target for lightning.
Task 6
【答案】
A.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6)
T
B.
Incredible,
one
minute,
one
kilometer,
destroyed,
lifted
up,
carried
away,
killed,
injured
【原文】
Every spring and summer many inland
areas are hit by tornados. A tornado is a kind
of storm.
It's a
revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves
through the sky at very
high speeds.
A
tornado
looks
like
a
huge,
black
ice
cream
cone
whirling
through
the
sky.
The
speed
of
a tornado
is very fast-it is
believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per
hour.
Tornados form under very
special weather conditions, and these special
weather
conditions
occur
most
often
in
inland
areas,
such
as
the
central
United
States.
A
tornado
forms
when a layer
of
warm,
dry
air
is
on
top
of
a
layer
of
cooler,
moist
air.
This
combination
of
dry,
warm air
above
wet, cool air creates a
condition that causes the lower layer of air to
lift up.
As the lower air rises,
both layers of air begin to rotate, to
turn around and around. The air begins to
rotate faster and
faster
because
of
centrifugal
force.
The
tornado
has
a
center
called
an
“eye”
and
the air rotates
quickly around this eye.
As the air begins to rotate faster and
faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow
downward; that
is, it
begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone
goes down toward the ground.
The
cone of air is dark because it develops from a
dark rain cloud. As the cloud
gets
longer,
as the cloud gets closer
to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the
ground.
Then the funnel of
rotating
air
becomes
very
dark
because
of
the
dirt
in
it.
As
the
tornado
funnel
gets
longer, it begins
to drag along the ground.
When
the
tornado
touches
the
ground,
it
does
incredible
damage.
It
usually
touches
the
ground for only
about one minute, and it usually travels along the
ground for only
about one
kilometer,
but during that one minute, buildings are
destroyed, trees are lifted
up out of
the ground,
small objects are
carried away, and sometimes people are injured or
killed.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
1) b 2) a 3) b
B.
1) It has been
nice weather during the day, but it is going to
change at night.
2) Fine weather
in southern Europe and not so nice in northern
Europe
For today
Southeast England---26 degrees Celsius
by mid-afternoon
Southern
Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21
degrees
Brighton---15 hours of
lovely sunshine
Midlands---23
degrees Celsius by early afternoon
Northwest of Scotland---Light showers
around midday
For the
weekend
Spain---34 degrees
Celsius
Greece---32 degrees
Celsius
France---Cloudy with
rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degrees
Northern Ireland---Heavy rain, 17
degrees Celsius
Most of England
---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23
degrees Celsius
【原文】
Radio
Announcer:
You
?
re
listening
to
Radio
Metro.
It
?
s
two
minutes
to
nine,
and
time
for the latest
weather for cast from Dan Francis at
the London Weather Centre.
Francis: Hello. It's been another warm
and fine day for most of us. Temperatures
in southeast
England
reached 26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon, and
Brighton had 15 hours of
lovely
sunshine.
Further
north
it
was
a
little
cooler
with
maximum
temperatures
of
around
21 degrees in
southern
Scotland,
and
in
the
far
northwest
of
Scotland
there
were
some
light
showers
around
midday.
But
the
rest
of
the
country,
as
I
said,
has
been
warm
and
dry
with
temperatures
in the
Midlands
reaching
23
degrees
Celsius
by
early
afternoon
though
it
was
a
little
cooler
along the
west
coast
and
in
Northern
Ireland.
But
already
the
weather
is
beginning
to
change,
I'm afraid, and
during
the night
showers will slowly
move
in from the Atlantic to
reach
south-west
England and
the
southern coast of Wales by early morning.
The rest of the
country will have a very mild, dry night with
minimum temperatures
no lower
than
15 degrees in the south, a
little cooler
—
11degrees or so
—
in the north. Any
remaining showers
in
northwest Scotland will pass quickly to leave a
mild, dry night there too.
And
now the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well,
southern Europe will, once
again, get
the
best
of
the
weekend
weather,
and
if
your
holiday
starts
this
weekend,
then
southern
Spain is the
place to go,
with
temperatures
of 34
degrees along the Mediterranean
coast. At the
eastern end of
the
Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine
and temperatures of up to 32
degrees
Celsius
in
Greece
and
southeast
Italy,
but
further
north
the
weather's
not
so
settled.
Much
of
France,
Belgium
and
the
Netherlands
will
be
cloudy
with
occasional
rain,
and
maximum
temperatures will
be around 22 degrees
—
very disappointing for this time of the year.
Scotland and Northern
Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the
weekend and
temperatures
will drop to a cool 17 degrees. Across
most of England the weather will be cloudy
but mainly dry
with
sunny periods. And when the sun does come out,
temperatures could rise to a
maximum of
23
degrees.
Task 8
【答案】
Natural Phenomena Air Pressure
(Rise or Fall)
Causes
Faraway
objects are focused. Fall The dust particles begin
to settle to the
ground in
thinner air and the air clears.
Birds
?
calls become Sharper. Fall Instead of traveling upward and outward into
the atmosphere they
are bent back to the earth
and
their range extended.
Swamp
doesn
?
t smell very
strong.
Rise The
methane is trapped in the bottom of the
swamp because of the thick air.
Bird fly high. Rise Birds prefer to fly
where the air is the densest
and
they can get greater lift with their wings
Smoke rise high in the air Rise Smoke
rises with thicker air.
Elderly
people
?
s joints ache. Fall The gas in our bodies expands in lower air
pressure.
【原文】
As
the
air
pressure
around
you
either
rises
or
falls,
many
changes
in
nature
occur.
Most of
these are very obvious changes while
others are of a more subtle nature.
Mountains
and
other
far
away
objects
will
appear
to
be
much
closer
and
more
sharply
focused as wet
weather approaches and the air pressure drops. The
dust particles
in the air begin
to
settle
to
the
ground
and
the
air
clears,
allowing
you
to
see
more
details
of
faraway
objects. As
a
high
pressure
front
approaches
and
the
air
becomes
“thicker,”
more
dust
particles
become
suspended in air and things take on
their normal somewhat hazy appearance.
“Sharp
horns
on
the
moon
threaten
bad
weather.”
Thi
s
and
a
bright,
clear
moon
are
good
indicators
that
wet
weather
is
on
the
way.
As
the
air
clears
of
dust
particles
ahead
of a low
pressure
system,
the
moon
appears
to
come
closer
and
be
more
sharply
focused
due
to
the
lack
of dust.
Sound also becomes sharper and more
focused prior to stormy weather. Instead of
traveling
upward and
outward into the atmosphere sound waves are bent
back to the earth and
their
range
extended. Bird calls sound
sharper, and, at my house, we can hear the blowing
of
the train horn as
it rumbles through the valley
below.
If you find yourself
out in a marsh or swamp
and the
air
really seems to stink more
than
normal,
expect
rainy
weather.
This
happens
when
the
pressure
drops
and
the
methane
trapped on
the
bottom
of
the
swamp
is
released
in
greater
quantities.
In
reverse,
as
fair
weather
approaches
and the pressure rises, things won't
smell quite so strong.
Birds and
bats have a tendency to fly much lower to the
ground right before a rain
due to
the
“thinning”
of
the
air.
They
prefer
to
fly
where
the
air
is
the
most
dense
and
they
can get greater lift
with
their
wings.
With
high
pressure
and
dry
air,
the
atmosphere
becomes
denser
and
they can
easily fly at higher altitudes.
Smoke rising straight into the air
means fair weather and smoke hanging low means
rain is on
the way.
This is pretty much the same as with the birds and
methane in the swamp.
When high
pressure approaches, smoke will rise
whereas with low pressure it can't rise and
tends to lay
low.
Remember
a
grandparent
talking
about
how
their
corns,
bunions,
or
joints
ached
right
before
a rain?
Again, this is
due to the decreasing atmospheric pressure allowing the
gas
in our bodies
to
expand.
Task 9
【答案】
A. Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.
B.
f
—
c< /p>
—
a
—
d
—
b
—
e
C.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F
D.
1) d 2) b
【原文】
It
was
1974.
Richard
Nixon
was
still
president.
Kidnapped
heiress
Patty
Hearst
was
still
missing.
In
Xenia,
a
pretty
spot
of
25,000
people
amid
fields
of
soybeans
and
corn,
American
Graffiti
was
held
over
at
the
Cinema.
The
Xenia
Hotel
offered
a
chicken
and
dumpling
dinner for
$$2.25, but everyone flocked to the A&W
drive-in for burgers and root beer floats.
That's where
five of
the bodies were found after the storm.
In all, 33 people died in Xenia's
tornado, the deadliest of 148 storms that raged
through 13
states
during the infamous
16 hours and
10
minutes, 330 people were
killed and nearly 5,550 were injured from Illinois
to
Georgia.
Though
the Xenia death toll has been matched by other
killer storms, the degree of
devastation makes the city's tornado
among U.S. history's most destructive. The
storm still is
studied
in
colleges
by
aspiring
meteorologists,
a
textbook
case
of
a
rare
Category
F-5, the most
intense
of tornadoes.
On that fateful
day, I was a young boy of 8 years old. We lived in
the Arrowhead
Subdivision.
That afternoon I was around the corner
playing with some neighbor kids. I thought
I could hear
my
father calling me, so I ran back to the house.
Thinking back now, there is no
way I
would have
been
able
to
hear
him.
I
was
too
far
away
for
a
voice
to
have
traveled
in
the
afternoon
noise.
Besides,
Dad
had
a
very
bad
case
of
tonsillitis
that
day.
Like
I
was
saying,
I
went
back home
and
got through the door just in
time to answer the ringing phone. On the other end
of
the phone was
my
Mother. Mom was working. She told me she heard a
bad storm was on the way. She
told me
to
make sure the garage door was
shut and to stay inside. After I hung up the
phone,
I settled down to
watch
The
Dennis
Show.
To
this
day
I
can
vividly
remember
the
electricity
going
out.
I looked out
the large window
in the
living room and didn't have a clue as to
what I
was looking
at.
Dad was asleep on
the couch, so I woke him up to look. Dad looked
and said to get
into the
bathroom. We sat on the floor. Dad had
his back to the door and his feet pushing
against the wall
opposite
the
door.
I
remember
that
as
soon
as
we
sat
down,
the
windows
broke.
Glass
blew
under
the door, and the sound
was tremendous. I know it really
didn
?
t take too long for
the tornado to go
past, but I do remember the
conversation we had in the process. I could feel
the
cool air rushing
under the floor through the crawlspace
vents. I asked if we were flying. He said
he wasn't sure, but
he didn't think we were. He said the
house was tearing apart. I asked him how he
knew. He said he
just
knew it was.
When things calmed
down, we opened the door. The odd feeling I had,
looking up the
street
from inside what once was my hallway,
is still with me today.
I think
back often to that day. I think back and wonder
what would have happened
if my
Dad
hadn't
been
sick
that
day.
Like
a
lot
of
kids,
I
stayed
home
by
myself
after
school
back then. I
seriously
doubt I would
be able to tell you my story, if
I had been alone that day.
I still live
in
Xenia and
wouldn
?
t trade this town for any other.
Task 10
【原文】
Undoubtedly,
Tibet is one of the harshest places for human
existence. It is cool
in summer
but
freezing
cold
in
winter.
In
Lhasa,
the
mildest
city
in
Tibet,
temperature
may
exceed
29C in
summer
while
plummeting
to
-16C
in
winter!
Sun
radiation
is
extremely
strong
in
Tibet.
The
sunlight
in
Lhasa
is
so
intense
that
the
city
is
called
Sunlight
City.
The
thin
air
can neither
block
off nor retain heat so
that there are great temperature extremes on the
same day.
The average
temperature in north Tibet is subzero
and winter arrives in October until the
following May or
June.
July
and
August
are
the
best
time
to
visit
the
area,
enjoying
warm
temperature,
intense
sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive
events. May, June and September is the
tourist season in
east
Tibet.
In
winter,
roads
are
all
blocked
by
heavy
snow.
Landslides
and
rock
falls
frequently
occur, which will make travel
difficult.
Unit 3
Task 1
【答案】
A.
1)
Stress
on
the
job
costs
American
companies
as
much
as
$$150
billion
a
year
in
lower
productivity, unnecessary employee sick
leave, and higher medical costs.
2)
The
most
stressful
professions
are
those
that
involve
danger
and
extreme
pressure
and those
that carry a lot of responsibility
without much control.
3) The
best way to deal with stress is through
relaxation, but sometimes the only
answer is to fight
back or walk away.
B.
1) Three-
quarters
2) psychologists,
doctors
3) nervousness, anger,
frequent illness, forgetfulness, mental
problems
【原文】
Stress on the job costs American
companies as much as $$150 billion a year in
lower
productivity,
unnecessary
employee
sick
leave,
and
higher
medical
costs.
Three-
quarters of the
office workers
today say they suffer from stress at work.
Recently, psychologists
and doctors
have
begun
to
study
the
problem
more
closely.
They
have
discovered
that
the
most
stressful
professions
are those
that involve danger, extreme pressure and those
that carry a lot of
responsibility
without
much control.
The
sign
of
stress
range
from
nervousness,
anger,
and
frequent
illness
to
forgetfulness
or even
mental problems.
The
best
way to
deal
with
stress
is
through
relaxation, but
sometimes the
only
answer is to fight back or
walk away.
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) give in so easily to
hijackers
?
demands
a) threaten to blow up a plane, commit
some other outage
b)
hold
out
against
this
kind
of
blackmail,
always
have
terrorists,
Start
executing
terrorists
automatically
c) be
prepared to face the consequences of evil
2)
a)
It
?
s
the
lesser
of
two
evils.
Terrorists
have
proven
often
enough
that
they
really
mean business.
b) Innocent lives, threatening the
innocent will achieve its ends.
B.
She
implies
that
if
the
first
speaker
was
one
of
the
victims
of
terrorism,
she
would
want the
government
to give in to the demands so that she
wouldn
?
t die.
【原文】
Margaret:
Governments give in so easily to
hijackers
?
demands. A hijacker only has
to threaten to
blow up a plane or commit some other
outrage, and a government gives in to his
demands.
Valerie:
Naturally. It
?
s the lesser of the two evils. What government would risk
innocent lives just
to
see
if
terrorists
will
really
do
what
they
threaten
to
do?
Terrorists
have
proven
often
enough that they really mean
business.
Margaret:
Yes,
but
if
a
government
doesn
?
t
hold
out
against
this
kind
of
blackmail,
we will
always
have
terrorists.
Governments
are
afraid
to
punish
these
people.
They
almost
always
let
them go free. Start executing
terrorists automatically wherever they land, and
terrorism
will
stop.
Valerie:
And
what
about
the
innocent
lives
that
will
be
lost
in
the
process?
Terrorism
is based on
the
simple idea that threatening the innocent will
achieve its ends.
Margaret:
You
can
?
t
get
rid
of
evil
without
being
prepared
to
face
the
consequences
of
evil.
Valerie: So long as
you
?
re not one of the victims!
Task 3
【答案】
A.
1) thirty-five,
natural light, a small window, hot, airless, very
noisy
2) Mexico
3) ought to,
shouldn
?
t
B.
1)
It
is located
in a
narrow street
with
five-and six-storey
buildings
eight
kilometers from
downtown Los Angeles.
2) This factory makes shirts and
jeans
3) She
?
s already been working for ten hours, but won
?
t stop for another two hours.
4) She
can
?
t complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.
【原文】
Eight kilometers
from downtown
Los Angeles there is a narrow street with five- and
six-storey
buildings.
Inside
one
of
these
buildings
there
is
a
small
factory
making
shirts and
jeans.
The women working in the
factory sit close together, each with a small
table, each
with their own
sewing
machine.
The
women
say
nothing,
and
work
hard.
In
one
of
the
rooms
there
are
thirty-five
women. There is only a little natural
light, and this comes from a small window in
the roof. The
room is
hot, airless, and very noisy. On the left-hand
side of the room there is
a young girl
sitting
next
to
the
wall.
Every
now
and
again
she
closes
her
eyes,
and
her
fingers
stop
working.
She's
already been in
her chair for ten hours, but she'll be here until
the bell rings
—
and that won't be
for another two hours. Her
name is Maria, and she comes from Mexico. She
won't
complain about
her work. She won't say that the
working hours ought to be changed; she won't say
that the
working
conditions shouldn't be permitted.
Task 4
【答案】
A.
Every year the
British government publishes statistics about
social trends. Their
findings
show
definite patterns in the
British way of life.
1) marked
differences
a) one hour more
every day, three hours more every week
b)
1
percent,
cleaning
and
ironing,
keep
household
accounts,
do
repairs
or
improvements
c) 30
percent
2) leisure activities, watching
television, 20 hours a week, going for walks,
Swimming, British
women
B.
Unlike
the
other
couples,
Carla
has
always
kept
her
won
accounts
and
Adrian
has
always
done
his
own
housework.
Neither
of
them
like
watching
television
very
much
and
they
both
like
swimming.
【原文】
When
Adrian
Hutton
and
Carla
Leone
get
married
they
will
move
into
a
new
house
that
they
have
bought. But what sort of life will they have? What
can they expect in modern
Britain?
Every
year
the
British
government
publishes
statistics
about
social
trends.
Their
findings
show definite
patterns in the British way of
life.
In most marriages there
are some marked differences between husbands and
wives.
Working
wives,
for example, sleep (on average) one hour more a
day than working husbands.
Housewives,
on the
other hand, sleep only about three hours more
every week than their working
husbands.
And what
about housework? The government survey showed that
only 1% of men do the
household
chores
—
like cleaning and ironing. But they do usually keep household
accounts and it
is
always
men
who
do
repairs
or
improvements
in
the
house.
30%
of
all
marriages
end
in divorce.
The
government survey also looked at leisure
activities. They found that the two
most
popular leisure
activities in Britain are watching television (the
average family
spends 20 hours a
week
in
front
of
the
TV
set)
and
going
for
walks.
Swimming
is
an
especially
popular
activity
among
British women.
Carla
and
Adrian's
life,
though,
will
probably
be
different
from
the
average
marriage.
In
the
first place Carla has always
kept her own accounts and Adrian has always done
his
own
housework.
Neither of them like watching television very much
and they both like
swimming.
Task 5
【答案】
A.
Topic: How a city
in Japan solve the problem of garbage
disposal.
Supporting
details:
160
million,
every
year,
10
percent,
10
percent,
the
rest,
public
cooperation
1) garbage that can be easily burned,
kitchen and garden trash
2)
electrical appliances, plastic tools, plastic
toys
3) are poisonous, cause
pollution, batteries
4) bottles
and glass containers that can be recycled
5) metal containers that can be
recycled
6) furniture and
bicycled
on
different
days,
on
request,
fertilizer,
to
produce
electricity,
recycled,
cleaned,
repaired, resold
cheaply, give away
B.
1)
The
garbage
will
be
taken
to
a
center
that
looks
like
a
clean
new
office
building
or hospital.
Inside
the center, special equipment is used to sort and
process the garbage.
2) Official
from cities around the world visit Machida to see
whether they can use
some of
these
ideas and techniques to
solve their own garbage disposal problems.
【原文】
Disposing of the
garbage we produce every day is a major problem in
cities around
the world.
In the United States, over 160 million
tons of garbage are produce every year. Ten
percent is
recycled,
ten
percent
is
burned,
and
the
rest
is
put
in
landfills.
But
finding
land
for new
landfills is
becoming more
difficult.
A city that has
solved this problem in an unusual way is Machida,
in Tokyo, Japan.
They
have
developed
a
totally
new
approach
to
garbage
disposal.
The
key
to
the
operation
is public
cooperation. Families must divide their
garbage into six categories:
1.
garbage
that
can
be
easily
burned
(that
is,
combustible
garbage)
such
as
kitchen
and garden
trash
?
;
2.
noncombustible
garbage,
such
as
small
electrical
appliances,
plastic
tools,
and
plastic toys
?
;
3. products that are poisonous or that
cause pollution, such as batteries and
fluorescent
lights
?
;
4.
bottles and glass containers that can be
recycled
?
;
5.
metal containers that can be
recycled
?
;
6.
large items, such as furniture and
bicycles.
The
items
in
categories1
to
5
are
collected
on
different
days.
Large
items
are
only
collected
upon
request.
Then
the
garbage
is
taken
to
a
center
that
looks
like
a
clean
new
office
building or
hospital.
Inside the center, special equipment is used to
sort and process the
garbage.
Almost
everything can be reused:
garden or kitchen trash becomes fertilizer;
combustible
garbage is
burned to produce electrical; metal
containers and bottles are recycled; and old
furniture, clothing,
and
other
useful
items
are
cleaned,
repaired,
and
resold
cheaply
or
given
away.
The
work provides
employment for handicapped person and
gives them a chance to learn new skills.
Nowadays,
officials
from
cities
around
the
world
visit
Machida
to
see
whether
they
can use
some of these
ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage
disposal problems.
Task 6
【答案】
1) They were
talking about Mrs. Carter.
2)
She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come
into the shop at least twice a
week.
3)
She
lived
alone
in
a
large
house
on
an
old
farm---about
three
miles
from
the
shop.
4)
He
was
absolutely
certain,
otherwise
he
would
never
call
the
police.
His
evidence
was
this:
First,
he
saw
her
do
it;
second,
he
found
the
things
in
her
bag;
third,
she
had
done
it before.
5) Because
two young people saw her. The shopkeeper believed
that if they didn
?
t
punish her,
young
people would think that stealing
didn
?
t matter.
6)
The judge thought that it was difficult case from
a humanitarian point of view.
The
excuses her
found for her were:
First, the woman was old and she lived alone---she
was lonely.
Second, she
wasn
?
t
poor---she
was
well-known
for
her
generosity
to
charities
and
she
didn
?
t
need
to steal. Te
items were only worth a pound or two.
Third, she pleaded not guilty and she
didn
?
t
know that
she had done it.
【原文】
Shopkeeper: I
knew Mrs. Carter very well. She was a tall,
handsome woman who used
to come
into
the
shop
at
least
twice
a
week.
She
lived
alone
in
a
large
house
on
an
old
farm
—
about three miles
from here. People ask me if I am certain she did
it. The answer
is yes.
I was absolutely certain, otherwise I
would never have called the police. In the
first
place, I saw her do it. I watched her
put the things into her bag and I watched her
walk
out
of
the
store.
In
the
second
place,
we
found
the
things
in
her
bag,
and
finally,
shehad
done
it
before.
It
wasn't
the
first
time.
I
think
she
was
in
such
a
confused
state
that
she didn
?
t know what she was doing, but two other people say her
—
two young
people.
We
had
to
punish
her,
otherwise
young
people
would
think
that
stealing
didn
?
t
matter.
Judge:
It
was
a
difficult
case
from
a
humanitarian
point
of
view.
The
woman
was
old
and she lived
alone
—
she was lonely. She wasn
?
t poor
—
she was well-known for her generosity
to
charities and she
didn
?
t need to steal. The items were only worth a pound or two.
She
pleaded not guilty and said she
didn
?
t know that she had done it. From the legal
point of
view the case was straightforward. The
woman stole; she was caught and reported.
There
were
witnesses.
She
had
to
be
punished
or
else
no
one
could
be
punished
for
stealing.
Task 7
【答案】
A. not all modern cities are alike;
modern city.
1) a single high-
density center, skyscrapers, motorways, as far as
you can see
2)
the
low-density
multi-center
city,
a
large
collection
of
a
number
of
small
centers,
shopping
centers,
factories, businesses, skyscrapers
B.
1) He thinks that
the second type( the Los Angeles model) is more
sensible.
2) He considers it
highly likely that the kind of city we know now
will completely
disappear.
【原文】
Interviewer:
Would you say then that all modem cities are
pretty much alike?
Urban
Planner: Quite definitely not. There seem to be
two types of modem city. In
type one
there
is
a
single
high-density
centre,
and
that's
where
you'll
find
the
skyscrapers.
This
is
surrounded by motorways. And all around
this centre, low-density suburbs stretch
as far as you can see. This is like
Houston, or Calgary, or Toronto.
Interviewer:
And the second
type?
Urban Planner: The other
type is like Los Angeles
—
the low- density multi-centre
city. As
I'm
sure you know Los Angeles is
really a large collection of a number of
small
centres, each with its
shopping centres, factories, businesses, and
skyscrapers
scattered
everywhere. In a way it's almost one enormous
suburb.
Interviewer: Do you. think one type is
better than the other?
Urban
Planner: I think the Los Angeles model is more
sensible.
Interviewer: And so do
you think Los Angeles is the city of the
future?
Urban Planner: Well, it
is arguable that the next step after Los Angeles
is the
complete
disappearance
of
the
city,
with
no
real
centre,
where
well-designed
forms
of
urban
life-modem factories and office blocks
which are clean and quiet, and beautiful
forms of rural life
—
the trees and parks of suburbs, live side by side.
Interviewer: So are you
saying that the city as we know it will
disappear...
Task 8
【答案】
A.
1)
He
thinks
that
this
country
?
s
problems
all
come
from
inflation,
which
is
the
result
of the
Democrat
?
s careless spending.
2) No, she
doesn
?
t agree with Ned. She believes that the problem is unemployment.
If
the
government cuts spending too
much, people will fall into a vicious circle of
more
unemployment and fewer
taxpayers to share the burden.
3)
She
agrees
with Barbara.
She
believes
that
unemployment
is
a
big
problem,
especially in
the
big industrial cities. And
the government isn
?
t doing very much to help the big
industries out.
4) He believes in the free market
system rather than government regulation or
protection. He
thinks
that without a lot of government interference
everything will be okay.
5) No,
they think it
?
s bad for the weak, the poor and the unprotected/ it
?
s bad for
the
underprivileged.
B.
more and more
money, come from somewhere, higher taxes and
higher prices
【原文】
Ned: ... you
know, I think this
country's problems all come from inflation. That's
the main cause of
our
troubles
right
now.
And
what's
causing
the
inflation?
It's
the
reckless
spending
of the
Democrats! Every year they spend more
and more money, and that money has to come
from somewhere. So we pay it in the
form of higher taxes and higher prices on
the
goods we buy.
Barbara: Well, I'm not sure that I
agree with you. It seems to me that inflation
is only one of our
problems.
What
about
unemployment?
If
people
don't
have
jobs
because
the
government
cuts spending too much, they can't buy
things; and then you have a vicious circle
of
more unemployment and fewer taxpayers
to share the burden.
Ellen: You
know, I think Barbara may have something there.
Unemployment is a big
problem,
especially
in
the
big
industrial
cities.
The
auto
industry
is
fighting
for
its
life
right now,
and the
government isn't doing very much to help
it.
Ned:
Well,
it's
true
that
the
auto
industry
is
in
a
mess,
but
I
don't
think
the
answer
is in
government
regulation
or
protection.
I
believe
in
the
free
market
system
—
let
the
system
work
without
a
lot
of
government
interference,
and
everything
will
be
okay.
Ellen:
So
the
strong
will
win,
and
the
weak
will
be
defeated.
Is
that
what
you
mean?
Ned:
Well, that's the way it goes. The survival of the
fittest.
Barbara: And too bad
about the weak, the poor, the
unprotected...
Ned:
Now
you're
getting
emotional.
You
have
to
remain
objective
about
these
things.
Let me
give you an example of what I'm talking
about...
Task 9
【答案】
A.
1) The problem is whether or not the
inner city
—
the core of most urban areas
—
will manage
to
survive at all.
2) They moved to the suburbs in search
of fresh air, elbow room, and privacy.
3)
As
a
result,
suburbs
began
to
sprawl
out
across
the
countryside.
Many
cities
began
to fall into
disrepair. And many downtown areas
existed for business only.
4)
The
result
was
that
urban
centers
declined
even
further
and
the
suburbs
expanded
still
more.
5) Because from the
decision of the Taylors and many other young
couples, we can
see that some
people may be tired of spending long
hours commuting, and they may have begun to
miss the
advantages
of culture and companionship provided by city
life.
B.
1) F
2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) T
C.
1) middle-class,
tax money, neighborhoods
2)
Crime, public transportation
3)
housing construction costs, was allowed to,
constructed
【原文】
A
few
years
ago,
Ann
and
Walter
Taylor
thought
it
might
be
time
to
move
out
of
their
New
York
City
apartment
to
the
suburbs.
They
had
one
young
son
and
another
child
on
the
way. But
after
months
of
looking,
they
became
discourage
and
decided
to
buy
an
old
townhouse
right in
the
middle of Brooklyn, which is
a part of New York City. To their delight, they
discovered that they
weren
?
t the only young couple to have made such a decision. In fact, their entire
area in Brooklyn
had been settled by young families. And
as a result, the neighborhood, which had
been declining
for
years, was now being restored.
Brooklyn
isn
?
t
the
only
city
in
the
United
States
to
experience
this
kind
of
renewal.
So are
Philadelphia and . And Charleston,
South Carolina, has so successfully
rebuilt its old
central
area
that
it
now
ranks
as
one
of
America
?
s
most
charming
cities.
The
restoration of the old
port
city
of
Savannah,
Georgia,
is
also
living
proof
that
downtown
areas
do
not
need
to die.
But encouraging as these developments
may be, they are among the few bright spots
in a mass of
difficulties that today
?
s cities face. Indeed, their woes are so many that it is
fair to ask whether or
not the inner city the core of most
urban areas will manage to survive at all.
In the 1940s, urban Americans began a
mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh
air, elbow
room, and
privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the
countryside. Since most
of those
making
the
move
were
middle-class,
they
took
with
them
the
tax
money
the
cities
needed
to
maintain the neighborhoods in which
they had lived. The people left in the cities
were often those
who
were
too
old
or
too
poor
to
move.
Thus,
many
cities
began
to
fall
into
disrepair.
Crime began
to soar, and public transportation was
neglected.( In the past sixty years San
Francisco is the only
city in
the United States to have completed a new mass transit system.)
Meanwhile,
housing
construction costs continued to rise
higher and higher. Middle-class housing was
allowed to decay,
and
little new housing was constructed.
Eventually,
many
downtown
areas
existed
for
business
only.
During
the
day
they
would
be
filled with people
working in offices, and at night they would be
deserted. Given
these
circumstances, some business executives
began asking, “Why
bother with going
downtown at
all?
Why not move the offices to
the suburbs so that we can live and work in the
same
area?”
Gradually, some of the larger companies
began moving out of the cities, with the
result that urban
centers declined even further and the
suburbs expanded still more. This movement
of business to
the
suburbs
is not confined to the United
States. Businesses have also been moving
to the suburbs
in
Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in
Brussels, Belgium, as well.
But
it
may
well
be
that
this
movement
to
the
suburbs
has
reached
its
peak.
Some
people
may
be
tired of spending long hours commuting, and they
may have begun to miss the
advantages
of
culture and companionship
provided by city life. Perhaps the decision made
by the
Taylors is a
sign that people will return to the
cities and begin to restore them. It begins to
look as if suburban
sprawl may not have been the answer to
man
?
s need to create an ideal environment
in which to
live and work.
Task
10
【答案】
A.
1) 54, 20, 1980,
?70,000.
2) 30, 1980
3) a newspaper article, to research the
market
4) another few months, in
April 1981, a 1,500 sq ft
5)
third, Canada, America, 20 percent, ?1
million
6) 20, 70, 3
B.
1) F 2) T 3) F 4)F
5)T
C.
1)
He
was
deeply
involved
in
the
present
job
and
rather
enjoyed
himself.
He
thought
the shop was
his own
little baby and thought it was fun to serve behind
the counter. However,
he also
thought
that
there
was
a
lot
more
hard
work
than
he
was
used
to;
he
was
working
over
the
weekend
doing
his
books.
He
called
his
old
job
“boring
trips
to
Manchester
to
sell
vast
quantities of
PVC”.
2) He thought that there
are far more job satisfaction; and believed that
he was
making money,
rather than making money
for other people.
3)
He
was
about
to
diversify
into
commercial
distribution
of
imported
and
domestically produced
wine and wines he
?
s produced himself.
【原文】
William
Rudd,
54,
worked
for
ICI
petrochemicals
for
20
years
until
1980
when
he
took
early
retirement with &70,000. He opened his
own delicatessen and butcher's shop in
Kensington and
has
just bought a second London shop.
I knew about a year before I left that
I was going to go, so I looked around for
office jobs. I
had
one
of
those
frustrating
periods
where
I
nearly
got
some
jobs
but
then
I
didn't.
Actually it was
a
dinner
party
conversation
which
got
me
into
the
shop.
A
woman
I
knew
said
she
was
going
to
open
a
delicatessen
and
thought
it
sounded
fun.
So
!
said,
I'll
come
in
with
you.
always
thought
retailing
would
be
amusing,
after
a
lifetime
of
industrial
selling.
We
found
that
the
lease
of
the
building
stipulated
we
had
to
keep
it
as
a
butcher's
and I added
fish and
cheese and things like that. I ended up spending
far more than I'd ever
intended.
I didn't really do much research,
except for fish, about which I knew nothing. I
was clearly
going to
be the person standing behind the counter
filleting, so I talked to one
person
who showed
me a little, supplied
me, and kept me under his wing for a little while.
But it's
quite easy to learn
about fish; once you get used to
gutting salmon you're on your way. Meat is more
difficult; the
skill
is
in
the
butchery,
so
I
employ
people
for
that.
I
had
to
learn
about
equipment
by trial and
error.
I started in
July
—
the worst time of the year for a shop like this
—
and the
overdraft kept
going
up. That was rather frightening because there was
no one between me and the
bank
manager.
My reaction early on
was that it was bound to come right. At the same
time I was
deeply involved
and
rather
enjoying
myself.
It
was
my
own
little
baby
and
it
was
fun
to
serve
behind
the
counter
—
completely
different
from
boring
trips
to
Manchester
to
sell
vast
quantities
of
PVC. There was
a lot more hard
work than I was used to; I was working over the
weekend doing my
books.
I remember my accountant saying to me
when I was starting up,
to do
for mental stimulation?
sheer
terror of losing
money: I
couldn't have conceived of doing this 20 years
ago. It was a great leap
in the dark. I
don't
know if I'm brave or
foolish, or a bit of both I suppose. But I do know
that if I'd
listened to anyone
I would never have done it.
Les
Shield,
30,
a
boiler
technician,
was
made
redundant
from
British
Steel
at
Consett
in 1980.
145'th Mike Heywood, a Consett
transport manager made redundant at the same time,
he started
British
Brewing Products, manufacturing beer kits and now
diversifi2ing into wine
production.
I read a
newspaper article about a company which had done
quite well in home brew,
and I
started
to
research
the
market
18
months
before
the
closure
at
Consett.
By
the
time
the steelworks
were
due
to
close
I
had
a
business
plan
ready.
We
bought
some
products
which
we
had
made for
us
and
went
out
into
the
wilds
of
Yorkshire
and
Lancashire
and
sold
them
as
a
test.
It took two
months
before
we
got
any
repeat
business
and
that
was
a
nail-biting
period.
It
took
another
few
months to fend premises and
to get financial assistance from BSC industry and
the
bank. We went
into production in April 1981
manufacturing home-brewing kits in a 1,500 sq ft
factory.
Let's
face
it,
in
this
area,
there
wasn't
a
lot
of
choice.
You
could
sit
and
vegetate
and spend
your
redundancy money, you could move away and find new
employment, or you could
use
your
redundancy money to sink or
swim.
We're
swimming.
We're
actually
doing
very
well.
I
like
being
self-employed;
there's
far more
job
satisfaction.
You
know
that
at
the
end
of
the
day
you're
getting
the
full
value,
personally, of the
work you do. That's what you're in
business for
—
to make money, rather than make
money for
other people. It was obviously a strain
when I spent 5 days a week training, but
after 18 months,
we were able to afford our
first salesman.
I
think
my
wife
was
happy
for
me
to
do
what
I've
done.
She
accepted
that
there
would
be a
certain amount of stress during the
early days, but she probably realized that if
I was successful
the
rewards would be there at the end of the
day.
We're now in our third
factory since we started. We export our products
to the
Republic of
Ireland, Canada and America; exports
account for 20 percent of production. Our
turnover will
exceed
&1 million for the first time this year.
We're
about
to
diversify
into
commercial
distribution
of
imported
and
domestically
produced
wine
and
wines
we're
producing
ourselves.
We
employ
20
people
at
the
moment
but
that
will rise
to 70 in
the next 3 months.
Task
11
【原文】
I
could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran
onto the platform and up to
the
train.
Luckily someone saw me
coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the
train was
moving
out
of
the
station.
“Phew!”
I
thought.
“That
was
hard
work!”
I
was
sure
the
other
passengers
could hear my heart beating; it was so
loud, and I was in a cold sweat.
After
a
while,
I
recovered,
and
had
a
look
at
the
other
passengers.
The
compartment
was full,
but I was
the only one standing. The people in the carriage
turned their eyes away
as they
noticed
me
looking
at
them;
all
except
one,
a
beautiful
woman
sitting
in
the
corner.
I saw her
watching
me
in
the
mirror.
Automatically,
I
adjusted
my
tie.
She
had
seen
me
running
for the
train: maybe
this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say
hello.
She spoke first,
however. “Would you like my seat?” she asked.
“You look rather
ill.”
That
was the day on which I
realized I was getting middle-aged.
Unit 4
Task 1
【答案】
1) They were
orphans and had nobody to support them.
2)
Each
boy
was
given
only
one
bowl
of
gruel
for
supper
and
no
more
—
far
from
enough.
3)
They
boys
were
so
hungry
that
they
could
not
bear
it
any
more.
They
decided
that
tone of them
must ask the
master for more gruel. Olive Twist was chosen by
casting lots.
4) He never
thought that any boy would dare to ask for more
food than the given
portion.
Therefore, he was both surprised and
angry on hearing Oliver
?
s request.
5) He was struck on the
head by the master and pushed out of the room. And
for a
week Olive
remained prisoner in the cellar.
【原文】
Oliver Twist had
no parents and lived in the workhouse.
The
room
in
which
the
boys
had
their
food
was
a
large
stone
hall.
Each
boy
was
given
one
bowl of gruel and no more. The bowls
never needed washing. The boys polished them
with their
spoons.
But still the boys were hungry.
Oliver
Twist and
the other boys
suffered
from
slow starvation for three
months. At
last they
got so wild
with hunger that one of the boys, who was tall for
his age, said:
hungry
eyes and the boys believed him. The
boys gathered and thought of a plan.
of
us
must
walk
up
to
the
master
at
supper
this
evening
and
ask
for
more
gruel,
said
one boy.
master and
ask for more.
So they
cast lots. The lot fell to Oliver Twist. He had to
go up to the master and
ask for
more
gruel.
The evening came. The boys took their
places and quickly ate up their gruel. Then
they
looked at
Oliver. He rose from his place, bowl and spoon in
hand, went up to the
master and
said,
pale.
Oliver repeated:
The master struck Oliver on the
head and pushed him out of the room.
For a week Oliver remained a prisoner
in the cellar.
Task 2
【答案】
A. 1) F 2) F 3)
T
B.
1) d 2)
b
【原文】
Mark
Twain
was
a
famous
American
writer.
There
were
many
stories
about
him.
One
day
Mark
Twain was
fishing. A stranger came along.
I'm
the
game
warden
of
this
county,
said
the
stranger.
is
not
allowed
here.
Mark Twain paused a minute. Then he
asked:
Task 3
【答案】
A.
Name: Lewis
Carroll
Occupation: mathematics;
Oxford University
Literary
works: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland;
1865;
Through the Looking-Glass;
1871
B.
These
stories are about a dream world in which Alice
meets strange creatures and
has
interesting
adventures.
【原文】
Which would you
rather be? A mathematician or a writer? Perhaps
you will never be
faced
with this kind of choice. Lewis Carroll
was both a mathematician and a writer. He
was a lecturer
in
mathematics at Oxford University. But he is better
known as the author of two
of the
most
famous
children
?
s
books
that
have
ever
been
written:
Alice’s
Adventures
in
Wonderland
and
Through
the
Looking-Glass.
The
author
?
s
real
name
was
Charles
Lutwidge
Dodgson,
but
he
preferred to use
the pen-
name “Lewis Carroll” when he wrote Alice’s Adventures
in Wonderland
and this is the name we remember him
by.
Alice’s
Adventures
in
Wonderland
was
published
in
1865,
when
its
author
was
33
years
old; it
was followed by Through the Looking-
Glass in 1871. Both books were written for a
real girl
called
Alice,
but
they
have
been
read
by
millions
of
children
since
they
were
first
published.
These
stories are about a dream
world in which Alice meets strange creatures and
has
interesting
adventures . I
?
m sure you know this already, but if you don
?
t, you had better read
the stories
yourselves.
Task
4
【答案】
the
Greeks, closed the gates of the city and stayed
behind the walls, the Greeks,
a huge
wooden
horse, hide inside it,
the horse, they stopped, hid their ships, Greek
prisoner,
the horse, The Greek
soldiers, the wooden horse
【原文】
Many, many years
ago there was a war between the Greeks and the
Trojans. The Greek
ships
sailed up to the city of Troy. When the
Trojans saw the Greek ships, they closed
the gates of their
city
and
stayed
behind
the
walls.
The
Greeks
attacked
the
city
many
times,
but
could
not take it.
Then one of the Greeks thought of a
plan. The Greeks made a big wooden horse and
had some
soldiers
hide inside the horse. In the morning the Greeks
burned their camps and
sailed
away.
Only the big wooden horse
remained in front of the city gate.
But
the
Greek
ships
did
not
sail
far.
The
Greeks
stopped
at
a
place
near
Troy,
where
the
Trojans
could
not
see
them,
and
hid
their
ships.
At
first
the
Trojans
wanted
to
burn
the
wooden
horse,
but
a
Greek
prisoner
said,
bum
the
horse.
Bring
it
into
Troy.
It
will
help you.
The
horse
was
very
big,
and
the
Trojans
could
not
bring
it
in
through
the
gate.
They
had to
make
a
hole
in
the
wall.
Then
they
brought
the
wooden
horse
into
the
city.
The
next
day was a
holiday
in
Troy.
At
night
all
the
Trojan
soldiers
fell
asleep
after
a
heavy
festive
drinking.
The
Greek
ships
came
back
to
Troy
in
the
night.
When
everything
was
quiet,
the
Greek
soldiers
came out of the wooden horse and opened the gates
of the city. The Greek
army came
into
the
city, killed many Trojans and took the
city.
Task 5
【答案】
A.
1) c 2) a
B.
1)
All
the
animals
thought
that
he
was
the
king
of
beasts.
Actually
he
was
a
coward.
He was afraid
of human beings and other big animals.
He roared only to scare them away and never
really hurt
them.
2)
Dorothy
and
her
dog
wanted
to
get
back
to
Kansas.
The
Scarecrow
wanted
some
brains
and the
Tinman wanted a heart. The Lion wanted
to have courage.
【原文】
The following story has been taken from
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz written by L.
Frank
Baum in 1900.
The book is a modern fairy tale and is one of the
great favorites of
American
children.
One day a
tornado carried away Dorothy and her dog Toto from
their home in Kansa
sand
landed them in the wonderful land of
Oz. Here they made friends with two strange
fellows, a
scarecrow
and a tin man. The four were now on their way to
the Emerald City where
the Great
Oz
lived.
Just
as the Tinman spoke there came from the forest a
terrible roar, and the next
moment
a
great Lion rushed into the
road. With one blow of his paw he knocked the
Scarecrow
to the edge
of the road, and then he hit the Tinman
with his sharp claws. But, to the Lion's
surprise, he could
make no mark on the tin, though the
Tinman fell over in the road and lay still.
Little Toto, now that he had an enemy
to face, ran barking towards the Lion. The
great beast
had
opened
his
mouth
to
bite
the
dog.
Dorothy
feared
that
Toto
would
be
killed.
She
forgot all
danger
and
rushed
forward.
She
slapped
the
Lion
upon
his
nose
as
hard
as
she
could,
and cried
out:
a poor little
dog!
didn't
bite
him,
said
the
Lion,
as
he
rubbed
his
nose
with
his
paw
where
Dorothy
had
hit
it.
know,
said
the
Lion,
and
he
hung
his
head
in
shame.
always
known
it.
But
how can I
help it?
don't
know,
I'm
sure.
But
how
can
you
hit
a
stuffed
man
like
the
poor
Scarecrow?
he
stuffed?
asked
the
Lion,
in
surprise,
as
he
watched
her
pick
up
the
Scarecrow
and set
him upon his
feet, while she patted him into shape
again.
see him turn
around so. Is the other one stuffed
also?
made a cold
shiver min down my back. What is that
little animal you are so kind to?
the
girl.
thinks
of
biting
such
a
small,
little
thing
except
a
coward
like
me,
continued
the
Lion
sadly.
for
he
was as big as a small
horse.
don't
know,
replied
the
Lion.
suppose
I
was
born
that
way.
All
the
other
animals
in the
forest expect
me to be brave, for the Lion is everywhere thought
to be the King of
Beasts. I
learned that if I roared very loudly
every living thing was afraid and got out of
my way. Whenever
I've
met
a man I've been very much frightened; but I
just roared
at him, and
he has
always
min
away
as
fast
as
he
could
go.
If
the
elephants,
tigers
and
bears
ever
tried
to
fight
me,
I would run
away
—
I'm such a coward; but just as soon as they hear me roar, they all try to
get away from
me,
and of course I let them
go.
that
isn't
right.
The
King
of
Beasts
shouldn't
be
a
coward,
said
the
Scarecrow.
tail.
great sorrow, and it makes
my life very unhappy. But whenever there is
danger, my
heart begins to
beat fast.
a heart.
For
my part, I have no heart; so
I can't have heart disease.
head is stuffed with straw.
if
you
don't
mind,
I'll
go
with
you,
said
the
Lion,
life
is
hard
without
courage.
other
wild
beasts.
I
think
they
must
be
more
cowardly
than
you
if
they
allow
you
to
scare
them so
easily.
really
are,
said
the
Lion,
that
doesn't
make
me
any
braver,
and
as
long
as I know
myself to be a coward I shall be
unhappy.
So
once
more
the
little
company
set
off
upon
the
journey.
The
Lion
walked
at
Dorothy's
side.
Toto did not
like the Lion at first, because he could not
forget how nearly he had
been
crushed
between the Lion's great
jaws; but after a time he became more at ease, and
before
long Toro and
the Cowardly Lion became good
friends.
Task 6
【答案】
A.
1) Civil War
2)
first, equality
3) battlefields,
bloodiest
4) ordinary
B.
1) d 2) c
【原文】
Walt Whitman is often called the poet
of American democracy. He lived during the
American
Civil War,
and he admired President Abraham Lincoln very
much.
Whitman
was
the
first
American
poet
who
wrote
about
tree
equality
among
all
people.
In a
poem called
no
difference.
He wrote:
In the same poem
Whitman spoke up for women. He wrote:
He also
wrote:
greatest
men and women.
Whitman
understood
war
and
the
results
of
war.
He
worked
in
a
hospital,
taking
care
of
wounded men. In a description of
northern soldiers who had returned from prisons
in the south he
wrote:
sight
is
worse
than
any
sight
of
battlefields
or
any
collection
of
wounded,
even the
bloodiest.
Whitman
was
the
first
important
American
poet
to
write
about
ordinary
people,
using
ordinary language.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
1) A red, red rose
that
?
s newly spring in June and the melody that
?
s sweetly played
in tune.
2) He will
love her till all the seas are dried and the rocks
melt in the sun. his
love will last as
long
as the sands of life
run(there is life on earth).
3)
Yes, he is, and he will come back no matter how
far it is.
B.
June---tune I---dry sun---run while
---mile
【原文】
O, my love is like a red, red
rose,
That is newly sprung in
June.
O, my love is like the
melody,
That is sweetly played
in tune.
As fair are you, my
lovely lass,
So deep in love am I,
And I will love you still, my
Dear,
Till all the seas go
dry.
Till all the seas go dry,
my Dear,
And the rocks melt with
the sun!
O I will love you
still, my Dear,
While the sands
of life shall run.
And fare you
well, my only Love,
And fare you
well a while!
And I will come
again, my Love,
Although it were
ten thousand mile!
Task 8
【答案】
1) Tall stories,
that is, unlikely ones.
2)
Because he wanted to be a member of a certain
club.
3) He went there because
he was told that a lion came there each evening to
drink
water.
4)
Sixteen times.
5) He killed
sixteen lions.
【原文】
A famous French writer who wrote many
books about England and the English people
once
wrote
about
the
Englishman's
fondness
for
improbable
or
tall
stories.
In
one
of
his
books
about the
First World War, an
English priest tells the following story:
He had wanted to become a member of a
certain club in Africa. In order to become
a
member, each person
had to shoot at least one lion. The priest had
never shot an
animal in his
life.
So, armed with a rifle and
accompanied by a young African boy, the priest set
out
one evening for
a
pool in the jungle
where he was told a
lion came each evening to drink. He
waited
patiently for a
few
hours
until
shortly
before
midnight
when
he
heard
a
rustling
noise.
Sure
enough
a few yards
away
the
head
of
a
lion
appeared
above
a
bush
that
separated
the
priest
and
the
pool.
He aimed
and
fired.
The
head
of
the
lion
immediately
fell
behind
the
bush
but
a
moment
later
reappeared.
So
the priest aimed and fired
again. The head of the lion immediately fell
behind the
bush but a
moment
later
reappeared.
The
priest
fired
again:
the
same
result.
He
remained
calm
because he
knew
he
had
brought
sixteen
bullets
with
him.
After
his
fourth
attempt
his
aim
seemed
to become
more and
more inaccurate. In fact, after his fifteenth
attempt the African boy had
to
warn him,
The priest then realized how serious the situation
was, so he took a deep breath,
aimed
very carefully
and fired. They waited a moment, then slowly
counted up to twenty:
the head of
the
lion did not reappear. The
priest was certain that at last he had shot his
lion.
They rushed forward
together
to
the
spot
behind
the
bush.
And
what
do
you
think
they
found?
Sixteen
lions.
Task 9
【答案】
I. a young prince who lived on
land
A. rose to the surface of
the sea and waited for the prince to come to
her
B. never came
II. a witch
A.
changed her fish
?
s tail into a pair of human legs
B. she gave the
witch her tongue
III. the
prince
?
s palace
A.
her feet hurt terribly
B.
didn
?
t love her
Ⅳ
. a young princess
A. drive back into the sea
B. a spirit of the air and lived
forever
【原文】
Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark.
In Copenhagen harbor, you can see a statue
of the
Little
Mermaid. I wonder if you know her story. It's a
sad one.
That Little Mermaid
fell in love with a young prince who lived on the
land. Every
night she
used to rise up to the surface of the
sea and sit staring at his palace, waiting
for him to come to her.
But he never came.
Finally
she
visited
a
witch.
The
witch
changed
her
fish's
tail
into
a
pair
of
human
legs so
that she could go and live on land. But
in return, the Little Mermaid had to give
her tongue to the
witch, so that she could never sing or
speak again. She loved the prince so much
that she gave it
happily.
She went and
lived in the prince's palace, and every night, she
danced for him,
although her
strange
new
feet
caused
her
terrible
pain.
But
she
didn't
mind
the
pain.
She
waited
and waited for
the
prince to fall in love with her.
But, although the prince liked the
Little Mermaid very much, he didn't love her.
He fell in
love
with
a
young
princess
and
they
got
married.
On
their
wedding
night,
the
Little
Mermaid sadly
dived
back into the sea. She had no tail now, only legs,
and she thought that she
would die.
She
didn't die, though. Because
of her kind heart, she became a spirit of the air
and
lived forever.
Task 10
【答案】
A.
1) b 2) c 3) b 4)
a 5) a
B.
No.
1[e] No. 2 [b] No. 3 [a] No.4 [d] No.5 [c]
【原文】
1)
A
wolf
thought
that
by
disguising
himself
as
a
sheep
he
could
get
enough
to
eat.
So he put on a
sheepskin
and
joined
the
flock
without
being
discovered.
At
sunset
the
shepherd
shut
him with the
sheep in the fold. Then he felt hungry,
so he picked up his knife and killed one
of the sheep for his
supper. But it was the wolf that he
killed.
2) A bird in a cage at a
window used to sing during the night. A bat which
heard
her came up
and
asked why she never sang by day, but only by
night. She explained that there
was a
good
reason: she was caught
while she was singing in the daytime, and this had
taught
her a lesson.
3)
Monkeys
are
said
to
have
a
strange
habit.
When
twins
are
born
to
them,
the
mother
will
take
care
of
only
one
of
the
twins.
She
will
hold
it
tightly
to
her
breast
and
neglect
the other. But
the
one
taken
care
of
will
die
because
it
cannot
breathe
freely,
while
the
neglected
one will grow
up
strong and healthy.
4) A
gnat alighted on a
bull's horn.
After it had stayed
there a
long time and felt
like
moving
on,
it
asked
the
bull
if
he
would
like
it
to
go
now.
didn't
notice
when
you
came,
replied the
bull,
5) A
reed and an olive tree were quarrelling one day.
They wanted to see which one
was
the
stronger.
Finally
the
olive
tree
said
to
the
reed,
are
weak.
You
are
easily
bent by the
wind.
But
the
reed
did
not
say
a
word.
Before
long
a
storm
arose.
The
reed
was
tossed
about
and
bent by the winds, but it
was not hurt. The olive tree stood bravely against
the
storm and was
broken by its force.
Task 11
【答案】
I.
A. struck a rock
and began to break up.
B. sank
too
C. had survived
II.
A. he was tied
very firmly by a large number of fine
ropes.
B. about forty little men
shot at him with their arrows, which hurt like
needles.
C. the little men gave
him all the bread, meat and wine they had.
III.
was
seven
feet
by
three
feet,
equipped
with
twenty-two
wheels
and
pulled
by
fifteen
hundred little
horses
【原文】
Gulliver
was
travelling
by
ship.
The
ship
struck
a
rock
and
began
to
break
up.
Some
of the
sailors
and
Gulliver
got
away
in
a
boat,
but
that
sank
too.
In
the
end
Gulliver
was
the only
person
who
survived-who
didn't
drown.
He
kept
on
swimming,
and
just
managed
to
reach
land.
By that
time
it
was
already
evening.
Gulliver
kept
on
walking,
but
by
then
he
was
so
exhausted
that he lay
down on the grass, and fell sound
asleep.
He slept until the
following morning. When he woke up, he could not
move. His arms
and
legs were tied to the ground, very
firmly, and so was his hair. There were a large
number of very
fine,
thin
ropes
across
his
body,
he
discovered,
and
these
prevented
him
from
moving.
Gulliver could just manage to look down
his body
—
that
was
all
he could do
—
and
there
he saw,
advancing up his body, about forty little men.
These little men were only
about six
inches
high.
They
were
dressed
as
soldiers,
and
each
one
carried
a
bow
and
arrow.
Gulliver
shouted
out,
and when he did this, all
the soldiers ran away, though they gradually came
back
again.
Gulliver
decided to try to escape. He managed to break some
of the ropes, and he
was also
able
to
free
his
head.
But
when
he
began
to
move,
the
soldiers
shot
at
him
with
their
arrows.
These
arrows
were
small
but
sharp
like
needles,
and
they
hurt
Gulliver.
He
decided
to
keep
still and
when he did so, the soldiers stopped
shooting at him with their arrows.
By this time Gulliver was feeling very
hungry, so he put his finger to his mouth,
to show the
little
people
that
he
needed
food.
They
understood
this,
and
they
brought
him
bread
and
meat.
Gulliver ate all the bread
and meat, and then indicated that he was thirsty.
Again
he was
understood, and the people brought him
wine. In fact Gulliver drank all the wine
that was
available
—
all they had.
After that one of the king's officers
came up to Gulliver. He spoke to him, and
indicated that
he had
to go to the city, to the capital of the island.
This was what the king had
ordered.
Guliver
asked to be set free,
but the officer refused. Gulliver again thought of
trying to
escape, but he
remembered those arrows which the
soldiers had shot at him, and he decided to do
nothing. In any
case
he soon fell asleep, because of all the wine he
had drunk.
While he was asleep,
the people on the island made arrangements
—
got everything
ready
—
to take Gulliver to the
capital. They managed to get him on a cart which
they had
built specially to
take him to the city. It was seven feet
long, and three feet wide, and it had
twenty-two wheels in
all.
It
took
about
three
hours
to
get
Gulliver
on
the
cart,
and
fifteen
hundred
horses
to pull the cart
to the city.
Task
12
Aesop was a very clever man
who lived in Greece thousands of years ago. He
wrote
many
good
fables. He was known to be fond of jokes. One day,
as he was enjoying a walk
he met
a
traveler, who greeted him and
said, “Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall
get to town?”
“Go,”
Aesop answered.
“I
know
I
must
go”,
said
the
traveler,
“but
I
should
Like
you
to
tel
l
me
how
soon
I
shall get
to town.”
“Go,” Aesop said again angrily.
“This man must be mad,” the traveler
thought and went on.
After he
had gone some distance, Aesop shouted after him,
“You will get to town
in two
hours.” The traveler turned around in
astonishment. “Why didn
?
t you tell me that
before?” he
asked.
“How
could
I
have
told
you
before?”
answered
Aesop.
“I
did
not
know
how
fast
you
could
walk.
Unit 5
Task 1
【答案】
A.
1) People
?
s ideas on permanent education.
2)
One
is
an
ordinary
“man
in
the
street”.
The
other
is
an
educational
psychologist.
3) The
first person thinks this idea of permanent
education is crazy. He can
?
t
understand people
who
want to spend all their lives in school. The
second person thinks the idea of
permanent
education
is practical because people are never really too
old to go on learning.
B.
1) was; hated; stand; got out 2) all
their lives 3) certain limits; age limits
【原文】
Two people are
interviewed about their ideas on
education.
One is an ordinary
in the
street
The man in the
street:
When I was at school, I
hated it. I couldn't stand it. I wasn't happy
until I got
out. I think this
idea of permanent education is crazy. I
know some people go back to school when
they're older,
go
to
language
classes
at
the
local
and
all
that,
but
I
can't
understand
people
who want to
spend all
their lives in school.
The
educational psychologist:
The
idea of permanent
education is practical
because we're never
really
too old
to
go on
learning. Of course, there are certain
limits, but they aren't age limits. For
example, let's say a man
past sixty tries to learn how to play
football. It's foolish for him to do that,
but only because his
body is too old, not his
mind!
Task 2
【答案】
A.
Age Schooling
Four
Nursery School
Five The
Infants
?
School
Seven The Junior School
B.
1) He stayed there
for a year.
2)
He
has
faint,
but
very
pleasant
memories
of
it.
He
had
fun
and
played
games---
including
story-telling,
drawing, singing and dancing.
3)
He began t have more formal lessons and even worry
about exams.
4)
The
exam
was
called
the
“Eleven
Plus”.
Students
took
the
exam
to
see
what
kind
of
secondary
school they would get
into.
【原文】
John is talking to Martin about his
primary schooling.
Martin: Did
you go to a state primary school?
John: Yes, I did. I went to a nursery
school first, at the age of four, but this
was purely voluntary.
There was a good kindergarten in our
neighbourhood so my parents decided to send
me
there for a
year.
Martin: Can you still
remember it?
John:
Yes,
I
have
faint,
but
very
pleasant
memories
of
it.
It
was
a
delightful
place,
full of
fun and
games. As in most
nursery schools, work
—
if you can call it that
—
consisted of
storytelling, drawing, singing and
dancing.
Martin: You probably
don't remember but you must have missed it when
you left
—
you
know,
when you went to the
Infants' School at the age of five.
John:
I
suppose
I
must
have,
but
you
know,
right
up
to
the
age
of
seven,
school
life
was
very
pleasant. It was only later
in the Junior School that we began to have more
formal
lessons
and
even worry about exams.
Martin:
Really? Did you have to do exams at that
age?
John: Yes, we used to then.
We had to take an exam at the age of eleven called
the
to
see
what
kind
of
Secondary
school
we
would
get
into.
But
this
exam
has
disappeared
nowadays.
Task
3
【答案】
A.
1) compulsory; the ages of 5 and 16;
state-funded; independent
2)
available; at a nursery school; in the nursery
class at a primary school
3)
preparatory; primary; aged 5 to 13
4) enter the state education system; at
the age of 5; secondary school
5) 7, 11, 13 or 16; gain admission at
11 or 13; the Common Entrance Examination
6)
one
further
year;
Advanced
Supplementary
Examinations;
Advanced
Level
Examinations
7)
classroom; laboratory; work independently;
undertake research for projects
8) vocational; conventional
9) secondary education; with A-levels;
further; higher
B.
1) GCSE stand for the General
Certificate of Secondary Education. It is normally
take at the age
of
sixteen.
2) Students usually
study form 8 to 12 subjects over two years.
3) Some subjects take account of the
work students do throughout the year, while
others are
assessed
entirely by examination.
【原文】
Education
in
the
United
Kingdom
is
compulsory
for
everyone
between
the
ages
of
five
and
sixteen,
and
is
provided
by
two
kinds
of
schools:
state-funded
schools
and
independent
(fee-
charging) schools.
Children
education
Pre-school
or
pre-preparatory
education:
pre-school
education
is
available
in
both
the
independent and
the state systems. Many children start their
education at the age
of three or four
at
a nursery school or in the
nursery class at a primary school.
Preparatory
education:
in
the
independent
system,
preparatory
(or
primary)
education is
available for children aged 5 to
13.
Primary education: most
children in the United Kingdom enter the state
education
system
when
they go to primary school at the age of five and
generally move to secondary
school
or
college at the age of
11.
Secondary education
(including the General Certificate of Secondary
Education and
equivalents)
Most
pupils enter independent boarding schools at the
age of 7, 11, 13 or 16. To
gain
admission
at
11
or
13,
some
pupils
sit
an
exam
called
the
Common
Entrance
Examination.
At
16,
they enter the school to
study in its sixth form (for A-levels and
equivalent
qualifications).
All UK secondary schools, both state
and independent, teach pupils at least until
the age of
sixteen
and
prepare
them
for
the
General
Certificate
of
Secondary
Education
(GCSE)
or
equivalent
qualifications.
Significant
numbers
of
international
students
enter
the
UK secondary
education system when they are either
eleven or thirteen. Many attend independent
boarding
schools.
GCSEs in
vocational subjects are normally taken
at the age of
16. Following these,
students
can do one
further year of academic study before taking
Advanced Supplementary
examinations
(AS-
levels).
Alternatively, there
are career-based qualifications, such as General
National
Vocational
Qualifications
(GNVQs)
or
vocational
A-levels,
which
can
be
taken
after
one
or
two
years
of study.
All these courses give
access to university or further study.
Students
usually
study
from
8
to
12
GCSE
subjects
over
two
years.
Most
students
study
a
core
of statutory subjects and choose additional
subjects from a list.
On any
GCSE course, you
receive formal tuition in the classroom and laboratory
but
are also
encouraged
to
work
independently
and
undertake
research
for
projects,
often
outside
school hours.
Educational visits, either on your own
or as part of a small group, are often part
of the timetable.
Some
subjects
take
account
of
the
work
you
do
throughout
the
year,
while
others
are
assessed
entirely by
examination. Examinations are independently marked
and graded. GCSE
grades range
from A (the highest) to G.
New GCSEs in vocational subjects are a
career-based version of the GCSE. Eight
subjects
are
available: Art and Design, Business, Engineering,
Health and Social Care,
Information
and
Communications Technology
(ICT), Leisure and Tourism, Manufacturing, and
Science.
One
vocational
GCSE
is
equivalent
to
two
conventional
GCSEs.
As
with
other
GCSEs,
grades
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