首尔大学校友-秋天作文600字
.
现代大学英语听力
2
答案及原文
Unit
1
Task
1
【答案】
A.
1) She wanted to see St.
Paul
’
s Cathedral.
2) She was so surprised because she saw
so many Englishmen who looked alike.
3) They were all wearing dark suits and
bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and
newspapers.
4) Because she had
often read about them and seen photographs of
them, who all looked as if they
were
wearing a uniform.
5) No, he
didn
’
t.
6) He used
the English saying
“
It takes all kinds to make a world
”
to prove his opinion.
B.
If
all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it
would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what
a great tree it would be! And if this
tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash
there would be!
【原文】
Yesterday morning Gretel went to the
City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's
Cathedral.
She was surprised to see so
many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all
wearing dark suits and
bowler hats.
They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers.
When she returned home she asked
Mr
clark about these strange creatures.
often read about them and seen
photographs of them. They all look as if they are
wearing a uniform.
Does the typical
English gentleman still exist?
Mr. Clark laughed.
who work in the City of London still
wear bowler hate and I suppose they are typical
Englishmen.
But look at
this.
as typical, perhaps. It seems as
if there is no such thing as a 'typical'
Englishman. Do you know the
English
saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world'?
That's true of all countries-including
England.
“
Oh, just like the poem
‘
If All the Seas Were One Sea
’
,
”
Gretel began to hum happily. If
all the seas were one
sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the
trees were one tree, what a great
tree
that would be! And if this tree were to fall in
the sea, w
hat a great splash that would be!”
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) people were much
busier
2) colder than England;
minus thirty degrees; last longer
3) much more mountainous; much higher
and much more rocky; more beautiful
4) tend to be more
crowded
5) the houses;
smaller
B.
1)
T
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) F
整理范本
.
【原文】
John is British
but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from
Osaka, but she is studying in
Britain.
In the following passage you are going to hear,
they are comparing life as they see it in the
two countries. But before listening to
it, think of the two countries and try to answer
the following
pre-listening
questions.
John: I
found that living in Japan, people were busier.
They seem to work the whole day.
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know
,
summer in Japan is
just horrible.
It’s very, very humid and hot
, and you need to shower three times
a day.
John: So you find it
cooler in England?
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right.
John: Where I was
living in Japan, in the North, it was much colder
than England, especially in winter,
minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does
the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in
England?
Etsuko:
No, I don’t think so. December, January, February, March.
John:
Yes. It’s a little bit shorter if anything.
Etsuko: Ever since I came here, I
noticed that the countryside here in England is
very beautiful.
John:
It’s much flatter than in Japan.
Etsuko:
Yes. Japan is a mountainous country and our cities
are full of people. There are lots of people
in a limited flat area.
John:
Yes,
I
found
Japan
much
more
mountainous
than
Britain,
especially
in
the
north.
The
mountains are
much higher and much more rocky. I found it more
beautiful than Britain, I think.
Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains.
John: And therefore the towns and
villages tend to be more crowded.
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right.
John: Yes. So
because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don’t they?
Etsuko:
Yes, they are very compact, and we don’t hav
e a lot of space. In big cities we have a lot of
taller
buildings now.
John: Is this a problem
because there are more earthquakes in Japan?
Etsuko:
Yes, that’s right and…
Task 3
【答案】
A.
1) In the US, people usually dance just
to enjoy themselves; they don
’
t invite other people to watch
them.
2)
Usually eight people dance together.
3)
Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side of the square.
4) He
usually makes it into a song.
5)
They wear old-fashioned clothes.
B.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) T
C.
1) eight people form a square; on each
side of the square
整理范本
.
2) what they should do;
makes it into a song; sings it
3) don
’
t have much time to think
4) old-fashioned
clothes
【原文】
Rosa: Why don’t you have folk dances in
the United States? Most countries have special
dances that
the people have done for
many years. The dancers wear clothes from the old
days. Everyone
likes to watch them
dance.
Steve: We have folk
dances, too. A lot of people belong to folk
dancing groups. But when they dance,
they usually do it just to enjoy
themselves.
They don’t invite other people to watch them
.
Rosa:
Is there a folk dancing group here?
Steve: I think so.
There must be. There’s one in almost every city,
and some big cities have several.
Rosa:
What are the dances like?
Steve: Usually
eight people dance together, four men and four
women. When they start, they form a
square, with a man and a woman on each
side of the square.
That’s why it’s called
square dancing.
Then there’s a man who tells the dancers what they should do.
He
usually makes it into a
song. He sings it while they dance.
Rosa:
Oh, that should make the dances easy!
Steve:
Yes, but they are very fast. They
don’t have much time to think.
I like to watch them,
though. The dancers wear old-fashioned
clothes. That makes the dances pretty to
watch.
Rosa:
I’d like to watch a group d
ance.
Steve:
I’ll take you sometime.
Task 4
【答案】
1) It was a time
to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning
of spring.
2) They burned the
picture of their kitchen god to bring good
luck.
3) The custom said the
brides must wear
“
something old, something new, something borrowed, and
something blue
”
to bring good luck.
4)
Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried to use up these
things before Lent
began.
5)
It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.
6)
People brought
their
animals
to
church.
And
before
the animals
went
into the
church
people
dressed
them up in flowers and ribbons.
【原文】
1) On the
evening of February 3rd, people in Japanese
families took one dried bean for each year of
their
age
and threw the
beans
on the
floor,
shouting
luck
in! Evil
spirits out!
known as
2) Before the Chinese Lunar New Year in
the old days, many Chinese families burned the
picture of
their kitchen god to bring
good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day came, they
put ancw picture of
the kitchen god on
the wall.
3) When American women
got married, they sometimes followed an old custom
in choosing what to
wear on their
wedding day. The custom said the bride must wear
something borrowed, and something
blue
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.
4) Before Lent (a time on the Christian
calendar), the people of Ponti, Italy ate an
omelet made with
1,000 eggs. People
could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during
Lent, so they tried to use up
these
things before Lent began.
5)
When winter ended in Czech, the children made a
straw man called
death. They burned it
or threw it in the river. After they destroyed it,
they carried flowers home to
show the
arrival of spring.
6) January
17th was St. Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day
when people brought their animals to
church. But before the animals went
into the church, the people dressed them up in
flowers and
ribbons. This ceremony was
to protect people's animals.
Task
5
【答案】
A.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) T
5) F
6) T
7) T
B.
Advantages
Lots of servants to do the work
beautiful clothes to wear
lots of tea parties
life being slower
plenty of time to talk to each
other
Disadvantages
Terrible life for servants
very uncomfortable clothes
boring
and
formal
tea
parties
—
often
no
men
being
invited
much more illness
children left with servants all
day
very poor education
no freedom for women
【原文】
Man: Well, I
think life used to be much more fun than it is
now. I mean, look at the Victorians.
They had lots of servants to do all the
work; they never had to do any cooking or
cleaning;
they just wore those
beautiful dresses and went to tea parties.
Woman: You must be joking! Their
clothes were terribly uncomfortable and their tea
parties were
very formal and boring.
They used to wear their hats and long gloves even
when they were
eating cakes and
biscuits. And men were not usually invited.
Man: Really? Weren't they?
Woman: And think of the
poor servants. What a terrible life
—
just cleaning and cooking for other
people all the time!
Man: But you hate housework!
Woman: Yes, I know,
but there are lots of machines now to help you
with the housework. People
don't need
servants.
Man: Maybe they don't,
but life then was much slower than it is now-
people nowadays are always
rushing, and
they never have time to stop and enjoy
themselves.
Woman:
Life
then
was
fine
for
the
rich,
but
it
was
dreadful
for
the
poor.
There
was
much
more
illness. They didn't have
the money to pay doctors, and they often used to
die of illnesses
that don't exist in
England now.
Man:
Maybe.
But
people
used
to
talk
to
each
other,
play
the
piano
or
play
cards
together.
整理范本
.
Nowadays people just sit
in front of the television for hours and never
talk to each other.
Woman: I
agree with you about television; but what about
their children? They left their Children
with the servants all day. Children
hardly ever saw their parents! And the clothes
they had to
wear!
Horrible,
tight,
uncomfortable,
grown- up
clothes.
Children
have
a
much
better
life
now than they used to, and schools and
education are much better too.
Man: I hate school.
Woman: And look at opportunities for
women. In those days, women used to stay at home,
play the
piano, change their clothes
several times a day and have tea parties. What a
life! They didn't
have any freedom at
all. I'm very happy living now. I can work, have a
career, do what I
want to.
Man: You mean you can work hard all your life like a Victorian servant.
Woman: Life isn't all
tea parties, you know.
Task
6
【答案】
A.
1) b
2) a
3) c
4) a
B.
1) family unit; process; change; used
to be; the extended; the nuclear
2) job patterns; progressed;
agricultural; industrial; forced; job
opportunities; split up
3)
traditional; family; expanded; other living
arrangements
C.
1) mother, father, children, and some
other relatives, such as grandparents, living in
the same house
or nearby
2)
only the parents and the children
3)
previously
married
men
and
women
marry
again
and
combine
the
children
from
former
marriages into a new family
【原文】
The American
family unit is in the process of change. There
used to be mainly two types of
families:
the
extended
and
the
nuclear.
The
extended
family
most
often
included
mother,
father,
children, and some other
relatives, such as grandparents, living in the
same house or nearby. Then as
job
patterns changed and the economy progressed from
agricultural to industrial, people were forced
to move to different parts of the
country for job opportunities. These moves split
up the extended
family. The nuclear
family became more prevalent; this consisted of
only the parents and the children.
Now
besides these two types of traditional groupings,
the word
a variety of other living
arrangements.
Today's family can be made up of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in
two, there is an increase
in single parent homes: a father or mother living
with one or more children.
families
occur
when
previously
married
men
and
women
marry
again
and
combine
the
children from former marriages into a
new family. On the other hand, some couples are
deciding not
to have any children at
all, so there is an increase in childless
families. There are also more people
who live alone: single, widowed,
divorced. Now one in five Americans lives
alone.
整理范本
.
Task 7
【答案】
A.
Study subjects like history or
English
Study engineering
Go to university to get good
jobs
Look for a good job because
they want a good husband
Look
for a good job because they want to be
successful
Work for a
lifetime
Work up to ten
years
Get married by twenty-
seven
Cook the meals
Look after the children
Go out for a drink after work
Come home by four o'clock in the
afternoon
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Men
√
√
√
Women
Both
√
B.
1) c
2) c
3) a
4) b
5) c
6) c
7) c
【原文】
In Japan both men and women go to
university and both men and women study the arts
such as
history
or
English.
But
very
few
women
study
science,
medicine
or
engineering.
In
engineering
classes of
thirty or forty students, there may be only one or
two women. Men and women both go to
university in order to get good jobs:
men want to work for a big company, be successful,
earn a lot of
money and support a
family; women, on the other hand, want to work for
a big company because
they have a
better chance of meeting a successful man and
getting married. This is changing, however,
as Japanese women begin to think about
their own careers. They have began to take jobs
which they
like rather than jobs in
order to find a husband.
Men work for their whole lives and usually stay with the same company. A woman may work up
to ten
years, but after that she usually gets married.
Most women are married by the age of twenty
seven, then they stay at home and look
after the children. A man does not cook or look
after the
children. When he comes home,
his meal must be ready. The woman may go out in
the afternoon,
shopping with her
friends or having a chat, but she must go back
home by four o'clock to prepare the
meal. Then she may have to wait a long
time for her husband to come home. Often he has to
go out
for a drink after work: if he
doesn't he may not rise very
high in the company. After her children
grow up, a
woman can go back to work, but it is not easy. If
her former company takes older women
back, she might be lucky. But most
women find it difficult to find a job when they
are older.
Task 8
整理范本
.
【答案】
A.
1) a
2) c
3) b
4) c
5) c
6) b
7) c
8) b
B.
1) T
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) T
6) F
7) F
8) F
9) T
10) F
【原文】
Matthew: Geth, how do people set about
getting married in England?
Geth: I suppose the most common way is still for people to go home. For example, people who
live in London now
will go back to their homes in the provinces where
they'll meet all their
relatives and
their parents, and they'll get married in a
church, with the bride wearing white,
the
traditional
white.
Then
they'll
go
off
and
have
a
booze-up
with
their
relatives
and
friends and a jolly good
time will be had by all. Otherwise you can get
married in a registry
office,
which
means
you
turn
up
with
your
bride-to- be
or
bridegroom-to-be
with
two
witnesses only. The ceremony
takes about five minutes, I suppose. You sign the
form and
that's it.
Matthew: There are many today who say
that marriage is a complete waste of time. What's
your view
of marriage in the twentieth
century?
Goth: Well, I live in London as you know. I think in London, the tendency is to... for a... boy and
girl, man or woman to live
together before marriage and often to live
together without any
prospect of
marriage at all. I think this probably is... is
true of London and the other big
cities
than
elsewhere,
because
after
all
people
in
London
are
living
in
a
big
place
where
home ties are obviously less
restrictive. They can do more or less as they
please and I think
this is the
pattern.
Matthew: But do you
think it helps for people to live together before
taking their vows?
Geth: I think in a sense the habit of living together before marriage may, in a strange sort of way,
make marriage
stronger, because after all the people will know
each other better when they
do get
married and it might be suggested that divorce
would be less likely between such a
couple.
Matthew: Sue,
you've been married for two or three years now.
How's it working out?
Sue: I think it's a successful marriage. It's... I mean, it's difficult to say why, because we basically
suit each other very much. We have a
good friendship, apart from anything else, and,
you
know,
we
just
go
together
very
well
because
we
respect
each
other's
freedom
and
individuality, but on the
other hand we really need each other, you know,
it's...
Matthew: What about..,
have you thought of having children?
Sue:
Well,
obviously,
like
most
young
couples,
we
have
thought
about
it,
but,
you
know,
we
both
feel
rather,
sort
of,
loath
to
lose
our
freedom
just
yet.
I
think
we'll
probably
wait
another few
years.
Matthew: Is it easy in
England today to people to get divorced, or is
that quite difficult?
Chris:
I
think
technically
it's
probably
fairly
easy,
I
think,
because
I'm
not
English
but,
I
think
technically it's fairly easy to be...
to get divorced. But it's not just the
technicality of it which
is
the
problem.
Divorce
is...
is
a
social
stigma
which
people
can
probably
Cope
with
to
varying
degrees,
but
it's
also
a
lot
easier
for
the
man
because
the
woman,
after
she
is
divorced is, in fact, frowned upon
by... by a lot of people in society. She is...
is... at a... a
much more difficult
social position in terms of... of meeting other
men, or whatever, simply
整理范本
.
because she is a
divorcee.
Task
9
【原文】
Social
customs and ways of behaving change. But they do
not necessarily always change for the
better. Things which were considered
impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a
few years
ago, it was considered
impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the
street. No man who thought of
himself
as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself
by smoking when a lady was in the room.
The important thing to remember about
social customs is not to do anything that might
make
other people feel uncomfortable
—
especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich
nobleman who had a very formal dinner
party. When the food was served, one of the guests
started
to eat his peas with a knife.
Other guests were amused or shocked, but the
nobleman calmly picked
up his knife and
began eating in the same way. It would have been
bad manners to make his guest
feel
foolish or uncomfortable.
Unit
2
Task
1
【答案】
1)
b
2) a
3) d
【原文】
Texas
was the biggest state before Alaska became the
forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way
to understand the size of Texas is to
learn about its weather. Different
parts of the state have very
different kinds of
weather.
Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visit Laredo
is in winter, when it is pleasantly
warm.
Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in New York,
which is
a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes
it gets quite hot. The best time to visit
Amarillo is in the autumn when it is
cool.
If
anyone
asks
you
about
the
weather
in
Texas,
ask
him,
“What
part
of
Texas
do
you
mean
？”
Task
2
【答案】
A.
1)
T
2) F
3) F
B.
1) d
2) c
3) c
C.
climate,
reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet,
clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild
【原文】
Our friend,
Nick, whose English gets better and better,
declared solemnly the other day that he
thought that the British climate was
wonderful, but the British weather was terrible.
He went on to
整理范本
.
explain by pointing out that the
British climate was a temperate one. This meant,
he said,
could always be certain that
the weather would never be extreme
—
at any rate not for any length of
time
—
never very hot and never very cold.
according to the statistics, was
not very heavy.
bad
reputation?
He
answered
by
saying
it
was
because
of
the
extraordinary,
unreliable
weather.
There was no part of
the year at which you could be certain that the
weather would be dry or wet,
clear or
dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as
cold as a mild day in January. Indeed you
could feel cold at almost any time of
the year. Nick blamed drafty British houses for
this, but agreed
you
could also
blame the
small
amount
of
sunshine
and a
great
amount
of dampness.
He advised
every student coming
to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understand
the meaning of that splendid
word
Task 3
【答案】
I.
the country; Trees, grass, lakes and
steams
II.
A.
1. concrete, iron, steel
2. take in the heat during the day and
throw off heat into the air at night
B. Warmer winters, car engines;
electrical appliance
Ⅲ
.
A. air
pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the
earth
B.
1.
Ice near the North and South poles to melt
2. to be slowly flooded and people
living in these cities to move to higher
land
【原文】
Cities change the climate around you.
In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and
streams. In
hot weather, the trees and
grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers
also cool the area around
them.
But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete, iron, and
steel. There are few trees
and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the
streets and into the sewers.
When
the
summer
sun
shines,
streets
and
buildings
take
in
the
heat;
after
the
sun
sets,
the
streets and buildings throw
off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the
countryside cools off, but a
city may
stay hot all night.
Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motor running,
winter or
summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the
engine. The heat comes from the gasoline
burned by the engine. This heat warms
the air and the ground around the car. Thousands
of running
cars are almost like
thousands of small fires burning.
Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity creates a lot
of heat. This heat from
electricity warms the house and the outside
air.
The
heat
given
off
by
cities
can
affect
the
climate.
Some
experts
even
believe
that
cities
can
change the climate of the whole world.
They think that air pollution may stop sunlight
from reaching
the earth. If less
sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become
cooler.
Still other experts
think the world will get warmer. If the world did
get warmer, great changes
整理范本
.
would occur. Ice near the
North and South poles would melt. This would make
the oceans rise. Cities
near oceans
—
like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami
—
would slowly be flooded. People living in
these cities would
have to move to higher land.
Task 4
【答案】
A.
1)
b
2) c
B.
night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, head
C.
1) F
2) T
3) F
【原文】
A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one
of the spectacular and beautiful weather
predictors we
have in nature. By
closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve
short-range accuracy of the
weather as
good as, or better than your local weatherman. In
the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is
quoted as saying, “When it is evening,
it will be fair weather: for the sky is
red
. And in the morning
it will
be foul weather today: for the sky is
red
”
when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English
weather proverb based on
this passage is:
Red sky at
night, sailors delight.
Red
sky at morning, sailors take warning.
Or
Evening red
and morning gray,
Sends the
traveler on his way.
Evening
gray, morning red,
Brings
the rain down on his head.
At
dusk,
a
red
sky
indicates
that
dry
weather
is
on
the
way.
This
is
due
to
the
sun
shining
through dust particles being pushed
ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry
air. A red sky in
the morning
is
due to the
sun
again
shining
through dust.
In
this
case however,
the
dust
is
being
pushed on by an approaching low
reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't
confuse a red sky in
the morning with a
red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red
and the sky is a normal color, the
day
will be fair.
Task
5
【答案】
1)
c
2) b
3) d
4) c
5) c
【原文】
Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and
frequently find myself on the river in a raft
during
lightning storms. We always have
a debate at these times on where we are safest
—
pulling into shore or staying on the water. Since I have heard one is safe in a
car when lightning strikes I wonder if
the raft floating on the water is insulated,
and therefore the safest place to
be.
Meteorologist A: We spoke
with some scientists about your question, and they
all agreed that under
no
circumstances
should
you
remain
on
the
water
during
a
lightning
storm.
If
your raft is
made of rubber, you might feel that you're .well
insulated, but don't
整理范本
.
kid yourself. Typical
lightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers and
can deliver as
much as 100,000 amps of
current. In comparison, a toaster uses about 10
amps of
current.
If
lightning
strikes the
water
near
you,
it will
have
no trouble
traveling
through a few extra centimeters of
rubber.
Meteorologist B: So, if
you're on the water and a thunderstorm approaches,
get to the shore and seek
shelter on
land. Try a building or car. If neither is
available, look for a cave, cliff,
wall, or a group of trees. Never take
shelter under an isolated tree-it's also a good
target for lightning.
Task
6
【答案】
A.
1)
F
2) T
3) F
4) T
5) F
6) T
B.
Incredible, one
minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up,
carried away, killed, injured
【原文】
Every spring and
summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A
tornado is a kind of storm.
It's
a
revolving,
funnel-shaped
column
of
air
that
moves
through
the
sky
at
very
high
speeds.
A
tornado looks like a huge,
black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The
speed of a tornado is
very fast-it is
believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per
hour.
Tornados
form
under
very
special
weather
conditions,
and
these
special
weather
conditions
occur most often in
inland areas, such as the central United States. A
tornado forms when a layer of
warm, dry
air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air.
This combination of dry, warm air above wet,
cool air creates a condition that
causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the
lower air rises, both
layers of
air
begin to
rotate, to
turn
around and around. The air
begins
to
rotate
faster
and
faster
because of centrifugal force. The
tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air
rotates quickly
around this eye.
As the air begins to rotate faster and faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; that is,
it begins to form a funnel or cone, and
this cone goes down toward the ground.
The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer, as
the cloud gets closer to the ground, it
begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the
funnel of
rotating air becomes
very dark because of the dirt in it. As the
tornado funnel gets longer, it begins to
drag along the ground.
When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches the ground
for only about one minute, and
it usually travels along the ground for only about
one kilometer, but
during that one
minute, buildings are destroyed, trees are lifted
up out of the ground, small objects
are
carried away, and sometimes people are injured or
killed.
Task
7
【答案】
A.
1) b
2) a
3) b
整理范本
.
B.
1) It has been
nice weather during the day, but it is going to
change at night.
2) Fine weather
in southern Europe and not so nice in northern
Europe
For today
Southeast England---26 degrees Celsius
by mid-afternoon
Southern
Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21
degrees
Brighton---15 hours of
lovely sunshine
Midlands---23
degrees Celsius by early afternoon
Northwest of Scotland---Light showers
around midday
For the
weekend
Spain---34 degrees
Celsius
Greece---32 degrees
Celsius
France---Cloudy with
rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degrees
Northern Ireland---Heavy rain, 17
degrees Celsius
Most of England
---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23
degrees Celsius
【原文】
Radio Announcer: You
’
re listening to Radio Metro. It
’
s two minutes to nine, and time for the
latest weather for cast from Dan
Francis at the London Weather Centre.
Francis:
Hello.
It's
been
another
warm
and
fine
day
for
most
of
us.
Temperatures
in
southeast
England reached 26
degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had
15 hours of lovely sunshine.
Further
north
it was a
little cooler
with maximum temperatures of
around
21 degrees
in
southern
Scotland, and in the far northwest of
Scotland there were some light showers around
midday. But the
rest of the country, as
I said, has been warm and dry with temperatures in
the Midlands reaching 23
degrees
Celsius by early afternoon though it was a little
cooler along the west coast and in Northern
Ireland. But already the weather is
beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the
night showers will
slowly move in from
the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the
southern coast of Wales by
early
morning.
The rest of the country
will have a very mild, dry night with minimum
temperatures no lower than 15
degrees
in the south, a little cooler
—
11degrees or so
—
in the north. Any remaining showers in
northwest Scotland
will pass quickly to leave a mild, dry night there
too.
And now the outlook for
Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe
will, once again, get the
best of the
weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this
weekend, then southern Spain is the place
to go, with temperatures of 34 degrees
along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end
of the Med,
too, you can expect
uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to
32 degrees Celsius in Greece
and
southeast Italy, but further north the weather's
not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the
Netherlands
will
be
cloudy
with
occasional
rain,
and
maximum
temperatures
will
be
around
22
degrees
—
very disappointing for this time of the year.
Scotland and
Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of
the weekend and temperatures will
drop
to a cool 17 degrees. Across most of England the
weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with
sunny
periods.
And
when
the
sun
does
come
out,
temperatures
could
rise
to
a
maximum
of
23
degrees.
Task
8
【答案】
整理范本
.
Natural Phenomena
Faraway objects are focused.
Birds
’
calls become Sharper.
Air Pressure
Causes
(Rise or
Fall)
Fall
Fall
The
dust
particles
begin
to
settle
to
the
ground in thinner air and the
air clears.
Instead of traveling
upward and outward into the
atmosphere
they
are
bent
back
to
the earth and
their
range extended.
The
methane
is
trapped
in
the
bottom
of
the
swamp because of the thick air.
Birds
prefer
to
fly
where
the
air
is
the
densest
and
they can get greater lift with their wings
Smoke rises with thicker air.
The
gas
in
our
bodies
expands
in
lower
air
pressure.
Swamp
doesn
’
t
smell
very
Rise
strong.
Bird fly
high.
Smoke rise high in the
air
Elderly
people
’
s joints ache.
Rise
Rise
Fall
【原文】
As the air pressure around you either
rises or falls, many changes in nature occur. Most
of these
are very obvious changes while
others are of a more subtle nature.
Mountains and other far away objects
will appear to be much closer and more sharply
focused
as wet weather approaches and
the air pressure drops. The dust particles in the
air begin to settle to
the ground and
the air clears, allowing you to see more details
of faraway objects. As a high pressure
front approaches and the air becomes
“thicker,” more dust particles become suspended in
air and
things take on their normal
somewhat hazy appearance.
“Sharp
horns on the moon threaten bad weather.” This and
a bri
ght, clear moon are good
indicators that wet weather is on the
way. As the air clears of dust particles ahead of
a low pressure
system, the moon appears
to come closer and be more sharply focused due to
the lack of dust.
Sound
also
becomes
sharper
and
more
focused
prior
to
stormy
weather.
Instead
of
traveling
upward and
outward
into the atmosphere
sound waves are
bent back to
the earth
and
their
range
extended. Bird calls sound
sharper, and, at my house, we can hear the blowing
of the train horn as it
rumbles through
the valley below.
If you find
yourself out in a marsh or swamp and the air
really seems to stink more than normal,
expect rainy weather. This happens when
the pressure drops and the methane trapped on the
bottom
of the swamp is released in
greater quantities. In reverse, as fair weather
approaches and the pressure
rises,
things won't smell quite so strong.
Birds and bats have a tendency to fly
much lower to the ground right before a rain due
to the
“thinning” of the air. They
prefer to fly where
the air is the most dense and they can get greater lift
with their wings. With high pressure
and dry air, the atmosphere becomes denser and
they can easily
fly at higher
altitudes.
Smoke rising straight
into the air means fair weather and smoke hanging
low means rain is on
the
way.
This
is
pretty
much
the
same
as
with
the
birds
and
methane
in
the
swamp.
When
high
pressure approaches, smoke
will rise whereas with low pressure it can't rise
and tends to lay low.
Remember a
grandparent talking about how their corns,
bunions, or joints ached right before a
rain?
Again,
this
is
due
to
the
decreasing
atmospheric
pressure
allowing
the
gas
in
our
bodies
to
expand.
整理范本
.
Task
9
【答案】
A.
Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.
B.
f
—
c< /p>
—
a
—
d
—
b
—
e
C.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
D.
1)
d
2) b
【原文】
It was 1974. Richard Nixon was still
president. Kidnapped heiress Patty Hearst was
still missing.
In Xenia, a pretty spot
of 25,000 people amid fields of soybeans and corn,
American Graffiti was held
over at the
Cinema. The Xenia Hotel offered a chicken and
dumpling dinner for $$2.25, but everyone
flocked to the A&W drive-in for burgers
and root beer floats. That's where five of the
bodies were
found after the
storm.
In
all,
33
people
died
in
Xenia's
tornado,
the
deadliest
of
148
storms
that
raged
through
13
states during the infamous
minutes, 330 people were killed and
nearly 5,550 were injured from Illinois to
Georgia.
Though the Xenia death
toll has been matched by other killer storms, the
degree of devastation
makes the city's
tornado among U.S. history's most destructive. The
storm still is studied in colleges
by
aspiring meteorologists, a textbook case of a rare
Category F-5, the most intense of
tornadoes.
On that fateful day,
I was a young boy of 8 years old. We lived in the
Arrowhead Subdivision.
That afternoon I
was around the corner playing with some neighbor
kids. I thought I could hear my
father
calling me, so I ran back to the house. Thinking
back now, there is no way I would have been
able to hear him. I was too far away
for a voice to have traveled in the afternoon
noise. Besides, Dad
had a very bad case
of tonsillitis that day. Like I was saying, I went
back home and got through the
door just
in time to answer the ringing phone. On the other
end of the phone was my Mother. Mom
was
working. She told me she heard a bad storm was on
the way. She told me to make sure the garage
door was shut and to stay inside. After
I hung up the phone, I settled down to watch
The Dennis
Show
.
To this day I can vividly remember the electricity
going out. I looked out the large window in
the living room and didn't have a clue
as to what I was looking at.
Dad
was asleep on the couch, so I woke him up to look.
Dad looked and said to get into the
bathroom. We sat on the floor. Dad had
his back to the door and his feet pushing against
the wall
opposite the door. I remember
that as soon as we sat down, the windows broke.
Glass blew under
the door, and the
sound was tremendous. I know it really
didn
’
t take too long for the tornado to go
past, but I do remember the
conversation we had in the process. I could feel
the cool air rushing
under the floor
through the crawlspace vents. I asked if we were
flying. He said he wasn't sure, but he
didn't think we were. He said the house
was tearing apart. I asked him how he knew. He
said he just
knew it was.
When things calmed down, we opened the
door. The odd feeling I had, looking up the street
from inside what once was my hallway,
is still with me today.
I think
back often to that day. I think back and wonder
what would have happened if my Dad
hadn't
been
sick
that
day.
Like
a
lot
of
kids,
I
stayed
home
by
myself
after
school
back
then.
I
整理范本
.
seriously doubt I would be
able to tell you my story, if I had been alone
that day. I still live in Xenia
and
wouldn
’
t trade this town for any other.
Task
10
【原文】
Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the
harshest places for human existence. It is cool in
summer but
freezing
cold
in
winter.
In
Lhasa,
the
mildest
city
temperature
may
exceed
29C
in
summer
while
plummeting to -16C in winter! Sun
radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The
sunlight in Lhasa is so
intense that
the city is called Sunlight City. The thin air can
neither block off nor retain heat so that
the temperature extremes can be met in
daytime and the same night respectively in Tibet.
However it
is not impossible to visit
the holy snow land. April to October is the best
time to visit Tibet, out of
the coldest
months, which are from December to February
usually. The average temperature in north
Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in
October until the following May or June. July and
August are
the best time to visit the
area, enjoying warm temperature, intense sunshine,
beautiful scenery and
festive events.
May, June and September is the tourist season in
east Tibet. In winter, roads are all
blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and
rock falls frequently occur, which will make
travel difficult.
Unit
3
Task
1
【答案】
A.
1) Stress on the job costs
American companies as much as $$150 billion a year
in lower productivity,
unnecessary
employee sick leave, and higher medical
costs.
2) The most stressful
professions are those that involve danger and
extreme pressure and those that
carry a
lot of responsibility without much control.
3) The best way to deal with stress is
through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer
is to fight
back or walk away.
B.
1) Three-quarters
2) psychologists, doctors
3) nervousness, anger,
frequent illness, forgetfulness, mental
problems
【原文】
Stress on the job costs American
companies as much as $$150 billion a year in lower
productivity,
unnecessary
employee
sick
leave,
and
higher
medical
costs.
Three-quarters
of
the
office
workers
today say they suffer from stress at
work. Recently, psychologists and doctors have
begun to study
the problem more
closely. They have discovered that the most
stressful professions are those that
involve danger, extreme pressure and
those that carry a lot of responsibility without
much control.
The sign of stress
range from nervousness, anger, and frequent
illness to forgetfulness or even
mental
problems.
The
best
way
to
deal
with
stress
is
through
relaxation,
but
sometimes
the
only
answer is to fight back or walk
away.
Task 2
整理范本
.
【答案】
A.
1)
give in so easily to hijackers
’
demands
a) threaten to blow up a plane, commit
some other outage
b)
hold
out
against
this
kind
of
blackmail,
always
have
terrorists,
Start
executing
terrorists
automatically
c)
be prepared to face the consequences of evil
2)
a) It
’
s the lesser of two evils. Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business.
b)
Innocent lives, threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.
B.
She
implies
that
if
the
first
speaker
was
one
of
the
victims
of
terrorism,
she
would
want
the
government to
give in to the demands so that she
wouldn
’
t die.
【原文】
Margaret:
Governments
give in so easily to hijackers’ demands
. A hijacker only has to threaten to
blow up a plane or commit some other
outrage, and a government gives in to his
demands.
Valerie: Naturally.
It’s the less
er of the two evils. What government would risk innocent lives just to
see if terrorists will really do what
they threaten to do? Terrorists have proven often
enough
that they really mean
business.
Margaret: Yes, but
i
f a government doesn’t hold out against this kind of bl
ackmail, we will always
have
terrorists.
Governments
are
afraid
to
punish
these
people.
They
almost
always
let
them go free.
Start executing terrorists automatically wherever
they land, and terrorism will
stop.
Valerie: And
what about the innocent lives that will be lost in
the process? Terrorism is based on the
simple idea that threatening the
innocent will achieve its ends.
Margaret: You can
’
t get rid of evil without being prepared to face the consequences of evil.
Valerie:
So long as you
’
re not one of the victims!
Task 3
【答案】
A.
1)
thirty-five, natural light, a small window, hot, airless, very noisy
2) Mexico
3) ought to,
shouldn
’
t
B.
1)
It is located in a narrow street with five- and six-storey buildings eight kilometers from downtown
Los Angeles.
2) This factory makes shirts and
jeans
3) She
’
s already been working for ten hours, but won
’
t stop for another two hours.
4) She
can
’
t complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.
【原文】
Eight kilometers
from downtown Los Angeles there is a narrow street
with five- and six-storey
buildings.
Inside one of these buildings there is a small
factory making shirts and jeans. The women
working in the factory sit close
together, each with a small table, each with their
own sewing machine.
The women say
nothing, and work hard. In one of the rooms there
are thirty-five women. There is
整理范本
.
only a little natural light, and this
comes from a small window in the roof. The room is
hot, airless,
and very noisy. On the
left-hand side of the room there is a young girl
sitting next to the wall. Every
now and
again she closes her eyes, and her fingers stop
working. She's already been in her chair for
ten hours, but she'll be here until the
bell rings
—
and that won't be for another two hours. Her name
is Maria,
and she comes from Mexico. She won't complain
about her work. She won't say that the
working
hours
ought
to
be
changed;
she
won't
say
that
the
working
conditions
shouldn't
be
permitted.
Task 4
【答案】
A.
Every
year
the
British
government
publishes
statistics
about
social
trends.
Their
findings
show
definite
patterns in the British way of life.
1)
marked differences
a)
one hour more every day, three hours more every week
b)
1 percent, cleaning and ironing, keep household accounts, do repairs or improvements
c)
30 percent
2)
leisure
activities,
watching
television,
20
hours
a
week,
going
for
walks,
Swimming,
British
women
B.
Unlike the other couples, Carla
has always kept her won accounts and Adrian has
always done his
own housework. Neither
of them like watching television very much and
they both like swimming.
【原文】
When Adrian
Hutton and Carla Leone get married they will move
into a new house that they
have bought.
But what sort of life will they have? What can
they expect in modern Britain? Every
year
the
British
government
publishes
statistics
about
social
trends.
Their
findings
show
definite
patterns in
the British way of life.
In
most
marriages
there are some
marked
differences between
husbands and wives. Working
wives, for example, sleep (on average)
one hour more a day than working husbands.
Housewives, on
the
other
hand,
sleep
only
about
three
hours
more
every
week
than
their
working
husbands.
And
what
about
housework?
The
government
survey
showed
that
only
1%
of
men
do
the
household
chores
—
like cleaning and ironing. But they do usually keep household accounts and it is always men
who do repairs or improvements in the
house. 30% of all marriages end in divorce.
The government survey also
looked at leisure activities. They found that the
two most popular
leisure activities in
Britain are watching television (the average
family spends 20 hours a week in front
of the TV set) and going for walks.
Swimming is an especially popular activity among
British women.
Carla and
Adrian's life, though, will probably be different
from the average marriage. In the first
place
Carla
has
always
kept
her
own
accounts
and
Adrian
has
always
done
his
own
housework.
Neither of
them like watching television very much and they
both like swimming.
Task
5
【答案】
A.
整理范本
.
Topic: How a city in Japan solve the
problem of garbage disposal.
Supporting details: 160 million, every
year, 10 percent, 10 percent, the rest, public
cooperation
1) garbage that can
be easily burned, kitchen and garden trash
2) electrical appliances, plastic
tools, plastic toys
3) are
poisonous, cause pollution, batteries
4) bottles and glass containers that
can be recycled
5) metal
containers that can be recycled
6) furniture and bicycled
on
different
days,
on
request,
fertilizer,
to
produce
electricity,
recycled,
cleaned,
repaired,
resold
cheaply, give away
B.
1) The garbage
will be taken to a center that looks like a clean
new office building or hospital. Inside
the center, special equipment is used
to sort and process the garbage.
2) Official from cities around the
world visit Machida to see whether they can use
some of these ideas
and techniques to
solve their own garbage disposal problems.
【原文】
Disposing of the
garbage we produce every day is a major problem in
cities around the world. In
the United
States, over 160 million tons of garbage are
produce every year. Ten percent is recycled,
ten percent is burned, and the rest is
put in landfills. But finding land for new
landfills is becoming
more
difficult.
A city that has
solved this problem in an unusual way is Machida,
in Tokyo, Japan. They have
developed a
totally new approach to garbage disposal. The key
to the operation is public cooperation.
Families must divide their garbage into
six categories:
1. garbage that
can be easily burned (that is, combustible
garbage) such as kitchen and
garden
trash
?
;
2. noncombustible garbage, such as
small electrical appliances, plastic tools, and
plastic toys
?
;
3.
products that are poisonous or that cause
pollution, such as batteries and fluorescent
lights
?
;
4.
bottles and glass containers that can be
recycled
?
;
5.
metal containers that can be
recycled
?
;
6.
large items, such as furniture and
bicycles.
The items in
categories1 to 5 are collected on different days.
Large items are only collected upon
request. Then the garbage is taken to a
center that looks like a clean new office building
or hospital.
Inside the center, special
equipment is used to sort and process the garbage.
Almost everything can
be
reused:
garden
or
kitchen
trash
becomes
fertilizer;
combustible
garbage
is
burned
to
produce
electrical; metal containers and
bottles are recycled; and old furniture, clothing,
and other useful items
are
cleaned,
repaired,
and
resold
cheaply
or
given
away.
The
work
provides
employment
for
handicapped person and gives them a
chance to learn new skills.
Nowadays,
officials
from
cities
around
the
world
visit
Machida
to
see
whether
they
can
use
some of these ideas and
techniques to solve their own garbage disposal
problems.
Task
6
【答案】
1) They were talking about Mrs.
Carter.
2) She was a tall,
handsome woman who used to come into the shop at
least twice a week.
整理范本
.
3) She lived alone in a
large house on an old farm---about three miles
from the shop.
4) He was
absolutely certain, otherwise he would never call
the police. His evidence was this: First, he
saw her do it; second, he found the
things in her bag; third, she had done it
before.
5)
Because
two
young
people
saw
her.
The
shopkeeper
believed
that
if
they
didn
’
t
punish
her,
young people would think
that stealing didn
’
t matter.
6) The judge thought that it was
difficult case from a humanitarian point of view.
The excuses her
found for her were:
First, the woman was old and she lived alone---she
was lonely. Second, she
wasn
’
t poor---she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didn
’
t need to steal.
Te
items were only worth a pound or two. Third, she
pleaded not guilty and she didn
’
t know that
she had done it.
【原文】
Shopkeeper: I
knew Mrs. Carter very well. She was a tall,
handsome woman who used to come into
the shop at least twice a week. She
lived alone in a large house on an old farm
—
about
three miles from
here. People ask me if I am certain she did it.
The answer is yes. I was
absolutely
certain, otherwise I would never have called the
police. In the first place, I saw
her
do it. I watched her put the things into her bag
and I watched her walk out of the
store. In the second place, we found
the things in her bag, and finally, she had done
it
before. It wasn't the first time. I
think she was in such a confused state that she
didn’t
know what she was doing, but two
other people say her
—
two young people. We had to
punish her, otherwise
young people would think that stealing didn’t
matter.
Judge: It was a
difficult case from a humanitarian point of view.
The woman was old and she lived
alone
—
she
was
lo
nely.
She
wasn’t
poor
—
she
was
well-known
for
her
generosity
to
charities
and
she
didn’t
need
to
steal.
The
items
were
only
worth
a
pound
or
two.
She
pleaded not guilty and said she didn’t
know that she had done it. From the legal point of
view the case was straightforward. The
woman stole; she was caught and reported. There
were
witnesses. She had to be punished
or else no one could be punished for
stealing.
Task
7
【答案】
A.
not all modern cities are alike; modern city.
1) a single
high-density center, skyscrapers, motorways, as
far as you can see
2) the low-
density multi-center city, a large collection of a
number of small centers, shopping centers,
factories, businesses,
skyscrapers
B.
1) He thinks that the second type( the
Los Angeles model) is more sensible.
2) He considers it highly likely that
the kind of city we know now will completely
disappear.
【原文】
Interviewer: Would you say then that
all modem cities are pretty much alike?
Urban Planner: Quite definitely not.
There seem to be two types of modem city. In type
one there is
a
single
high-density
centre,
and
that's
where
you'll
find
the
skyscrapers.
This
is
surrounded by
motorways. And all around this centre, low-density
suburbs stretch as
far as you can see.
This is like Houston, or Calgary, or Toronto.
Interviewer: And the
second
type?
Urban Planner: The other
type is like Los Angeles
—
the low- density multi-centre city. As I'm sure
整理范本
.
you
know Los Angeles is really a large collection of a
number of small centres, each
with its
shopping centres, factories, businesses, and
skyscrapers scattered everywhere.
In a
way it's almost one enormous suburb.
Interviewer: Do you. think one type is better than the other?
Urban Planner: I think
the Los Angeles model is more sensible.
Interviewer: And so do you think Los Angeles is the city of the future?
Urban Planner: Well, it
is arguable that the next step after Los Angeles
is the complete disappearance
of
the
city,
with
no
real
centre,
where
well-designed
forms
of
urban
life-modem
factories and office blocks which are
clean and quiet, and beautiful forms of rural life
—
the trees and parks of suburbs, live side by side.
Interviewer: So are you saying that the city as we know it will disappear...
Task
8
【答案】
A.
1)
He
thinks
that
this
country
’
s
problems
all
come
from
inflation,
which
is
the
result
of
the
Democrat
’
s careless spending.
2)
No,
she
doesn
’
t
agree
with
Ned.
She
believes
that
the
problem
is
unemployment.
If
the
government cuts
spending too much, people will fall into a vicious
circle of more unemployment
and fewer
taxpayers to share the burden.
3) She agrees with Barbara. She
believes that unemployment is a big problem,
especially in
the big
industrial
cities. And the government isn
’
t doing very much to help the big industries out.
4) He believes in the free
market system rather than government regulation or
protection. He thinks
that without a
lot of government interference everything will be
okay.
5)
No,
they
think
it
’
s
bad
for
the
weak,
the
poor
and
the
unprotected/
it
’
s
bad
for
the
underprivileged.
B.
more and more
money, come from somewhere, higher taxes and
higher prices
【原文】
Ned: ... you know, I think this
country's problems all come from inflation. That's
the main cause of
our troubles right
now. And what's causing the inflation? It's the
reckless spending of the
Democrats!
Every year they spend more and more money, and
that money has to come
from somewhere.
So we pay it in the form of higher taxes and
higher prices on the goods
we
buy.
Barbara: Well, I'm not sure
that I agree with you. It seems to me that
inflation is only one of our
problems.
What about unemployment? If people don't have jobs
because the government
cuts spending
too much, they can't buy things; and then you have
a vicious circle of more
unemployment
and fewer taxpayers to share the burden.
Ellen: You know, I think Barbara may have something there. Unemployment is a big problem,
especially in the big industrial
cities. The auto industry is fighting for its life
right now, and
the government isn't
doing very much to help it.
Ned:
Well,
it's
true
that
the
auto
industry
is
in
a
mess,
but
I
don't
think
the
answer
is
in
government
regulation or protection. I believe in the free
market system
—
let the system
work without a lot of government
interference, and everything will be okay.
整理范本
.
Ellen: So the strong will win, and the weak will be defeated. Is that what you mean?
Ned: Well, that's the way it goes. The survival of the fittest.
Barbara: And too bad about the weak,
the poor, the unprotected...
Ned: Now you're getting emotional. You have to remain objective about these things. Let me give
you an
example of what I'm talking about...
Task
9
【答案】
A.
1) The problem is whether or
not the inner city
—
the core of most urban areas
—
will manage to
survive at all.
2)
They moved to the suburbs in search of fresh air,
elbow room, and privacy.
3)
As
a
result,
suburbs
began
to
sprawl
out
across
the
countryside.
Many
cities
began
to
fall
into
disrepair. And
many downtown areas existed for business
only.
4) The result was that
urban centers declined even further and the
suburbs expanded still more.
5)
Because from the decision of the Taylors and many
other young couples, we can see that some
people may be tired of spending long
hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss
the
advantages of culture and
companionship provided by city life.
B.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) T
6) T
C.
1) middle-class,
tax money, neighborhoods
2)
Crime, public transportation
3) housing construction costs, was
allowed to, constructed
【原文】
A few years ago,
Ann and Walter Taylor thought it might be time to
move out of their New
York City
apartment to the suburbs. They had one young son
and another child on the way. But after
months of looking, they became
discourage and decided to buy an old townhouse
right in the middle
of Brooklyn, which
is a part of New York City. To their delight, they
discovered that they weren’t
the only
young couple to have made such a decision. In
fact, their entire area in Brooklyn had been
settled by young families. And as a
result, the neighborhood, which had been declining
for years, was
now being restored.
Brooklyn
isn’t
the
only
city
in
the
United
States
to
experience
this
kind
of
renewal.
So
are
Philadelphia and . And Charleston,
South Carolina, has so successfully rebuilt its
old central
area that it now ranks as
one of America’s most charming cities. The
restoration of the old port
city
of
Savannah,
Georgia,
is
also
living
proof
that
downtown
areas
do
not
need
to
die.
But
encouraging
as
these
developments
may
be,
they
are
among
the
few
bright
spots
in
a
mass
of
difficulties that today’s cities face.
Indeed, their woes are so many that it is fair to
ask whether or
not the inner city the
core of most urban areas will manage to survive at
all.
In the 1940s, urban
Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in
search of fresh air, elbow
room, and
privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the
countryside. Since most of those making
the move were middle-class, they took
with them the tax money the cities needed to
maintain the
neighborhoods in which
they had lived. The people left in the cities were
often those who were too
old or too
poor to move. Thus, many cities began to fall into
disrepair. Crime began to soar, and
整理范本
.
public
transportation
was
neglected.(
In
the
past
sixty
years
San
Francisco
is
the
only
city
in
the
United
States to have completed a new mass transit
system.) Meanwhile, housing construction costs
continued
to
rise
higher
and
higher.
Middle-class
housing
was
allowed
to
decay,
and
little
new
housing was
constructed.
Eventually,
many downtown areas existed for business only.
During the day they would be filled
with people working in offices, and at
night they would be deserted. Given these
circumstances, some
business
executives
began
asking,
“Why
bother
with
g
oing
downtown
at
all?
Why
not
move
the
offices to the suburbs so
that we can live and work in the same area?”
Gradually, some of the larger
companies
began moving out of the cities, with the result
that urban centers declined even further
and the suburbs expanded still more.
This movement of business to the suburbs is not
confined to
the United States.
Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in
Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn,
Germany,
and in Brussels, Belgium, as well.
But it may well be that this movement
to the suburbs has reached its peak. Some people
may be
tired of spending long hours
commuting, and they may have begun to miss the
advantages of culture
and
companionship
provided
by
city
life.
Perhaps
the
decision
made
by
the
Taylors
is
a
sign
that
people will return to the
cities and begin to restore them. It begins to
look as if suburban sprawl may
not have
been the answer to man’s need to create an ideal
environment in which to live and work.
Task
10
【答案】
A.
1) 54, 20, 1980,
?70,000.
2) 30, 1980
3) a
newspaper article, to research the market
4) another few months, in April 1981, a
1,500 sq ft
5) third, Canada,
America, 20 percent,
?1 million
6) 20, 70, 3
B.
1) F
2) T
3) F
4)F
5)T
C.
1) He was deeply involved in the
present job and rather enjoyed himself. He thought
the shop was his
own little baby and
thought it was fun to serve behind the counter.
However, he also thought that
there was
a lot more hard work than he was used to; he was
working over the weekend doing his
books. He call
ed his old job “boring trips to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC”.
2) He
thought that there are far more job satisfaction;
and believed that he was making money, rather
than making money for other
people.
3)
He
was
about to
diversify
into
commercial
distribution
of
imported
and
domestically
produced
wine and wines he’s
produced himself.
【原文】
William Rudd, 54, worked for ICI
petrochemicals for 20 years until 1980 when he
took early
retirement with &70,000. He
opened his own delicatessen and butcher's shop in
Kensington and has
just bought a second
London shop.
I knew about a year before I left that I was going to go, so I looked around for office jobs. I had
整理范本
.
one
of
those
frustrating
periods
where
I
nearly
got
some
jobs
but
then
I
didn't.
Actually
it
was
a
dinner party
conversation which got me into the shop. A woman I
knew said she was going to open a
delicatessen and thought it sounded
fun. So ! said,
retailing would be
amusing, after a lifetime of industrial
selling.
We found that the lease of the building stipulated we had to keep it as a butcher's and I added
fish and cheese
and things like that. I ended up spending far more
than I'd ever intended.
I didn't really do much research, except for fish, about which I knew nothing. I was clearly going
to be the
person standing behind the counter filleting, so I
talked to one person who showed me a
little, supplied me, and kept me under
his wing for a little while. But it's quite easy
to learn about fish;
once you get used
to gutting salmon you're on your way. Meat is more
difficult; the skill is in the
butchery, so I employ people for that.
I had to learn about equipment by trial and
error.
I started in July
—
the worst time of the year for a shop like this
—
and the overdraft kept going
up. That was rather frightening because
there was no one between me and the bank manager.
My
reaction early on was that it was
bound to come right. At the same time I was deeply
involved and
rather
enjoying
myself.
It
was
my
own
little
baby
and
it
was
fun
to
serve
behind
the
counter
—
completely different from boring trips
to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC.
There was a lot
more hard work than I
was used to; I was working over the weekend doing
my books.
I remember my accountant saying to me when I was starting up,
mental
stimulation?
money: I couldn't
have conceived of doing this 20 years ago. It was
a great leap in the dark. I don't
know if I'm brave or foolish, or a bit
of both I suppose. But I do know that if I'd
listened to anyone I
would never have
done it.
Les Shield, 30, a boiler
technician, was made redundant from British Steel
at Consett in 1980.
145'th
Mike
Heywood, a
Consett
transport
manager made
redundant at the
same time,
he
started
British Brewing Products, manufacturing
beer kits and now diversifi2ing into wine
production.
I read a newspaper article about a company which had done quite well in home brew, and I
started to research
the market 18 months before the closure at
Consett. By the time the steelworks
were due to close I had a business plan
ready. We bought some products which we had made
for us
and went out into the wilds of
Yorkshire and Lancashire and sold them as a test.
It took two months
before we got any
repeat business and that was a nail-biting period.
It took another few months to
fend
premises
and
to
get
financial
assistance
from
BSC
industry
and
the
bank.
We
went
into
production in April 1981 manufacturing
home-brewing kits in a 1,500 sq ft factory.
Let's face it, in this area, there wasn't a lot of choice. You could sit and vegetate and spend your
redundancy
money,
you
could
move
away
and
find
new
employment,
or
you
could
use
your
redundancy money to sink or
swim.
We're swimming. We're
actually doing very well. I like being self-
employed; there's far more job
satisfaction. You know that at the end
of the day you're getting the full value,
personally, of the work
you
do.
That's
what
you're
in
business
for
—
to
make money,
rather
than
make money
for
other
people. It was obviously a
strain when I spent 5 days a week training, but
after 18 months, we were
able to afford
our first salesman.
I think my wife was happy for me to do what I've done. She accepted that there would be a
certain amount of
stress during the early days, but she probably
realized that if I was successful the
rewards would be there at the end of
the day.
We're
now
in
our
third
factory
since
we
started.
We
export
our
products
to
the
Republic
of
整理范本
.
Ireland,
Canada
and
America;
exports
account
for
20
percent
of
production.
Our
turnover
will
exceed &1 million for the
first time this year.
We're about
to
diversify
into commercial
distribution
of
imported
and
domestically
produced
wine and wines we're producing
ourselves. We employ 20 people at the moment but
that will rise to
70 in the next 3
months.
Task 11
【原文】
I could hear the
guard blowing his whistle, so I ran onto the
platform and up to the train. Luckily
someone saw me coming, a door opened,
and I jumped on while the train was moving out of
the
station. “Phew!” I thought. “That
was hard work!” I was sure the other passengers
could
hear my heart beating; it was so
loud, and I was in a cold sweat.
After a while, I recovered, and had a
look at the other passengers. The compartment was
full, but
I was the only one standing.
The people in the carriage turned their eyes away
as they noticed me
looking at them; all
except one, a beautiful woman sitting in the
corner. I saw her watching me in
the
mirror. Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had
seen me running for the train: maybe this
was my lucky day after all. I prepared
to say hello.
She spoke first,
however. “Would you like my seat?” she asked. “You
look rather ill.” That
was the day on
which I realized I was getting middle-aged.
Unit
4
Task
1
【答案】
1) They were orphans and had nobody to
support them.
2) Each boy was
given only one bowl of gruel for supper and no
more
—
far from enough.
3) They boys were so hungry that they
could not bear it any more. They decided that tone
of them
must ask the master for more
gruel. Olive Twist was chosen by casting
lots.
4) He never thought that
any boy would dare to ask for more food than the
given portion. Therefore,
he was both
surprised and angry on hearing
Oliver
’
s request.
5)
He
was
struck
on
the
head
by
the
master
and
pushed
out
of
the
room.
And
for
a
week Olive
remained prisoner in the cellar.
【原文】
Oliver Twist had
no parents and lived in the workhouse.
The room in which the boys had their food was a large stone hall. Each boy was given one
bowl of gruel and no more. The bowls
never needed washing. The boys polished them with
their
spoons. But still the boys were
hungry.
Oliver Twist and the other boys suffered from slow starvation for three months. At last they
got so wild with hunger that
one of the boys, who was tall for his age,
said:
and the boys believed
him. The boys gathered and thought of a
plan.
boy.
整理范本
.
for more.
So they cast lots. The lot fell to Oliver Twist. He had to go up to the master and ask for more
gruel.
The evening came. The boys took their places and quickly ate up their gruel. Then they looked
at
Oliver. He rose from his place, bowl and spoon in
hand, went up to the master and said,
sir, I want some more.
Oliver repeated:
The master struck Oliver on the head
and pushed him out of the room.
For a week Oliver remained a prisoner
in the cellar.
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) F
2) F
3) T
B.
1) d
2) b
【原文】
Mark
Twain
was
a
famous
American
writer.
There
were
many
stories
about
him.
One
day
Mark
Twain was
fishing. A stranger came along.
Mark Twain paused a minute. Then he asked:
Task 3
【答案】
A.
Name: Lewis Carroll
Occupation: mathematics; Oxford
University
Literary works:
Alice
’
s Adventures in Wonderland
; 1865;
Through the Looking-Glass
;
1871
B.
These
stories
are
about
a
dream
world
in
which
Alice
meets
strange
creatures
and
has
interesting
adventures.
【原文】
整理范本
.
Which would you rather be?
A mathematician or a writer? Perhaps you will
never be faced with
this
kind
of
choice.
Lewis
Carroll
was
both
a
mathematician
and
a
writer.
He
was
a
lecturer
in mathematics
at
Oxford
University.
But
he
is
better
known
as
the
author
of
two
of
the
most
famous
children
’
s
books
that
have
ever
been
written:
Alice
’
s
Adventures
in
Wonderland
and
Through
the
Looking- Glass
.
The
author
’
s
real
name
was
Charles
Lutwidge
Dodgson,
but
he
preferred
to
use
the
pen-name
“
Lewis
Carroll
”
when
he
wrote
Alice
’
s
Adventures
in
Wonderland
and
this is the name we remember him by.
Alice
’
s Adventures in Wonderland
was published in 1865, when
its author was 33 years old; it
was
followed by
Through the Looking-Glass
in 1871. Both books were written for a
real girl called
Alice, but they have
been read by millions of children since they were
first published. These stories
are
about a dream world in which Alice meets strange
creatures and has interesting adventures .
I
’
m
sure you know this
already, but if you don
’
t, you had better read the stories yourselves.
Task 4
【答案】
the Greeks, closed the gates of the
city and stayed behind the walls, the Greeks, a
huge wooden horse,
hide inside it, the
horse, they stopped, hid their ships, Greek
prisoner, the horse, The Greek soldiers,
the wooden horse
【原文】
Many, many years
ago there was a war between the Greeks and the
Trojans. The Greek ships
sailed up to
the city of Troy. When the Trojans saw the Greek
ships, they closed the gates of their city
and stayed behind the walls. The Greeks
attacked the city many times, but could not take
it. Then one
of the Greeks thought of a
plan. The Greeks made a big wooden horse and had
some soldiers hide
inside
the
horse.
In
the
morning
the
Greeks
burned
their
camps
and
sailed
away.
Only
the
big
wooden horse remained in front of the
city gate.
But the Greek ships did not sail far. The Greeks stopped at a place near Troy, where the Trojans
could not see them,
and hid their ships. At first the Trojans wanted
to burn the wooden horse, but a
Greek
prisoner said,
The horse was very big, and the Trojans could not bring it in through the gate. They had to
make
a
hole
in
the
wall.
Then
they
brought
the
wooden
horse
into
the
city.
The
next
day
was
a
holiday in Troy. At
night all the Trojan soldiers fell asleep after a
heavy festive drinking.
The Greek ships came back to Troy in the night. When everything was quiet, the Greek soldiers
came out of the
wooden horse and opened the gates of the city. The
Greek army came into the city,
killed
many Trojans and took the city.
Task
5
【答案】
A.
1) c
2) a
B.
1) All the animals
thought that he was the king of beasts. Actually
he was a coward. He was afraid of
human
beings and other big animals. He roared only to
scare them away and never really hurt them.
2) Dorothy and her dog wanted to get
back to Kansas. The Scarecrow wanted some brains
and the
Tinman wanted a heart. The Lion
wanted to have courage.
整理范本
.
【原文】
The
following
story has been
taken
from
The
Wonderful
Wizard
of
Oz written by
L.
Frank
Baum
in 1900. The book is a modern fairy tale and is
one of the great favorites of American
children.
One
day
a
tornado
carried
away
Dorothy
and
her
dog
Toto
from
their
home
in
Kansa
sand
landed
them
in
the
wonderful
land
of
Oz.
Here
they
made
friends
with
two
strange
fellows,
a
scarecrow and
a tin man. The four were now on their way to the
Emerald City where the Great Oz
lived.
Just as the
Tinman
spoke
there came
from
the
forest a terrible
roar, and
the
next
moment a
great Lion rushed into the road. With
one blow of his paw he knocked the Scarecrow to
the edge of
the road, and then he hit
the Tinman with his sharp claws. But, to the
Lion's surprise, he could make
no mark
on the tin, though the Tinman fell over in the
road and lay still.
Little Toto, now that he had an enemy to face, ran barking towards the Lion. The great beast
had
opened
his
mouth
to
bite
the
dog.
Dorothy
feared
that
Toto
would
be
killed.
She
forgot
all
danger and rushed forward.
She slapped the Lion upon his nose as hard as she
could, and cried out:
dog!
help it?
him upon his feet, while she
patted him into shape again.
around
so. Is the other one stuffed also?
shiver min down my back. What is
that little animal you are so kind to?
biting such a small, little
thing except a coward like me,
was as
big as a small horse.
forest expect me to be
brave, for the Lion is everywhere thought to be
the King of Beasts. I learned
that if I
roared very loudly every living thing was afraid
and got out of my way. Whenever I've met a
man I've been very much frightened; but
I just roared at him, and he has always min away
as fast as
he could go. If the
elephants, tigers and bears ever tried to fight
me, I would run away
—
I'm such a
coward; but just as soon as they hear
me roar, they all try to get away from me, and of
course I let
them go.
整理范本
.
sorrow,
and it makes my life very unhappy. But whenever
there is danger, my heart begins to
beat fast.
my part, I have
no heart; so I can't have heart disease.
is stuffed with straw.
beasts. I think they must be
more cowardly than you if they allow you to scare
them so easily.
myself to be a coward I
shall be unhappy.
So once more the little company set off upon the journey. The Lion walked at Dorothy's side.
Toto
did
not
like
the
Lion
at
first,
because
he
could
not
forget
how
nearly
he
had
been
crushed
between the Lion's great
jaws; but after a time he became more at ease, and
before long Toro and the
Cowardly Lion
became good friends.
Task
6
【答案】
A.
1) Civil
War
2) first, equality
3) battlefields, bloodiest
4) ordinary
B.
1) d
2) c
【原文】
Walt Whitman is
often called the poet of American democracy. He
lived during the American
Civil War,
and he admired President Abraham Lincoln very
much.
Whitman was the first American poet who wrote about tree equality among all people. In a
poem called
He
wrote:
整理范本
.
In the same poem Whitman spoke up for women. He wrote:
He also wrote:
men and
women.
Whitman
understood
war
and
the
results
of
war.
He
worked
in
a
hospital,
taking
care
of
wounded men. In a
description of northern soldiers who had returned
from prisons in the south he
wrote:
sight
is
worse
than
any
sight
of
battlefields
or
any
collection
of
wounded,
even
the
bloodiest.
Whitman was the first important American poet to write about ordinary people, using ordinary
language.
Task
7
【答案】
A.
1) A red,
red rose
that’
s newly spring in June and the melody that
’
s sweetly played in tune.
2) He will love her
till all the seas are dried and the rocks melt in
the sun. his love will last as long as
the sands of life run(there is life on
earth).
3) Yes, he is, and he
will come back no matter how far it is.
B.
June---tune
I---dry
sun ---run
while ---mile
【原文】
O, my love is
like a red, red rose,
That is newly
sprung in June.
O, my love is like the
melody,
That is sweetly played in tune.
As fair are you, my lovely
lass,
So deep in love am I,
And I will love you still, my Dear,
Till all the seas go dry.
Till all the seas go dry, my Dear,
And the rocks melt with the sun!
O I will love you still, my Dear,
While the sands of life shall
run.
And fare you
well, my only Love,
And fare you well a
while!
And I will come again, my Love,
Although it were ten thousand
mile!
Task
8
【答案】
整理范本
.
1)
Tall stories, that is, unlikely ones.
2) Because he wanted to be a member of
a certain club.
3) He went there
because he was told that a lion came there each
evening to drink water.
4)
Sixteen times.
5) He killed
sixteen lions.
【原文】
A famous French writer who wrote many
books about England and the English people once
wrote about the Englishman's fondness
for improbable or tall stories. In one of his
books about the
First World War, an
English priest tells the following story:
He
had
wanted
to
become
a
member
of
a
certain
club
in
Africa.
In
order
to
become
a
member, each person had to shoot at
least one lion. The priest had never shot an
animal in his life.
So, armed with a
rifle and accompanied by a young African boy, the
priest set out one evening for a
pool
in the jungle where he was told a lion came each
evening to drink. He waited patiently for a few
hours until shortly before midnight
when he heard a rustling noise. Sure enough a few
yards away the
head of a lion appeared
above a bush that separated the priest and the
pool. He aimed and fired. The
head of
the lion immediately fell behind the bush but a
moment later reappeared. So the priest aimed
and fired again. The head of the lion
immediately fell behind the bush but a moment
later reappeared.
The priest fired
again: the same result. He remained calm because
he knew he had brought sixteen
bullets
with him. After his fourth attempt his aim seemed
to become more and more inaccurate. In
fact, after his fifteenth attempt the
African boy had to warn him,
miss this
time, we are in trouble.
The priest then realized how serious the situation was, so he took a deep breath, aimed very
carefully and fired. They waited a
moment, then slowly counted up to twenty: the head
of the lion did
not reappear. The
priest was certain that at last he had shot his
lion. They rushed forward together to
the spot behind the bush. And what do
you think they found? Sixteen lions.
Task
9
【答案】
I.
a young prince who lived on land
A. rose to the surface of the sea and
waited for the prince to come to her
B. never came
II.
a witch
A. changed her
fish
’
s tail into a pair of human legs
B. she gave the witch her
tongue
III.
the prince
’
s palace
A.
her feet hurt terribly
B.
didn
’
t love her
Ⅳ.
a young princess
A. drive back into the sea
B. a spirit of the air and lived
forever
【原文】
Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark.
In Copenhagen harbor, you can see a statue of the
Little
整理范本
.
Mermaid. I wonder if you know her
story. It's a sad one.
That Little Mermaid fell in love with a young prince who lived on the land. Every night she
used to rise up
to the surface of the sea and sit staring at his
palace, waiting for him to come to her.
But he never came.
Finally she visited a witch. The witch changed her fish's tail into a pair of human legs so that
she
could go and live on land. But in return, the
Little Mermaid had to give her tongue to the
witch,
so that she could never sing or
speak again. She loved the prince so much that she
gave it happily.
She went and lived in the prince's palace, and every night, she danced for him, although her
strange
new feet caused her terrible pain. But she didn't
mind the pain. She waited and waited for the
prince to fall in love with her.
But, although the prince liked the Little Mermaid very much, he didn't love her. He fell in love
with a young princess and they got
married. On their wedding night, the Little
Mermaid sadly dived
back into the sea.
She had no tail now, only legs, and she thought
that she would die. She didn't die,
though. Because of her kind heart, she
became a spirit of the air and lived
forever.
Task
10
【答案】
A.
1) b
2) c
3) b
4) a
5) a
B.
No. 1[e]
No. 2 [b]
No. 3
[a]
No.4 [d]
No.5 [c]
【原文】
1) A wolf thought that by disguising
himself as a sheep he could get enough to eat. So
he put on a
sheepskin and joined the
flock without being discovered. At sunset the
shepherd shut him with the
sheep in the
fold. Then he felt hungry, so he picked up his
knife and killed one of the sheep for his
supper. But it was the wolf that he
killed.
2) A bird in a cage at a window used to sing during the night. A bat which heard her came up
and asked why she never
sang by day, but only by night. She explained that
there was a good reason:
she was caught
while she was singing in the daytime, and this had
taught her a lesson.
careful before one
is caught, not after,
3) Monkeys are said to have a strange habit. When twins are born to them, the mother will take
care of only
one of the twins. She will hold it tightly to her
breast and neglect the other. But the one
taken care of will die because it
cannot breathe freely, while the neglected one
will grow up strong
and healthy.
4) A gnat alighted on a bull's horn. After it had stayed there a long time and felt like moving on,
it asked the bull if he
would like it to go now.
I shall not
notice if you go.
5) A reed and an olive tree were quarrelling one day. They wanted to see which one was the
stronger. Finally the olive tree said
to the reed,
the reed did not say a
word. Before long a storm arose. The reed was
tossed about and bent by the
winds, but
it was not hurt. The olive tree stood bravely
against the storm and was broken by its
force.
Task
11
【答案】
整理范本
.
I.
A. struck a rock
and began to break up.
B. sank
too
C. had survived
II.
A. he was tied
very firmly by a large number of fine
ropes.
B. about forty little men
shot at him with their arrows, which hurt like
needles.
C. the little men gave
him all the bread, meat and wine they had.
III.
was seven feet
by three feet, equipped with twenty-two wheels and
pulled by fifteen hundred little
horses
【原文】
Gulliver
was
travelling
by
ship.
The
ship
struck
a
rock
and
began
to
break
up.
Some
of
the
sailors and Gulliver got away in a
boat, but that sank too. In the end Gulliver was
the only person
who survived-who didn't
drown. He kept on swimming, and just managed to
reach land. By that time
it was already
evening. Gulliver kept on walking, but by then he
was so exhausted that he lay down
on
the grass, and fell sound asleep.
He slept until the following morning. When he woke up, he could not move. His arms and
legs were tied to the ground,
very firmly, and so was his hair. There were a
large number of very fine,
thin ropes
across his body, he discovered, and these
prevented him from moving.
Gulliver could just manage to look down his body
—
that was all he could do
—
and there he
saw,
advancing up his body, about forty little men.
These little men were only about six inches high.
They were dressed as soldiers, and each
one carried a bow and arrow. Gulliver shouted out,
and when
he did this, all the soldiers
ran away, though they gradually came back
again.
Gulliver decided to try to escape. He managed to break some of the ropes, and he was also
able to free his head. But when he
began to move, the soldiers shot at him with their
arrows. These
arrows were small but
sharp like needles, and they hurt Gulliver. He
decided to keep still and when he
did
so, the soldiers stopped shooting at him with
their arrows.
By this time Gulliver was feeling very hungry, so he put his finger to his mouth, to show the
little
people
that
he
needed
food.
They
understood
this,
and
they
brought
him
bread
and
meat.
Gulliver ate all the bread and meat,
and then indicated that he was thirsty. Again he
was understood,
and the people brought
him wine. In fact Gulliver drank all the wine that
was available
—
all they
had.
After that one of the king's officers came up to Gulliver. He spoke to him, and indicated that he
had to go to the
city, to the capital of the island. This was what
the king had ordered. Guliver asked
to
be set free, but the officer refused. Gulliver
again thought of trying to escape, but he
remembered
those arrows which the
soldiers had shot at him, and he decided to do
nothing. In any case he soon
fell
asleep, because of all the wine he had
drunk.
While he was asleep, the people on the island made arrangements
—
got everything ready
—
to
take Gulliver to the capital. They
managed to get him on a cart which they had built
specially to take
him to the city. It
was seven feet long, and three feet wide, and it
had twenty-two wheels in all. It
took
about three hours to get Gulliver on the cart, and
fifteen hundred horses to pull the cart to the
city.
Task 12
整理范本
.
Aesop was a very clever man who lived
in Greece thousands of years ago. He wrote many
good
fables. He was known to be fond of
jokes. One day, as he was enjoying a walk he met a
traveler, who
greeted him and said,
“
Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall get to town?
”
“
Go,
”
Aesop answered.
“
I know I must go
”
, said the traveler,
“
but I should Like you to tell me how soon I shall
get to
town.
”
“
Go,
”
Aesop said again angrily.
“
This man must be mad,
”
the traveler thought and went on.
After
he
had
gone
some
distance,
Aesop
shouted
after
him,
“
You
will
get
to
town
in
two
hours.
”
The traveler turned around in astonishment.
“
Why didn
’
t you tell me that before?
”
he
asked.
“
How could I have told you before?
”
answered Aesop.
“
I did not know how fast you could
walk.
Unit
5
Task
1
【答案】
A.
1) People
’
s ideas on permanent education.
2) One
is an ordinary
“
man in the street
”
. The other is an educational psychologist.
3) The first
person thinks this idea of permanent education is
crazy.
He can
’
t understand people
who
want
to
spend
all
their
lives
in
school.
The
second
person
thinks
the
idea
of
permanent
education is
practical because people are never really too old
to go on learning.
B.
1) was; hated; stand; got out
2) all their lives
3)
certain limits; age limits
【原文】
Two people are
interviewed about their ideas on education. One is
an ordinary
street
The man in the street:
When I was at school, I hated it. I couldn't stand it. I wasn't happy until I got out. I think this
idea of permanent education is crazy. I
know some people go back to school when they're
older, go
to language classes at the
local
all their lives in school.
The educational psychologist:
The
idea
of
permanent
education
is
practical
because
we're
never
really
too
old
to
go
on
learning. Of
course, there are certain limits, but they aren't
age limits. For example, let's say a man
past sixty tries to learn how to play
football. It's foolish for him to do that, but
only because his body
is too old, not
his mind!
Task
2
【答案】
整理范本
.
A.
Age
Four
Five
Seven
Schooling
Nursery
School
The
Infants
’
School
The Junior School
B.
1) He stayed there
for a year.
2)
He
has
faint,
but
very
pleasant
memories
of
it.
He
had
fun
and
played
games---including
story-telling, drawing, singing and
dancing.
3) He began t have more
formal lessons and even worry about exams.
4) The exam was called the
“
Eleven Plus
”
. Students took the exam to see what kind of secondary
school they would get
into.
【原文】
John is talking to Martin about his
primary schooling.
Martin:
Did you go to a state primary school?
John: Yes, I did. I went to a nursery school first, at the age of four, but this was purely voluntary.
There was
a good kindergarten in our neighbourhood so my
parents decided to send me there
for a
year.
Martin: Can you still
remember it?
John: Yes, I have faint, but very pleasant memories of it. It was a delightful place, full of fun and
games. As in most nursery schools, work
—
if you can call it that
—
consisted of storytelling,
drawing, singing and dancing.
Martin: You probably don't remember but
you must have missed it when you left
—
you know, when
you went
to the Infants' School at the age of five.
John:
I
suppose
I
must
have,
but
you
know,
right
up
to
the
age
of
seven,
school
life
was
very
pleasant. It was only later
in the Junior School that we began to have more
formal lessons and
even worry about
exams.
Martin: Really? Did you
have to do exams at that age?
John: Yes, we used to then. We had to take an exam at the age of eleven called the
see
what
kind
of
Secondary
school
we
would
get
into.
But
this
exam
has
disappeared
nowadays.
Task
3
【答案】
A.
1) compulsory; the
ages of 5 and 16; state-funded; independent
2) available; at a nursery school; in
the nursery class at a primary school
3) preparatory; primary; aged 5 to
13
4) enter the state education
system; at the age of 5; secondary school
5) 7, 11, 13 or 16; gain admission at
11 or 13; the Common Entrance Examination
6) one further year; Advanced
Supplementary Examinations; Advanced Level
Examinations
7) classroom;
laboratory; work independently; undertake research
for projects
8) vocational;
conventional
整理范本
.
9) secondary education;
with A-levels; further; higher
B.
1) GCSE stand for
the General Certificate of Secondary Education. It
is normally take at the age of
sixteen.
2) Students
usually study form 8 to 12 subjects over two
years.
3) Some subjects take
account of the work students do throughout the
year, while others are assessed
entirely by examination.
【原文】
Education
in the
United
Kingdom
is
compulsory
for everyone
between
the
ages
of
five
and
sixteen, and is
provided by two kinds of schools: state-funded
schools and independent (fee-charging)
schools.
Children
education
Pre-school
or
pre-preparatory
education:
pre-school
education
is
available
in
both
the
independent and the state systems. Many
children start their education at the age of three
or four at a
nursery school or in the
nursery class at a primary school.
Preparatory
education:
in
the
independent
system,
preparatory
(or
primary)
education
is
available
for children aged 5 to 13.
Primary
education:
most
children
in
the
United
Kingdom
enter
the
state
education
system
when they go to primary school at the
age of five and generally move to secondary school
or college
at the age of 11.
Secondary
education
(including
the
General
Certificate
of
Secondary
Education
and
equivalents)
Most
pupils enter independent boarding schools at the
age of 7, 11, 13 or 16. To gain admission
at 11 or 13, some pupils sit an exam
called the Common Entrance Examination. At 16,
they enter the
school to study in its
sixth form (for A-levels and equivalent
qualifications).
All
UK
secondary
schools,
both
state
and
independent,
teach
pupils
at
least
until
the
age
of
sixteen and prepare them for the
General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)
or equivalent
qualifications.
Significant
numbers
of
international
students
enter
the
UK
secondary
education
system when they are
either eleven or thirteen. Many attend independent
boarding schools.
GCSEs in
vocational subjects are normally taken at the age
of 16. Following these, students can
do
one
further
year
of
academic
study
before
taking
Advanced
Supplementary
examinations
(AS-levels).
Alternatively,
there
are
career-based
qualifications,
such
as
General
National
Vocational
Qualifications (GNVQs) or vocational
A-levels, which can be taken after one or two
years of study.
All these courses give
access to university or further study.
Students usually study from 8 to 12 GCSE subjects over two years. Most students study a core
of statutory subjects and choose
additional subjects from a list.
On any GCSE course, you receive formal tuition in the classroom and laboratory but are also
encouraged to work independently and
undertake research for projects, often outside
school hours.
Educational visits,
either on your own
or as part of a small group, are often part of the timetable.
Some
subjects
take
account
of
the
work
you
do
throughout
the
year,
while
others
are
assessed
entirely
by
examination.
Examinations
are
independently
marked
and
graded.
GCSE
grades
range
from A (the highest) to G.
New GCSEs in vocational subjects are a career-based version of the GCSE. Eight subjects are
整理范本
.
available:
Art
and
Design,
Business,
Engineering,
Health
and
Social
Care,
Information
and
Communications
Technology
(ICT),
Leisure
and
Tourism,
Manufacturing,
and
Science.
One
vocational GCSE is equivalent to two
conventional GCSEs. As with other GCSEs, grades
range from
A (the highest) to G.
Sixth-formers usually finish
their secondary education at the age of eighteen
with A-levels or
equivalent
qualifications, then go on to study at either
further or higher education level.
Task
4
【答案】
A.
Topic of This Discussion: Corporal
Punishment
Interviewees
Position
Arguments/Reasons
on This Topic
For/Against
For
It
’
s difficult to teach children these days, when
many of them know they
won
’
t get jobs. It
’
s
hard
to
control
the
class
if
you
can
’
t
punish
them. Some children need
discipline.
It
always
has
been
difficult
to
be
a teacher.
But
you
don
’
t
have
to
use
violence.
It
’
s
impossible
to
teach
students
about
nonviolence
and
being
good
citizens
when
you
are
violent
yourself.
Its
’
impossible to teach the rest of the class of
you
have
one
student
who
constantly
misbehaves.
It
’
s bad for the others.
Kate
Rolf
Against
Jane
Raoul
Against
For
B.
1) F
2) F
【原文】
Kate: Yes, it's
difficult to teach children these days, when many
of them know they won't get jobs. It's
hard
to
control
the
class
if
you
can't
punish
them.
I
often
hit
them
with
a
ruler.
Of
course, in my part of Scotland we're
allowed to hit them, and I think it's necessary
—
some children need
discipline.
Interviewer: What do
you think, Rolf? I know you feel very strongly
about corporal punishment.
Rolf: I don't agree with Kate. I know it's difficult to be a teacher, but I think it always has been.
But you don't have to use violence.
It's impossible to teach students about non-
violence
and being good citizens when
you are violent yourself.
Interviewer: What do the Welsh think,
Jane? Rolf thinks corporal punishment is
wrong.
Jane: Yes, I think so too.
Interviewer: And Raoul?
Raoul: Well, I think it's sometimes necessary. When one child constantly disobeys, you have to
beat him, or else send him away
—
maybe to a special school. It's impossible to teach
the rest of the
class if you have one student who constantly
misbehaves. It's bad for the
整理范本
.
others.
Interviewer:
Did anyone beat you when you were at
school?
Raoul: Well...
Task
5
【答案】
A.
1) Because the television
program by that name can now be seen in many parts
of the world.
2) This program is
very popular among children. Some educators object
to certain elements in
the
program. Parents praise it highly. Many
teachers also consider it a great help, though
some teachers
find that problems arise
when first graders who have learned from
“
Sesame Street
”
are in the
same class with children who have
not watched the program.
3) In
order to increase the number of children who can
watch it regularly.
4)
1. The reasons may include the
educational theories of its creators, the support
by both government
and private
businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of
TV tricks
2.
Perhaps
an
equally
important
reason
is
that
mothers
watch
“
Sesame
Street
”
along
with
their
children. This
is partly because famous adult stars often appear
on
“
Sesame Street
”
.
3. The
best reason for the success of the program may be
that it makes every child watching it feel
able to learn. The child finds himself
learning, and he wants to learn more.
B.
1) six million;
regularly; half; economic; racial;
geographical
2) fifty; Spanish;
Portuguese; German; one hundred thousand; English;
every two weeks
3) songs;
stories; jokes; pictures; numbers; letters; human
relationships
【原文】
Sesame Street
program by that
name can now be seen in so many parts of the
world. That program became one of
America
’
s exports soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969.
In the United States more
than six million children watch the program
regularly. The viewers
include more
than half the nation
’
s pre-school children, from every kind of economic, racial, and
geographical group.
Although some educators object to
certain elements in the program,
parents praise it highly.
Many
teachers
consider
it
a
great
help,
though
some
teachers
find
that
problems
arise
when
first
graders who have learned
from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with
children who have not
watched the
program.
Tests have shown that children from
all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have
benefited from
watching
occasional viewers. In the
United States the program is shown at different
hours during the week in
order to
increase the number of children who can watch it
regularly.
In its American form
based on
show in Japan buy one hundred thousand
booklets with translations of the English sound
track every
two weeks.
The program uses songs, stories, jokes and pictures to give children a basic understanding of
整理范本
.
numbers,
letters
and
human
relations.
But
there
are
some
differences.
For
example,
the
Spanish
program,
produced
in
Mexico
City,
devotes
more
time
to
teaching
whole
words
than
to
teaching
separate letters.
Why
has
Street
been
so
much
more
successful
than
other
children's
shows?
Many
reasons have
been suggested. People mention the educational
theories of its creators, the support by
the
government
and
private
businesses,
and
the
skillful
use
of
a
variety
of
TV
tricks.
Perhaps
an
equally
important
reason
is
that
mothers
watch
Street
along
with
their
children.
This
is
partly
because
famous
adult
stars
often
appear
on
Street
But
the
best
reason
for
the
success of the program may be that it
makes every child watching it feel able to learn.
The child finds
himself learning, and
he wants to learn more.
Task
6
【答案】
A.
1) It is
to have all public schools connected to the
Internet computer system
and have computers
available for all students.
2) Its web site provides information
about the school, the teacher and their mail
addresses. It also
lists student events
and organizations.
3) They learn
numbers and letters. They also learn how to use
the computers they will need later in
their education.
B.
1) 1994; 35%; Last
year; 89%
2) universities;
colleges; urge; require
【原文】
One of the goals
of American education officials is to have all
public schools connected to the
Internet
computer
system
and
have
computers
for
all
students.
Government
studies
show
that
in
1994
only
35
percent
of
American
public
schools
were
connected
to
the
Internet.
Last
year,
that
number reached 89
percent.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is a large university in the southern state of
Virginia.
Officials
at
Virginia
Tech
say
computers
are
very
important
to
a
student's
education.
All
students at Virginia Tech have been
required to have a computer since 1998.
Each student's living area at Virginia Tech has the necessary wires to link a computer to the
Internet.
The
students
can
send and
receive
electronic
mail,
use
the World
Wide Web
part of
the
Internet
and
link
with
other
universities,
all
without
leaving
their
rooms.
They
can
also
use
their
computers to send
electronic copies of their school work to their
teachers. And they can search for
books
in the school's huge library.
Most major American universities and colleges strongly urge or require new students to have a
computer. Most
colleges and universities also have large rooms
where students can use computers for
classwork.
American
high
schools
also
have
computers.
Many have
their
own
areas
on
the
World
Wide
Web.
If
you
have
a
computer
you
can
learn
about
Fremont
Union
High
School
in
Sunnyvale,
California, for example. Its web site
provides information about the school, the
teachers and their
electronic mail
addresses. It also lists student events and
organizations.
Young children also use computers in school. Smoketree Elementary School, in Lake Havasu,
整理范本
.
Arizona is a good example.
The school also has a World Wide Web site. It
tells about the school and
the teachers
and has an area for young children. These young
children use computers in school to
learn
numbers
and
letters.
They
also
learn
how
to
use
the
computers
they
will
need
later
in
their
education.
Task
7
【答案】
A.
I.
spoken; written
A. saying poetry aloud; giving
speeches
B. advanced degrees;
field of study; custom; candidates;
doctor
’
s degree
II.
written
A.
nineteenth
B. the great increase
in population; the development of modern
industry
C.
1.
objective;
personal
opinions;
memory
of
facts
and
details;
range
of
knowledge;
a
fairer
chance;
easier; quicker;
learning
2.
essay;
ling
answers;
broad
general
questions;
the
element
of
luck;
put
facts
together
into
a
meaningful whole; really knowing much
about the subject; have trouble expressing their
ideas in essay
form;
examiner
’
s feelings at the time of reading the answer.
III.
unsatisfactory; along with
B.
b
【原文】
In ancient time
the most important examinations were spoken, not
written. In the schools of
ancient
Greece and Rome , testing usually consisted of
saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In
the
European
universities
of
the
Middle
Ages,
students
who
were
working
for
advanced
degrees had to discuss questions in
their field of study with people who had made a
special study of
the
subject.
This
custom
exists
today
as
part
of
the
process
of
testing
candidates
for
the
doctor's
degree.
Generally,
however,
modern
examinations
are
written.
The
written
examination,
where
all
students
are
tested
on
the
same
question,
was
probably
not
known
until
the
nineteenth
century.
Perhaps it came into
existence with the great increase in population
and the development of modern
industry.
A
room
full
of
candidates
for
a
state
examination,
timed
exactly
by
electric
clocks
and
carefully watched over by managers,
resembles a group of workers at an automobile
factory. Certainly,
during examinations
teachers and students are expected to act like
machines. There is nothing very
human
about the examination process.
Two types of tests are commonly used in
modern schools. The first type sometimes called an
“
objective
”
test. It is intended to deal with facts., not personal opinions. To make up an objective
test
the teacher writes a series of questions, each of
which has only one correct answer. Along with
each question the teacher writes the
correct answer and also three statements that look
like answers
to students who have not
learned the material properly.
For testing a student's memory of facts and details, the objective test has advantages. It can be
整理范本
.
scored very quickly by the teacher or
even by a machine. In a short time the teacher can
find out a
great deal about the
student's range of knowledge.
For testing some kinds of learning,
however, such a test is not very satisfactory. A
lucky student
may guess the correct
answer without really knowing the material. For a
clearer picture of what the
students
knows, most teachers use another kind of
examination in addition to objective tests. They
use
“
essay
”
tests, which require students to write long answer to broad general questions.
One
advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the
element of luck. The student cannot get a
high score just by making a lucky
guess. Another advantage is that it shows the
examiner more about
the student’s
ability to put facts together into a meaningful
whole. It should show how deeply he
has
thought about the subject. Sometimes, though,
essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students
are able
to write
rather
good
answers
without
really
knowing much
about
the
subject,
while
other
students who actually know
the material have trouble expressing their ideas
in the essay form.
Besides, on an essay test the student's
score may depend upon the examiner's feelings at
the
time of reading the answer. If he
is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive
a lower score than
he should. Another
examiner reading the same answer might give it a
much higher mark. From this
standpoint
the objective test gives each student a fairer
chance, and of course it is easier and quicker
to score.
Most
teachers and students would probably agree that
examinations are unsatisfactory. Whether
an objective test or an essay test is
used, problems arise. When some objective
questions are used
along
with
some
essay
questions,
however,
a
fairly
clear
picture
of
the
student's
knowledge
can
usually be obtained.
Task 8
Americans know
that higher education is the key to the growth
they need to lift their country,
and
today that is more true than ever. Just listen to
these facts. Over half the new jobs created in the
last three years have been managerial
and professional jobs.
The new jobs require a higher level of
skills.
Fifteen years ago the typical worker
with a college degree made 38 percent more than a
worker
with a high school diploma.
Today that figure is 73 percent more. Two years of
college means a 20
percent increase
annual earnings. People who finish two years of
college earn a quarter of a million
dollars more tan their high school
counterparts over a lifetime.
Unit
6
Task
1
【答案】
A.
[
d]
—
[b]
—
[a ]
—
[e]
—
[c]
B.
a
【原文】
Laura usually
leaves the offices of Quest Productions at about 5
o'clock, but last Monday she left at
5:30. She wanted to get home by 6:30
and she ran to the bus stop but she couldn't get
on a bus.
There were too many people
and not enough buses. Laura was desperate to get
home so she decided
to go by
tube.
In the station she went to one of the automatic ticket machines but she didn't have enough
整理范本
.
change,
so
she
had
to
join
the
queue
at
the
ticket
window.
She
bought
her
ticket
and
ran
to
the
escalator.
Laura
went
to
the
platform
and
waited
for
the
tube.
It
arrived
and
the
crowd
moved
forward.
Laura was pushed into the train. It was almost full but she was given a seat by a man with a
moustache.
Laura thanked him and sat down. She started to
read her newspaper. In the tunnel the
train stopped suddenly and Laura was
thrown to the floor together with the man with the
moustache.
Somebody screamed. The
lights went out. It was quarter past 6 on a cold,
wet December evening.
Task
2
【答案】
A.
1) a
2) b
3) d
4) c
B.
1) T
2) T
3) F
C.
wondered; television plays; exciting;
every cigarette lighter; tape recorder; held in a
certain way; the
touch of a gold ring
against the hand of; reveal; How wrong they
were
【原文】
X
was a secret agent. He had rented a furnished room
in a provincial town not far from the
public park and had been there two
weeks. He was standing at the window looking out
at the dull
beds of geraniums, the park
gates and the cold, uninviting statue of Queen
Victoria that stood across
the street
from him, It was raining hard and the few people
who passed by looked wet and miserable.
X was miserable, too. How, he wondered,
could anybody think there was anything interesting
about
the life of a secret agent? He
knew it was because people had seen so many
television plays about
glamorous spies
that they thought the life of a secret agent was
exciting. They were convinced that
every
cigarette
lighter
concealed
a
secret
tape
recorder;
that
a
fountain
pen
held
in
a
certain
way
would open a locked door, that the
touch of a gold ring against the hand of an enemy
would make
him reveal all his secrets.
How wrong they were! He looked round his room. The
wallpaper was in the
worst possible
taste, the pictures horrible, the carpet worn,
dirty and faded; and he was cold. This was
the third Monday he had come to the
window to look out. He prayed it would be the
last.
As if in answer to his prayer, a certain meeting he had been sent to investigate was about to
take place. He took out
his camera. Just beneath the statue two women had
stopped to speak. He
knew one of them,
and it was she who pointed in his direction. The
other woman looked up towards
him and
in that brief moment he photographed her.
Task
3
【答案】
A.
Names
Harry
Nora
Robert
Peter
整理范本
Ideal Careers
Sailor
Farmer(if she
were a man)
Civil
engineer
Racing driver or
explorer
.
B.
1) a
2) b
3) c
4) b
5) d
【原文】
Harry: Well, Robert, have you made up
your mind yet what you want to do when you leave
college?
Nora: Oh Harry. Surely
he's a bit young to decide on his career. He
hasn't even got to college yet.
Harry: Not at all, Nora. It's wisest to
decide in good time. Look at me, for example. I
really wanted to
be a sailor, but now I
spend my days sitting at a desk in an office. Yes,
it's silly to train for the
wrong job.
And after all, Robert will be going to college
soon.
Nora: Now if I were a man I'd be a farmer. To see the crops growing--that's my idea of a good life.
Harry: Yes, and to see the money rolling in is more important still.
Robert: Well, that's not the way I look
at it, Dad. It's the job I care about, not the
money.
Harry: Maybe not; but you'll learn to care about the money too, when you've got a family to keep.
Nora: And of course Peter
—
well, he's keen to be a racing driver, or else an explorer.
Robert: Oh, Peter's not old enough to
make up his mind about such things.
Harry: You haven't answered my question yet, Robert. What would you like to do?
Nora: Are you sure you don't want to be a farmer, Robert? Or a market gardener?
Robert: No,
I'm sorry Mum, but I don't want to at all. I'd
rather be a civil engineer. I want to build
roads and bridges.
Harry: Not ships? Isn't it better to be a shipbuilding engineer?
Robert:
Look here, is it my career we're planning, or
yours?
Harry: All fight, all right, there's no need to lose your temper. But you'd better win that scholarship
first.
Task
4
【答案】
I.
correspondents; columnist
A. may
not need either
B. to go to
places where events take place and write stories
about them
II.
first; bigger; better; who will soon leave to work for other people
III.
working hours; free time; work long hours to begin with
【原文】
Here
are some of the things a young man or woman should
not do when he first asks an editor
for
a job:
He should not tell the editor that he wants to be a foreign correspondent or a columnist. Very
probably
the
editor
does
not
need
either.
He
wants
a
reporter
who
will
go
to
such
places
as
government
offices and
police
stations
and
write
a
true story
of
what
is
happening
there.
Being
a
foreign correspondent or a columnist
will come later.
A young person should not tell tile editor that newspaper work is only the first step on the
way
to bigger and better jobs, such as those in
government. The editor must take a lot of time and
trouble
teaching
someone
to
be
a
good
newspaperman
or
woman.
He
does
not
like
the
idea
of
teaching people who are soon going to
leave him to work for someone else.
A young journalist should accept the working hours and free time the editor gives him. As a
整理范本
.
new journalist, it is very probable
that he will work longer hours than others and
work on weekends.
The
editor
did
the
same
when
he
was
a
young
newspaperman
with
no
experience.
He
expects
a
journalist to understand how
things are on a newspaper.
Task
5
【答案】
A.
1) acd
2) abe
B.
1) she is
the wrong sex
2) she wears the wrong clothes
【原文】
SYLVIA: We've got a new manager in our
department.
LARRY: Oh? You hoped to get that job, didn't you?
SYLVIA: Yes, I did.
LARRY: I'm sorry. That's too bad. Who is it? Who got the job, I mean?
SYLVIA: Someone called Drexler. Carl Drexler. He's been with the company only two years.
I've been here longer. And I
know more about the job, too!
LARRY: Hmm. Why do you think they gave
it to him and not to you?
SYLVIA: Because I'm the wrong sex, of course !
LARRY: You mean you didn't get the job because you're a woman?
SYLVIA: Yes, that was probably it! It isn't fair.
LARRY: What sort of clothes does he wear?
SYLVTA: A dark suit. White shirt. A tie. Why?
LARRY: Perhaps that had something to do with it.
SYLVIA:
You
mean
you
think
I
didn't
get
the
job
because
I
come
to
work
in
jeans
and
a
sweater?
LARRY: It's possible, isn't it?
SYLVIA: Do you really think I should wear different clothes?
LARRY: Well. . . perhaps you should think about it.
SYLVTA: Why should I wear a skirt? Or a dress?
LARRY: I'm not saying you should. I'm saying you should think about it. That's all!
SYLVIA: Why should I do that? I'm good at my job! That's the only important thing!
LARRY: Hmm. Perhaps it should be the only important thing. But it isn't. Not inthis company.
Task
6
【答案】
A.
1st
man
Former Jobs
Car salesman
When
Laid-off
Recently
Why Laid-off
Low
sales,
due
to
the
increase
of
interest
rates
Plant
moved
to
Singapore
where
workers are paid much
2
nd
man
Worker
at
a
vacuum
10 months ago
cleaner
plant
整理范本
.
less
B.
1
st
speaker(bcd)
2
nd
speaker(ae)
C.
1) F
2) F
【原文】
Al: Is
this the right line to file a claim?
Bob: Yeah. It's the same line for
everything. You just stand here and wait.
Al: Oh. Is there always such a long line?
Bob: Every week.
Sometimes longer. Is this your first time
here?
Al: Yes.
Bob: What happened? Your plant closed
down?
Al: No. I'm a car salesman, or, I was a car salesman. But we just aren't selling cars. It's the interest
rates. Two years ago, I averaged ten
new cars a month. Do you know how many cars I sold
last
month? One. One car to a lady who
had the cash. But the interest rates are up again.
The boss
let three of us go. How about
you?
Bob: I worked at a vacuum
cleaner plant with about fifty workers. We put in
a good day's work. But
the machinery
was getting old. As a matter of fact, the whole
plant was old. So the management
decided to build a new plant. You know
where? In Singapore. The workers here made about
seven dollars an hour, a couple of
people made eight
or nine an hour. You know how much
they're paying the workers in
Singapore? $$2.50 an hour! Anyway, all fifty of us
got laid off.
Al: How long ago was that?
Bob: They
closed down ten months ago.
Al: Any luck finding another job?
Bob: Nothing. I have one, sometimes
two, interviews a week. Last week I thought I had
something.
They liked my
experience with machines. But I never heard from
them again.
Al: At least you know something about machines. All I can do is talk.
Bob: Maybe you'll talk
yourself into another job. Good luck. I'll see you
here next week.
Al: I hope not. I hope I'll have something by then.
Task
7
【答案】
A.
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) T
6) F
B.
1) According to
the first speaker, it is frustrating because the
teacher cannot see clearly the results of
his efforts.
2)
According to the second speaker, English language
teaching is a good job, because it guarantees a
stable
income
and
regular
working
hours
and
means
less
pressure.
He
also
likes
the
way
elderly
teacher are.
【原文】
Interviewer: Do
you prefer what you're doing to teaching?
整理范本
.
John Smith: Yes, one of the things I
found a bit frustrating about teaching was that it
was rather,
very intangible than um,
especially if you're teaching in England and most
of the students know quite
a
lot
of
English
before
they
arrive.
They
learn
a
lot
of
English
outside
the
classroom,
in
pubs
or
coffee shops or other places,
with the families they're living with. It's very
difficult to pin down how
much they
learn from your actual lesson, whereas in
marketing um, again there are lots of areas that
are
gray
rather than black or
white,
but
there are quite a few other areas where one can
see
quite
clearly the results of
one's efforts.
Interviewer: What
did you do after you quit your job in
advertising?
Second Man: In
fact, I became a journalist and I worked as a
freelance. I didn't have a full-time job
with any newspaper. I just had to
contribute things as they came along and 1 wrote
for
magazines, and I did quite a lot of
broadcasting for the VOA. Well, this was in a way
the opposite of advertising because I
enjoyed it a lot but I found it very hard to earn
enough money to live on.
Interviewer: And then you decided to be a teacher?
Second
Man: Well, and so I thought. Well, I must do
something which produces an income that I can
be sure of. While I was working as a
journalist I had done an article for a magazine
about the English language teaching
world and m fact I had come to the school where
I now teach as a journalist and
interviewed a lot of the people. And I thought it
seemed
a very nice place and I thought
that the classes I visited had a very, very nice
feeling
about them, and so I thought,
well, I'll see if they'll have me.
Interviewer: Why do you prefer teaching to advertising?
Second
Man: Well, partly because in teaching you work
regular hours. It I advertising you just had to
stay at the office until the work was
finished [I see.] and it could be three o'clock in
the
morning. [Oh, dean] Also you were
very often made to work at weekends. Often some
job would come up that was very
important and they said it had to be finished
—
it
had to go into the
newspapers next week.
Interviewer: So there was a lot mom pressure.
Second Man: There was
a lot more pressure in advertising. Also, the
people I worked with when I
was
first
in
advertising
were
young
hopeful
people
like
myself.
By
the
end
I
was
working with a lot of old people who
quite honestly were awful. And I kept looking at
them and saying,
whereas the
English language teachers I saw, who were older
people I thought, well,
they seemed
quite nice. And I wouldn't mind being like that
myself.
Task
8
【答案】
The interview with Michale:
Does he work?
Why or
why not?
No.
The work he used to do was not what
interested
him
and
what
he
likes
to
do
cannot
earn
him
enough money to support himself.
1) You do not have to get up it you
don
’
t feel
like
it.
2)
You
can
spend
your
time
on
the
things
you
What are the advantages of not having
to work?
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.
want to do.
Why does he feel justified in not
working?
The interview with
Chris:
What is the value of work
in the current society?
What are
the two main aspects of work?
Very
little
value
other
than
supporting
oneself
and ones family.
1) It is a bread-winning process.
2) The activities in it can be
valuable to society.
He
believes
he
does
things
which
are
enjoyable
for him and useful to
people and the community.
What
does he think of the work of a car factory
He
thinks
it
harmful
to
both
the
environment
worker?
and
the
society,
for
cars
add
to
pollution
and
consume the scarce
resources.
What does he think of
the work of a doctor?
What kind
of job does he do?
He thinks it
a valuable job in any society.
He is perhaps a university
teacher.
What does he think of
his work?
He
regarded
his
job
a
“
white
collar
”
job,
which he does with his mind
and receives mental
satisfaction from
it.
【原文】
Matthew:
Michael, do you go out to work?
Michael:
Not regularly, no. I... I used to; I used to have a job in a publishing company, but I
decided it wasn't really what I wanted to do and that what I wanted to do wouldn't earn me
much
money,
so
I
gave
up working and
luckily
I
had a private
income
from my
family
to
support me and now I do the things I
want to do. Some of them get paid like lecturing
and
teaching, and others don't.
Matthew: What are the advantages of not
having to go to work from nine till five?
Michael: Ah... there' re two advantages
really. One is that if you feel tired you don't
have to get up,
and the other is that
you can spend your time doing things you want to
do rather than being
forced to do the
same thing all the time.
Matthew: But surely that's in a sense
very self-indulgent and very lucky because most of
us have to
go out and earn our livings.
Do you feel justified in having this privileged
position?
Michael: Yes, because
I think I use it well. I do things which I think
are useful to people and the
community
and which I enjoy doing.
Matthew: Chris, what do you think the
value of work is?
Chris: Well,
I think in our present-day society, for most
people, work has very little value at all.
Most of us go out to work for about
eight to nine hours of our working day. We do
things
which are
either
totally
futile
and
totally
useless or
have very
little
justification
whatsoever,
and for most of us
the only reason for working is that we need to
keep ourselves alive, to pay
for
somewhere to live, to pay to feed our children.
Matthew: But surely people
wouldn't know what to do if they didn't have to go
to work?
Chris: Well, again
this raises the sort of two main aspects of work.
Should we think of 'work only
as a sort
of bread-winning process, and this is very much
the role it has in current society, or
should
we
take
a
much
wider
perspective
on
work
and
think
of
all
the
possible
sort
of
activities
that
human
beings could
be
doing
during
the
day?
I
think
the
sort
of
distinction
currently is between say, someone who
works in a car factory and who produces cars which
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.
are
just adding to pollution, to over-consumption of
vital resources, who is doing something
which is very harmful, both to our
environment and to, probably society, to contrast
his work
with someone perhaps like a
doctor, who I think in any society could be
justified as doing a
very valuable job
and one which incidentally is satisfying to the
person who is doing it.
Matthew: What do you do? Is your job
just a breadwinning process or do you get some
satisfaction
out of doing it?
Chris: Well, in the job I do find that
most of the satisfaction is a mental one; it's
coming to grips
with the problems of my
subject and with the problems of teaching in the
University. Clearly
this is the type of
satisfaction that most people doing what we call
in England
jobs. This is quite
different from the sort of craftsman, who is
either working that his hands
or with
his skills on a machine, or from people perhaps
who are using artistic skills, which are
of
a
quite
different
character.
Certainly
it's
becoming
a
phenomena
that
people
who
do
jobs
during
the
day,
who work
with
their minds
to
some extent,
people
who
work on
computers, people who are office clerks, bank
employees, these people have fairly
soul-destroying jobs which nevertheless
don't involve much physical effort, that they tend
to
come
home
and
do
activities
at
home.
They
make
cupboard,
paint
their
houses,
repair
their
cars,
which
somehow
provide
the
sort
of
physical
job
satisfaction
that
they're denied in their
working day.
Task
9
【答案】
A.
Interviewees
Men
Women
Men/Women
18-24
Men/Women 25-29
Men/Women 30-39
Blue-
collar workers
Like their
jobs
Dislike their jobs
Like jobs in part
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
91
84
70
88
92
91
5
12
20
9
8
8
5
4
4
6
3
0
4
3
White-collar workers
87
B.
1) No major change. For
some
→“less paperwork”
Some:
→
less working hours
Others:
→
earn more money.
2) Most
adults
→
would go on working.
Esp. young adults (18 to
24)
→
9 out of 10 would go on working
【原文】
Are most workers today feeling bored
and dissatisfied with their jobs? It is often
claimed that
they are. Yet a study
conducted by Parade magazine more than 20 years
ago showed that people at
that time
felt the opposite.
Parade asked questions of a representative sampling of adult Americans from coast to coast.
The
sampling included different sexes, age groups, and
occupations.
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.
The interviewees were asked to make a choice from one of the following three to describe their
feelings towards their
work.
A. Like their jobs.
B. Dislike their jobs.
C. Like their jobs in part,
Results showed that 91 percent of the male interviewees and 84 percent of the females chose A,
while only 5
percent men and 12 percent women interviewed chose
B. The rest said that they liked
their
jobs in part and they comprised a very tow
percentage.
In all the three age groups
—
from 18 to 24, from 25 to 29 and 30 to 39
—
those who liked
their
jobs
made
up
the
majority.
70
percent,
88
percent
and
92
percent
respectively
choose
A.
Those
choosing B accounted for
20 percent, 9 percent and 8 percent of different
age groups. And the rest, 6
percent, 3
percent and 0 percent respectively claimed that
they only liked their jobs in part.
The
difference
in
responses
among
people
with
different
occupations
is
small.
Among
the
white-collar employees, those choosing
A, B and C are 87 percent, 8 percent and 4 percent
of the
total.
And
for
the
blue-collar
employees,
91
percent,
5
percent
and
3
percent
choose
A,
B
and
C
respectively.
It
is
interesting
to
note
that
there
are
few
differences
in
attitude
between
men
and
women,
professionals and factory workers. In
each group, the largest number reported that they
liked their
jobs.
Next, Parade asked,
be?
reply. No
major changes were reported. Some wished for
working
hours,
but
others
would
like
more
hours
in
order
to
earn
more
money.
No
serious
complaints were
made.
Most people have to work in order to live. But what would happen if someone had enough
money to stop working? Parade
asked,
—
either at your present job or something you liked better--or would you quit work?
showed that most adults would
prefer to work, even if they didn't have to. This
is true especially of
the younger
adults aged 18-24. Of these, nine out often said
they would go on working, even if they
suddenly became millionaires.
Task
10
【答案】
A.
Intelligence
Interests
Career
inclination
B.
1) F
2) T
C.
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According to Mother
to Cathy
very
bright
music and dancing
teacher or vet
reasonably intelligent
According
tennis
and
swimming,
talking
to
people
hairdresser
.
1) b
2) a
D.
1. She really
enjoyed meeting new people.
2.
She had good qualifications in English and Maths.
3. She did not mind hard work,
even if it was not always pleasant.
4. She liked living away form
home.
【原文】
Officer: Come in, please take a seat.
I'm the careers officer. You're Cathy, aren't you?
Mother: That's right. This is Catherine
Hunt, and I'm her mother.
Officer: How
do you do, Mrs. Hunt? Hello, Catherine.
Cathy: Hello. Pleased to meet you.
Officer: And you'd like some advice
about choosing a career?-
Mother: Yes,
she would. Wouldn't you, Catherine?
Cathy: Yes, please.
Officer:
Well, just let me ask a few questions to begin
with. How old are you, Catherine?
Mother: She's nineteen. Well, she's
almost nineteen.
Officer: And what
qualifications have you got?
Mother:
Well,
qualifications
from
school,
of
course.
Very
good
results
she
got.
And
she
got
certificates for ballet and for playing
the piano.
Officer: Is that what you're
interested in, Catherine, dancing and
music?
Cathy: Well...
Mother: Ever since she was a little
girl, she's been very keen on music and dancing.
She ought to
be a music teacher or something. She's
quite willing to train for a few more years to get
the
right job, aren't you,
Catherine?
Cathy: Well, if it's
a good idea.
Mother: There you are, you
see. She's a good girl really, a bit lazy and
disorganized sometimes,
but she's very bright. I'm sure the careers officer will have lots of jobs for you.
Officer: Well, I'm afraid it's not
as easy as that. There are many young people these
days who can't
find the job they want.
Mother: I told you,
Catherine. I told you, you shouldn't wear that
dress. You have to look smart to
get a job these days.
Officer: I think she looks very nice.
Mrs. Hunt, will you come into the other office for
a moment
and look at some of
the information we have there. I'm sure you'd like
to see how we can
help young
people.
Mother: Yes, I'd love
to. Mind you, I think Catherine would be a nice
teacher. She could work with
young children. She'd like that. Or she
could be a vet. She's always looking after sick
animals.
Officer: I'm afraid
there's a lot of competition. You need very good
results to be a vet. This way, Mrs.
Hunt. Just wait a minute, Catherine.
(
The mother
exits.
)
Officer:
There are just one or two more things, Catherine.
Cathy: Do call me Cathy.
Officer: OK, Cathy. Are you
really interested in being a vet?
Cathy: Not really. Anyway, I'm not
bright enough. I'm reasonably intelligent, but I'm
not brilliant. I'm
afraid my mother is
a bit over-optimistic.
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.
Officer: Yes, I guessed that. She's a
bit overpowering, isn't she, your mum?
Cathy: A bit. But she's very kind.
Officer: I'm sure she is. So,
you're interested in ballet and music, are you?
Cathy: Not really. My mother
sent me to lessons when I was six, so I'm quite
good, I suppose. But I
don't think I
want to do that for the rest of my life,
especially music. It's so lonely.
Officer: What do you enjoy doing?
Cathy: Well, I like playing
tennis, and swimming. Oh, I went to France with
the school choir last year.
I really
enjoyed that. And I like talking to people. But I
suppose you mean real interests
—
things that would help me to get a job?
Officer: No. I'm more
interested in what you really want to do. You like
talking to people, do you?
Cathy: Oh yes, I really enjoy meeting
new people.
Officer: Do you
think you would enjoy teaching?
Cathy: No, no, I don't really. I was
never very interested in school work, and I'd like
to do something
different. Anyway,
there's a teacher training college very near us.
It would be just like going to
school
again.
Officer: So you don't
want to go on training?
Cathy:
Oh, I wouldn't mind at all, not for something
useful. I wondered about being a hairdresser
—
you meet lots of
people, and you learn to do something
properly
—
but I don't know. It doesn't
seem very worthwhile.
Officer: What about nursing?
Cathy: Nursing? In a hospital? Oh, I
couldn't do that, I'm not good enough.
Officer: Yes, you are. You've got good
qualifications in English and Maths. But it is
very hard work.
Cathy: Oh, I
don't mind that.
Officer: And
it's not very pleasant sometimes.
Cathy: That doesn't worry me either.
Mum's right. I do look after sick animals. I
looked after our dog
when it was run
over by a car. My mother was sick, but I didn't
mind. I was too worried about
the dog.
Do you really think I could be a nurse?
Officer: I think you could be a very
good nurse. You'd have to leave home, of course.
Cathy: I rather think I should
enjoy that.
Officer: Well,
don't decide all at once. Here's some information
about one or two other things which
might suit you. Have a look through it
before you make up your mind.
Task 11
【原文】
I
began
my
career
during
college,
reporting
on
news
stories
at
a
Toronto
radio
station.
The
station
’
s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that
she needed a youth
reporter because that year was International Youth
Year. After graduation, I took
a
job
as
a
television
news
reporter
and
later,
news
anchor.
But
sports
reporting
was
something
different,
so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my
first assignment.
I had two
months until my new job began. It was like waiting
an entire summer for school to
start. I
spent those two months talking to figure skating
coaches and judges. I read boring rule books.
I drove to the rinks where the skaters
trained, and made notes about our conversations. I
even took a
lesson, which made some of
the skaters laugh.
Unit
7
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