-
UNIT 1
陌生人的善意
迈克
?
麦金太尔
1
一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新
< p>奥尔良。在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。他一
只手打出拇指向外
的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。
我直接从他身边开过去了。别人会停下来的，我想
。再
说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。
在
这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人
置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，
而如今你要是帮了你就
是笨蛋。到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强
奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢？
“
我不想卷进
去
”
已经成为全国性的信条。
2
开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。把
他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我有多么不安。让我不安
的是，我多么
轻易地就做出了这个决定。我甚至根本没把
脚从油门上抬起来。我很想知道，现在还有人
会停车吗？
3
我想到我此行的目的地
——
新奥尔良。那里是田纳西
?
威廉姆斯的剧作《
欲望号街车》的背景地。我回想起布兰
奇
?
杜波依斯的名 句：
“
我总是依赖陌生人的善意。
”
4
陌生人的善意。听起来好怪。如今这年头还有谁能指望
陌生人的善意吗？
5
要验证 这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海
岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善
意。他会发现一
个什么样的美国？谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程
< br>呢？
6
这个念头激起了我的好奇心。但 谁会这么不切实际、愿
意去尝试这样一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我来试
试？
7
满
37< /p>
岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么
险呢。所以我决定来个观念
的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽
——
从
太平洋去大西洋，不带一
分钱。要是有人给我钱，我会拒
绝。我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。这
将是在这片金钱至上的土地上的一次身无分文的旅行。我
的最终
目的地是北卡罗来纳州的
“
恐惧角
”
（即开普菲尔 ），
它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。
8
1994
年
9
月
6
日，我早早起床，背起一个
50
磅重的
包，朝金门桥走去
。我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的
车辆展示我的目的地：
“
美利坚
”
。
9
司机们隔着挡风玻璃念出这个词，然后笑了。两个女人
骑自行车经过。
有点含混，
”
其中一个说。一名带有德国口
音的年轻男士走上前来问，
“
你这个
‘
美 利坚
'”
在哪儿？
”
10
实际上，整整六个星期的时间里我试图找出答案。我
搭了
82
次便车，行程
4223
英里，穿越了
14
个州。在旅途
中，我发现其他人跟我一
样有担心。人们总是在警告我当
心别的某个地方。在蒙大拿州，他们叫我留神怀俄明州的
牛仔，而在内布拉斯加州，人们提醒我说艾奥瓦州的人可
不如他
们友好。
11
然而，在我所去的每个州，我都 受到了友善的对待。
我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与
自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。有一天，
在内布拉斯加，一
辆四门小轿车在路肩停下。我走到车窗
边，看到两位穿着节日盛装的瘦小老妇人。
12
“
我知道这年头不该带搭便车的 ，但这里前不着村后不
着店的，不停车感觉真不好。
”
自 称
“
维
”
的司机说。她和姐
姐海伦是去内布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼科医生的。
13
她们为我停了车，我都不知道是该亲吻她们呢还是该
责备她们。这个女人是在
告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不
愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。她
们在一个高速路口把我放下时，我望着维。我们俩异口同
声地说
，
“
小心。
”
14
有一次我在雨中没能搭上便车。一名长途卡车司机停
了车，他把刹车踩得
那么重，车子都在草地路肩上滑行了
一段。司机告诉我他有一次被搭便车的人持刀抢劫了
。
“
但
我不愿意看到有人在雨里站着。
”
他补充说，
“
现在大家都没
有良心了。<
/p>
”
15
然而，我发现，总体而言 ，人们还是挺有同情心的。
艾奥瓦州一对中年夫妇为了帮我找宿营地领着我走了一个
小时。在南达科他州，一个女人让我在她家住了一晚之后
递给我两张
贴了邮票的明信片：一张是让她知道我这趟旅
行结果如何；另一张是要第二天寄出的，告
诉她我在哪
里，免得她为我担心。
16
听说我没钱，又不愿意接受钱，每个州的人们都会给
我买食物或者和我分
享他们手头有的东西。在加州的尤凯
亚，一位国家公园管理员给了我一些胡萝卜，一名大
学生
给了我几大袋有机西红柿和瓜类。艾奥瓦州的一名妇女给
了
我两大包全麦饼干，两罐果汁汽水、两个金枪鱼罐头、
两个苹果和两块鸡肉。
17
拥有最少的人往往给予的最多。在俄勒冈一个叫迈克
的房屋油漆工注意到天气十分寒冷，就问我有没有外套。
我回答
说
“
有件薄的
”
，他开车带我去他家，翻遍了车库 ，递
给我一件肥大的绿色军大衣。
18
在俄勒冈的另一个地方，一个叫蒂姆的锯木厂工人邀
请我去他们破旧的家
里和他家人一起吃了顿简单的晚餐。
他给了我一本《圣经》，然后又要把家里的帐篷给我
。我
拒绝了，因为我知道那极有可能是这家人最值钱的一样东
西
了。然而蒂姆执意让我接受，所以最后我只好同意。
19
我感激我所遇到的所有人，感谢他们让我搭车，给我
食物，给我提供住处，送
我礼物。但最友善的举动是，他
们是那么自然真诚。
20
有一天，我走进了田纳西州的詹姆斯敦一家当地商
会。在这座古老建筑里一个男人从他凌乱的桌子旁站起
身。
“
请进，
”59
岁的巴克斯特
?
威尔逊说。他是那儿的执行
会长。
21
我向他打听在当地露营的事。他递给我一本当地露营
地的小册子。
“
需要我帮你打电话吗？
”
他问。
22
我一看露营得花
12
美元， 就回答，
“
不用了，没事。
我也不知道我该怎么做。
”
23
这时他看见了我的背包。< /p>
“
这里差不多每个人都会让你
在他们的地里支帐篷的，如果
那是你所想要的话。
”
他说。
24
这话就对了，我想。
“
有没具体的方位？
”
我问。
25
“
跟你说 吧，我有个大农场，在从这儿往南大概
10
英
里。要是你
五点半能在这儿，我可以开车带你去。
”
26
我接受了，于是我们开车去了一幢华丽的乡村住宅。
突然，我意识到他是
邀请了我到他家过夜。
27
我们走进厨房时， 他的妻子卡萝尔正在炖牛肉块。她
是一名七年级的科学老师，简直就是南方魅力的化身。
28
巴克斯特解释说，当地人是
“
不爱外出的山里人
”
，他
觉得自己也
是这么一个人。
“
我们很少在家里招待客人，
”
他
说，
“
招待的话，一般是亲戚。
”
他的这番透露让我那一夜变
得更加不同寻常。
29
第二天我下楼时，卡萝尔问我愿不愿意去学校跟她班
上的孩子们谈谈我的旅行。我告诉她我可不想怂恿一帮七
年级的孩子去
搭便车游遍美国，但卡萝尔说孩子们应该接
触到外面的世界是什么样子
— —
包括好的一面和坏的一面。
“
他们需要了解真相，
”
她说。
30
我同 意了。没过多久，我就被安排给学校每个班讲
话。所有的孩子都彬彬有礼而且聚精会神。
他们的问题不
断冒出来：哪儿的人们最友善？我穿坏过多少双鞋？有没
< br>有人试图轧死我？别的地方的猪脚也有这么好吗？我有没
有爱上过谁？我最害怕的
是什么？
31
尽管我并没有打算这么做，我发 现爱国主义的语调贯
穿了那天下午的讲话。我告诉学生们，我对美利坚的信念
如何重新燃起了。我告诉他们，生活在一个人们仍然愿意
帮助陌生人的国度
里，我有多么自豪。我告诉他们，我当
初计划这次旅行时脑子里的问题已经得到明确的解
答。的
确，不管你是谁，你仍然可以依赖陌生人的善意。
Listen and
Respond
Task One Focusing on the
Main Ideas
1 Choose the best
answer to complete each of the
following
sentences
according
to
the
information
contained in the
listening passage.
1
Before graduating from college, the speaker was asked
to ________.
A) make a piece of cake for the
class
B) write down people’s
response to her smile
C) observe how people smile at each
other
D) act kindly to
someone
2
While waiting for her turn to get her breakfast at the local
McDonalds, the
speaker ________.
A)
was
ready
to
serve
the
two
poor
homeless
men
who
smelled
B)
saw a terrible dirty man standing in the
line
C) found that a short
gentleman was waiting for his meal
D) noticed that a homeless man was
smiling at her
3
The two poor homeless men went to the local McDonalds
to
________.
A) warm themselves
B) have their breakfast
C) wait for someone
D) search for a friendly smile
4
At
the
sight
of
the
two
homeless
men,
the
speaker
________.
A) turned
away from them to join her family
B) ordered for them two cups of hot
coffee
C) bought them two
breakfast meals
D) asked
them what they wanted to eat
5
After the speaker turned in her “project,” the speaker’s
professor and her classmates
________.
A) had a heated
discussion about smile
B)
exchanged their unusual experiences
C) were deeply touched by her
smile
D) were greatly moved by
her story
Task Two Zooming In on the
Details
Listen to the recording
carefully and fill in each of
the
blanks according to what you have heard.
1
The
speaker
is
a
mother
of
three
and
has
recently
completed
her
college
degree
.
The
last
project
the
professor
assigned
her
to do was
to go
out
and
smile at
three people
and
then write down their
reaction
.
2
Soon after she was assigned the project, she went with
her family
to the
local McDonalds
on a
cold
March morning
.
Just when they were standing in line,
waiting to
be served
,
she
smelled
a
horrible
“dirty
body”
smell
.
Two
poor
homeless men were also standing in
line. They just wanted
to
sit
in the
restaurant
and
warm up
, so they only asked
for
coffee
. Obviously, it was
all they could afford.
3
Then she was suddenly filled with
sympathy
. All eyes in
the restaurant were set on her, judging
her
every action
.
She
smiled
and
bought
the
two
homeless
men
two
breakfast meals
.
4
She
returned
to
college,
with
this
story
in
hand.
She
turne
d in her “
project
.” Her professor
read it to the whole
class. The whole
class was
touched
. She
graduated with
one
of
the
biggest
lessons
she
would
ever
learn
—
UNCONDITIONAL
ACCEPTANCE
.
Read and Explore
Task
One Discovering the Main Ideas
1
Answer
the
following
questions
with
the
information contained in Text A.
1) Why didn’t the author stop for the
hitchhiker?
He thought that
someone else would stop for him. And he
was afraid of a possible
robbery.
2) Did he feel guilty for not helping
the young man?
No. He didn’t.
But he was bothered by his easy and quick
decision
of
leaving
the
young
man
stranded
alone
in
the
desert.
3)
Why
did
the
author
decide
to
start
his
journey
across
America
pennilessly?
He wanted to test
if a person could still rely solely on the
kindness
of
strangers
or
the
good
will
of
his
fellow
Americans these days.
4) What did he
discover as he travelled?
He
found
out
that
others
shared
his
fear.
Yet
they
still
stubbornly
helped strangers like him.
5) What had happened to the
trucker the author met on a
rainy
day?
He was once robbed at
knifepoint by a hitchhiker.
6)
What
conclusion
did
the
author
draw
from
his
experiences mentioned in Paras.
15
–
18?
He found
that people were generally compassionate. And
those who had the least to give often
gave the most.
She thought the children should be
exposed to what else
was out there
—
the good and the bad.
7) Why did
Carol invite the author to talk to her class about
his trip?
8) What
conclusion did the author make about his trip when
he talked to the students?
He concluded that his faith in America
had been renewed
and
that
people
could
still
depend
on
the
kindness
of
strangers.
2
Text
A
can
be
divided
into
three
parts
with
the
paragraph
number(s)
of
each
part
provided
as
follows. Write down the main
idea of each part.
Part: One;
Paragraph(s): 1
–
7; Main Idea:
Because of a past
experience
of neglecting a hitchhiker in need of help, the
author decided to travel across America
without any money
to find out if one
could still rely on the kindness of strangers
these days.
Part: Two; Paragraph(s):
8
–
28; Main Idea:
During
his trip,
he found out that people were
generally compassionate and
willing to
help although they might have fears.
Part: Three;
Paragraph(s):29-31; Main Idea:
He
talked to
school children and concluded
in a patriotic manner that in
America
people
could
still
depend
on
the
kindness
of
strangers.
Task Two Reading
Between the Lines
Read the
following sentences carefully and discuss
in
pairs
what
the
author
intends
to
say
by
the
italicized
parts.
1) In the middle of the
desert, I came upon a young man
standing by the roadside.
He
had his thumb out and held a
gas can in
his other hand.
(Para. 1)
By doing so, the young man was telling
the passing drivers
that he wanted to
hitchhike as his car had run out of
gas.
2)
The week I turned 37, I
realized I’d never taken a gamble
in my
life.
(Para. 7)
This
week I would be 37 years old, yet I realized that
I had
always been very careful in my
life and I had never taken a
risk, for
example, trusting on the kindness of
others.
3)
It would be a cashless
journey through the land of the
almighty dollar.
(Para.
7)
The author is being a bit
sarcastic here. He would take no
money
with
him
and
travel
across
the
US,
where
it
is
believed that money
can do everything and anything. The
phrase
term
I was amazed by
the stubborn capacity of Americans to help
a stranger, even when it seemed to run
contrary to their
own best interests.
(Para. 11)
I
was
amazed
by
the
continual
show
of
kindness
of
my
fellow
Americans,
even
though
helping
a
stranger
would
mean
taking a risk.
5)
I
didn’t
know
whether
to
kiss
them
or
scold
them
for
stopping
. (Para.
13)
The
author
had
mixed
feelings:
whether
to
kiss
the
two
women
for
their
kindness,
or
give
them
a
lesson
by
cautioning them not to trust any
stranger, for they could
have
run into a bad person instead of
himself.
Checking Your Vocabulary
Word Detective
1
Choose
the
definition
in
Column
B
that
best
matches each italicized
word in Column A.
1)
c
2)
d
3)
a
4)
j
5)
h
4)
Yet I was treated with kindness in every state I
traveled.
6)
b
7)
e
8)
i
9)
g
10)
f
2 A synonym is a word that has
the same or nearly
the same meaning as
another word. An antonym is
a
word
that
means
the
opposite
of
another
word.
Write S before each pair
of synonyms and A before
each pair of
antonyms. The first word in each pair is
taken from Text B and the corresponding
paragraph
number has been indicated for
you.
Example:
S
virtually, almost (Para.
1)
1)
S
govern, control (Para. 3)
2)
S
signal, sign (Para. 4)
3)
S
participate, join (Para. 5)
4)
A
heave, lower (Para. 6)
5)
S
collapse, fall (Para. 7)
6)
S
establish, found (Para. 10)
7)
S
locate, situate (Para. 10)
8)
A
occasional, frequent (Para. 15)
Checking Your
Comprehension
1
Answer
the
following
questions
with
the
information
contained in Text B.
1) What is
the
author and his wife’s opinion about becoming
a true friend to someone whose
name they don’t know?
The author
and his wife used to think that it was virtually
impossible to be a true friend to
someone whose name they
didn’t know.
But now they realize they w
ere wrong. Years
of Sunday-morning bus trip through the
city with the same
“nameless” people
have completely changed their thinking.
2) Why does the
author say that taking the Sunday-morning
bus trip requires teamwork though they
don’t know each
other’s
names?
There is always
the same group of regular passengers. The
bus driver and the passengers acted
routinely with due care
and attention,
as if they were cooperating in a team. The
driver should perform his duties well
and the passengers
should obey the
written and unwritten rules. There should
be no smoking, no littering, and
everyone should behave in
a
polite
and
decent
manner.
Under
such
circumstances,
names are no
longer important.
3) What can we learn about
the silent woman from Para. 5?
The silent woman always sits up front
and never responds
to others’
greetings. Her worn clothing suggests that she is
not rich. However, she is considerate
enough to bring the
bus driver a cup of
coffee each time she takes the bus
ride.
He has just come off a long night shift
and he feels sleepy
and
tired.
5) Why was the bus very late one Sunday
morning?
4) Why does the factory
security guard always slump down
in his
seat with his eyes closed?
On
that
morning
a
regular
passenger
collapsed
on
the
sidewalk as he was moving
forward to board the bus. The
other
passengers tried to help him and waited with him
for
an ambulance to arrive.
6) What do you
know about the Mexican couple?
The
Mexican
couple
love
each
other
very
much.
They
always
board
the
bus
hand
in
hand
and
are
still
holding
hands when
they get off the bus. The woman was pregnant
late last year and now they have a new
baby. All the regular
passengers feel
happy for the young Mexican couple.
7) Why do the
passengers enjoy the company of a group
of Haitians?
The
Haitians have a great sense of fun. The passengers
are
all delighted to have their
company. They always chuckle
and nod
when the Haitians are all aboard.
8) Why is the
woman who sits up front always silent?
She has a speech impediment. Talking is
hard for her.
9) What do you know about the silent
woman’s family life?
She is a
single mother with a disabled son who is receiving
special
care
away
from
home.
She
lives
alone
and
feels
lonely and misses her son very much.
The Sunday-morning
bus
ride
is
the
best
thing
she
does
all
week,
and
an
occasional visit
to the fish restaurant is almost as good as
the second best thing. She rides the
Sunday-morning bus
simply for the
companionship of the driver whose name she
doesn't
know,
but
who
appreciates
the
hot
coffee
she
brings.
10) How did the author and
his wife feel about the dinner
with the
silent woman?
They all had a
wonderful time. For the silent woman, an
occasional
visit
to
the
fish
restaurant
was
a
pleasant
experience
and
this
time
it
was
even
better
with
the
companionship of the author and his
wife. The author and
his wife also
enjoyed the dinner and they felt that the fish
had never tasted better. When they left
the restaurant, they
were already
friends with each other. And they shared their
names.
2
Read
the
following
statements
and
then
decide
whether each
of them is true or false based on the
information
contained
in
Text
B.
Write
T
for
True
and
F
for
False
in
the
space
provided
before
each
statement.
1)
T
On
Sundays the author and his wife take the bus to
go to church regularly for
years.
2)
F
The bus driver is
required to remember the stop of
every
regular passenger.
(He is not
required to do so. But he makes it his business
to remember where every regular
passenger should get off
the
bus.)
3)
F
The
silent
woman
always
gets
the
driver
a
cup
of
coffee because she
is well-off.
(The
worn
clothing
of
the
silent
woman
suggests
she
doesn’t have much money to spare, but
she always clutches
an extra cup of
coffee for the driver.)
4)
F
The driver has to wake up the factory
security guard
every time and reminds
him of getting off the bus.
(The
security
guard
closes
his
eyes
until
the
precise
moment that the bus
approaches his stop. Then, he opens
his
eyes and gets off the bus.)
5)
T
The
rotund
fellow
is
very
grateful
because
other
people have
helped him.
6)
T
The
passengers enjoy their ride together and words
or names are not necessary to
them.
7)
F
The author and his
wife developed a good relationship
with
the silent woman after taking the same bus for
some
months.
(For
many months, the only sadness for the author and
his
wife is that they can’t establish
the same rapport with the
silent
woman.)
8)
F
They
found
their
fish
tasted
better
because
they
shared a good dinner with
the silent woman.
(They found
their fish tasted better because they had finally
learned
the
story
of
the
silent
woman
and
made
friends
with her.)
Enhance Your Language
Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and
Expressions
1 In the box below
are some of the words you have
learned
in
this
unit.
Complete
the
following
sentences
with
the
words
given.
Change
the
form
where necessary.
1)
My neighbours are a friendly
bunch
of people.
2) Dave
amazed
his friends by leaving a well-paid job
to
travel around the world.
3) The employees in
this company work an eight-hour
shift
.
4) The professor came to the classroom
with a
bundle
of
newspapers under his arm.
5) A passenger
asked the driver: “Could you
drop
me off
near the post office?
I’d like to post a letter.”
6) The little girl’s
capacity
for learning
languages astonished
me.
7) How many
countries will be
participating
in the Olympic
Games?
8) I like the
typically French
style
of
living. It is so romantic.
9)
They
have
made
their
fortunes
from
industry
and
commerce
.
10)
They
threatened
to
shoot
him
and
rob
him
of
all
his
possessions.
11) In many cultures, the lion is the
symbol
of courage.
12)
Your
help
was
greatly
appreciated
.
We
are
very
grateful to you
for it.
13)
It’s the first time the painting has been
displayed
to the
public.
14) During the exam, the naughty boy
tried to
slip
a note
to his classmate while the teacher
wasn’t looking.
15) As the saying goes,
conquer
the desires, or they
will
conquer you.
16)
Before
the
dinner
party,
Mother
has
ordered
a
roast
from the
butcher.
17)
I didn’t wait for you at home because I
figured
that you
wouldn’t come.
2 In the boxes below are
some of the expressions
you
have
learned
in
this
unit.
Do
you
understand
their meanings? Do
you
know how to
use
them
in
the proper
context? Now check for yourself by doing
the
blank-filling
exercise.
Change
the
form
where
necessary.
1) In this
painting, a single red rose stands
in
rich contrast
to
the
grassland.
2) The factory workers
are
exposed to
poisonous gases and
many of them suffer from lung
diseases.
3)
During the war, the soldier
risked his
life
helping others
to
escape.
4)
Do trust me. You can
rely on
me to keep your secret.
5) If you are
attacked or robbed
at knifepoint
, how would
you react
then?
6) She
is such an extraordinary girl that she always
stands
out
in a
crowd.
7)
Obviously,
this
foolish
idea
runs
contrary
to
common
sense(
常识
).
8) I was very tired
and had to
flag down
a taxi
in order to
get home early.
9)
The
mother
picks/picked
up
her
children
from
the
kindergarten at 5:00 p.m.
every day.
10) The publishers
took a
gamble on
an unknown author,
and the books have sold well.
11) The driver
waved to us as he
pulled away
.
12) The driver
pulled over
to the side of the road to see
what was wrong with his truck.
Increasing Your
Word Power
1 Collocations
Look
at
the
adverbs
listed
in
the
box
below,
and
decide which adverb is needed to
collocate with the
verb
in
each
sentence.
Fill
the
correct
adverb
into
the
blank in the sentence.
The same
word
may be
used
in
more
than
one
sentence.
Consult
a
dictionary if
necessary.
1) No need to thank
me
—
I was just glad to help
out
a
friend.
2) Yesterday a drunken man was run
over
and killed by a
bus.
3) When I look
back
on my college days, I can’t believe the
crazy things we did as students.
4) He looks
down
on his colleagues
because he has a PhD
degree but they
don’t have.
5)
A
policeman
was
standing
by
the
side
of
the
road,
signaling to me to pull
over
.
6) Peter didn’t have anywhere to stay
so Sarah put him
up
for a
few days.
7)
Don’t worry. Everything will turn
out
well.
8) You promised you would do it. Why
did you go
back
on
your word?
9) Their business was losing money so
they had to close
down
.
10) You can’t miss him. That haircut
makes him stand
out
in a
crowd.
11) I
gave
up
smoking when I got
pregnant.
12)
The
doctor
checked
her
over
yesterday.
All
the
tests
were OK and she seemed to
be fine.
13)
She tends to hang
back
in a
crowd because she is so
shy.
14) What problems
should I watch
out
for when
buying an
old house? I don’t want to be
cheated.
15)
They offered her the job but she didn’t like it
a
nd turned
it
down
.
16) It’s hard to comfort Sandra. She
doesn’t seem able to
get
over
her mother’s
death.
2
Study the different meanings of the word than in
the following sentences.
Task: Now put the following sentences
into English,
using than in your
translation.
1)
行动比言语更响亮。
Action speaks
louder than words.
2)
这儿的生产需要低于摄氏
25
度的温度。
Production here needs temperatures
lower than 25 degrees
Celsius.
3)
我喜欢保存东西而不是把它们扔掉。
I like
to keep things rather than throw them
away.
4)
这里除了我之外没有别人。
There is nobody here other than
me.
5)
她宁愿辞职也不愿为那位老板干活。
She’d rather leave her job than (be
forced to) work for that
boss.
3 Word Building
Prefixes of Numbers
In English there are some prefixes that
quantify(
量
化
) over their base words’ meaning.
Now match
each of the English words in Column A
with
its
Chinese
meaning
in
Column
B.
You
may
consult a
dictionary if necessary.
1)
d
2)
k
3)
n
4)
j
5)
a
6)
g
7)
f
8)
b
9)
o
10)
m
11)
p
12)
e
13)
c
14)
h
15)
i
16)
l
Grammar in Context
Task 1: Choose either the infinitive
form or the -ing
form of the verb in
brackets to complete each of the
following sentences.
1) When I saw John in his room, he was
busy
preparing
(prepare) his
lessons.
2)
I’d like to take this opportunity
to
thank
(thank) all of
you for
coming to join us tonight.
3) My transistor radio isn’t
working. It needs
repairing / to
be repaired
(repair).
4) They found
it impossible
to get
(get)
everything ready in
time.
5)
I
am
used
to
studying
(study)
with
Mr.
Jones
and
therefore prefer not to change to
another teacher.
6)
All
the
women
in
the
office
objected
to
being
treated
(treat) like this.
7) I must go now. I can’t risk
missing
(miss) the last
train.
8)
The
President’s
attempts
to
reduce
(reduce)
inflation
were quite
successful.
9) He is always the last one
to leave
(leave) the
office.
10)
It’s
no
use
worrying
(worry)
about
your
child.
He’s
grown up.
Task
2:
Complete
the
following
sentences
by
translating
the
Chinese
in
brackets
into
English,
paying
attention to the use of the -ing form and the
–
ed form of verbs.
1) When the old man was telling the
story, some children
kept
nodding
(
不住地点头
) while some others looked
rather
confused
(
很迷惑
).
2)
Fallen
leaves
(
落叶
)
will
eventually
turn
into
fertilizer
serving
other plants.
3)
The
three
boys
were
so
surprised
(
吃惊
)
to
find
the
escaped prisoner
hiding
(
正躲在
) behind the door.
4)
Deeply moved
(
被深深地感动了
) by the poor but hard-
working boy, the couple decided to
pay for his secondary
education.
5) Anyone
following
(
听从
) this advice would find himself in
trouble.
6)
Being
(
作为
) university students, we should be
interested
(
对
…
感兴趣
) in what is going on in the world.
7)
The
bulk
of
the
world’s
rainforests,
97
percent,
are
located
(
位于
) in 27 developing countries.
8)
If
she
catches
you
reading
(
在读
)
her
diary,
she’ll
be
angry.
Cloze
Complete the
following passage with words chosen
from Text A. The initial letter of each
is given.
Could anyone rely on
the kindness of strangers these days?
One way to test this would be for a
person to journey from
coast to coast
without any money, r
elying
(1) solely on the
good will
of his fellow Americans. The idea
i
ntrigued
(2) me.
So I decided to make a trip from the
Pacific Coast to the
Atlantic
Coast
without
a
p
enny
(3).
I
rose
early
on
September
6,
1994,
and
headed f
or
(4)
the
Golden
Gate
Bri
dge.
During
the
six
weeks’
journey,
I
hitched
82
rides
and c
overed
(5) 4,223 miles across 14 states. I was
t
reated
(6) with kindness in
every state
I travelled across. I was
a
mazed
(7) by the
stubborn capacity of Americans to help
a stranger, even when it seemed to run
c
ontrary
(8) to their
own best interests. I found that people
were g
enerally
(9)
compassionate.
Hearing
I
had
no money and
would
take
none
,
people
in
every
state
bought
me
food
or
shared
w
hatever
(10)
they
happened
to
have
with
me.
In
Jamestown, Tennessee, a science teacher
i
nvited
(11) me
to talk to her class about my trip. All
the kids were well-
mannered and
a
ttentive
(12). Their
questions kept coming.
I
told
the
students
how
proud
I
was
to
live
in
a
country
w
here
(13) people
were still willing to help out a stranger.
I told them, “No matter who you are,
you can still depend
on the kindness of
strangers.”
Translation
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using the
words and expressions given in brackets.
1)
离婚的传言不过是为他的新电影炒作的手段而已。
(a ploy
to do sth.)
The rumor
about his divorce is just a ploy to gain publicity
for his new film.
2)
他孤注一掷，
用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。
(take
a gamble on sth.)
He
took a gamble on starting a factory with all the
money
his parents had left
him.
3)
赢得那场重要的比赛之后，
他们把队长抬到肩膀上 ，
欢呼
着胜利。
(hoist ... to ...)
After winning the important
game they hoisted their captain
to
their shoulders in shouting triumph.
4)
在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突。
(watch
out for sth.)
In the
rush to go for globalization, we should watch out
for
collision of cultures.
5)
在
这
种
情
况
下
，
出
现
麻
烦
是
不
足
为
奇
的
。
(in
the
circumstances)
In the circumstances it was not
surprising that there was
trouble.
6)
这婴儿非常健康。
(the picture of)
The baby is the very picture of
health.
7)
人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危
< p>害。
(expose sb. to sth. )
People
have realized the dangers of exposing
children to
violence
and sex on TV.
8)
我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。
(have
in
mind)
We always had
in mind for whom we were making the
film.
UNIT 2
选择乐观
里奇
?
德沃斯
1
假如你预料某事结局不妙，结果可能真会如此。悲观的
想法很少落空。不过这个法则反过来也成立。假如你觉得
会有好事发生
，通常就会交上好运！乐观与成功之间似乎
有一种天然的因果关系。
2
乐观和悲观都具有强大的力量，我们每个人必须选择其
一，来塑造自己的前途和理想。每个人的生命中都有足够
的幸运与不幸
——
丰富的哀伤和喜悦、充足的欢欣与痛苦
—
—
令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。我们可以选择哭或是
笑、祝福或
是诅咒。这完全取决于我们自己：用什么样的
眼光去看待生活？是积极向上，还是垂头丧
气？
3
我信守积极向上的态度。对积极的东西 我浓墨重彩，对
消极的东西则一笔带过。我是乐天派，既是天生如此，也
因后天选择所致。诚然，我知道生命中会有伤痛。我已经
七十多岁了，经历过不
止一次的危机。但是，当一切尘埃
落定，我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。
4
乐观的态度不是奢侈品，它是我们生活的必需品。你看< /p>
待生活的方式将决定你的感受、你的表现，以及你与他人
相处得怎
样。反过来，悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成
因果：它们是能自我实现的预言。悲观会
制造出无人愿往
的黑暗之地。
5
多年前，我驱车去一个加油站加油。那天天气很好，我
的心情也不错。当我走
进加油站付油钱时，服务员问我：
“
你感觉怎样？
”
这问题有点古怪，不过，我感觉很好，于是
便照实回答了他。
“
你脸色不好，
”
他回答。这话让我大吃一
惊。我告诉他我的感觉从未像现在这么好，但已不像开始
那么底气十足了，而他则毫无
顾忌地继续大讲我的气色如
何差，还说我肤色发黄。
6
在离开加油站的时候，我觉得有点心神不宁。驶出一个
街区之后，我把车停在路旁，对着镜子看着自己的脸。我
感觉如何？我
的脸色那么差吗？一切都正常吗？等我回到
家里，我已经开始觉得有点想吐。我的肝脏出
了毛病吗？
是不是染上了什么怪病？
7
再次光顾那个加油站时，我还是感觉很好，我弄明白了
个中蹊跷。这个地
方不久前把墙漆上了一种抢眼但又难看
的黄色，墙面反射的光线使里面的每一个人看起来
都像得
了肝炎。不知道有多少人有过与我类似的反应。和一个根
本不认识的人的一次短短对话竟然改变了我整整一天的心
情。他说我面带病容，没过多久
，我就真的觉得不舒服。
那一句消极的话就大大影响了我的感觉和行为。
8
唯一比否定态度更有力量的是积极的肯定，充满乐观与
希望的话语。最让我心存感激的一件事情，就是我生长的
这个国度有着
伟大的乐观主义传统。如果一种文化从整体
上采取积极向上的态度，不可思议的事情也能
变成现实。
人们若把世界看作光明与希望之地，他们将被赋予努力进
取和成就功业的力量。
9
乐观不意味着幼 稚。在保持乐观的同时，你仍然能意识
到问题的存在，意识到有些问题非常棘手。乐观带
来的改
变在于面对问题的态度。比方说，这些年我总是听到有人
抱怨用于太空计划的钱是被白白浪费了。他们会说：
“
与其
花
4
亿
5
千
5
百 万美元把一个人送上月球，为什么不把这
些钱用来解决地球上的贫穷问题呢？
但当你追问他们打算
如何用这些钱来消除贫困时，大多数人又会无
言以对。我
对他们说：
“
告诉我一个解决办法，我会为你 们筹到钱。
”
以
积极的方式思考如何解决问题，而不是对
花在别的项目上
的金钱妄加挑剔。实际上，美国的太空计划带来了许多有
价值的发现，全人类都从中受益。
10
乐观精神使我们的注意力从消极的否定态度转向积极
的、建设性的思考。乐观主义者更
关心如何解决问题，而
不是毫无意义地怨天尤人。事实上，如果没有乐观精神，
像贫穷这样严重而且现正存在的问题是无望解决的。解决
这样的问题需要
一个梦想家
——
一个拥有九死不悔的乐观、
矢志不移的坚
韧和无限信心的人。何去何从，由你决定。
Listen and Respond
Task One Focusing on the Main
Ideas
Choose
the
best
answer
to
complete
each
of
the
following
sentences
according
to
the
information
contained in the
listening passage.
1 According
to the passage Michael was ________.
A) a curious person
B) always an optimist in his
life
C) always a victim in
his company
D) an employee who
liked complaining
2 If something bad happened or someone
came to him
complaining Michael would
________.
A) choose to be a
victim
B) be more likely to be
in a bad mood
C) choose to
accept the bad thing or the complaining
D) choose the positive side of
life
3 In Michael’s opinion ________.
A) those people who like to complain
will often affect our
mood
B) we should do some morning exercises
to cheer us up
C) how we live
our life is decided by our attitude to
life
D) optimists have more
chances of success than
pessimists
4 From Michael the speaker has learned
that ________.
A) each morning
he must say something to himself
B) everyone may have a chance of
success
C) every day we have a
choice to live fully
D) it’s
not easy to be an optimist
Task Two Zooming In on the
Details
Listen to the recording
again and fill in each of the
blanks
according to what you have heard.
1
If an employee was having
a bad day
, Michael was
there
telling the employee how to look
on the
positive
side of the
situation.
2
Each morning when Michael woke up he would remind
himself to be in a
good mood
and choose the
positive side
of
life;
if
something
bad
happened,
he
would
choose
to
learn from
it and not to be
a
victim
of
it.
3
In
Michael’s
opinion,
life
is
all
about
choices
.
Every
situation
in
life
is
a
choice.
You
choose
how
you
react
to
situations;
you
choose
how
people
will
affect
your
mood;
you
choose how
you feel.
The
bottom
line
is:
It’s
your choice how you live your
life.
4
The
author
decided
to
follow
Michael’s
example
and
believed that if he chose to
be an optimist he might
feel
better
,
enjoy
life more
and might have more
chances of
success
.
Read and Explore
Task
One Discovering the Main Ideas
1
Answer
the
following
questions
with
the
information contained in Text A.
1)
According
to
Rich
DeVos,
what
is
the
relationship
between
optimism and success?
According
to
Rich
DeVos,
there
seems
to
be
a
natural
cause-and-effect
relationship
between
optimism
and
success.
2) Why should
each of us choose between optimism and
pessimism to shape our outlook and our
expectations?
Because there is
enough good and bad in everyone’s life
and this serves as a rational basis for
us to choose either
optimism or
pessimism.
3) What is the author’s choice? Why
does he make such a
choice?
Rich DeVos chooses to highlight the
positive and slip right
over the
negative, because he is an optimist by choice as
much as by nature. And he found that
the good in life is far
greater and
more important than the bad.
4) What does
the author’s experience in the service station
tell us?
It
tells
us
that
a
negative
attitude
may
have
a
profound
effect on the way we feel and
act.
5) What’s the meaning of the sentence
“Optimism doesn’t
need to be
naive”(Para. 9)?
We can be
optimists and still recognize that problems exist
and that some of them are not dealt
with easily.
2
Text
A
can
be
divided
into
three
parts
with
the
paragraph
number(s)
of
each
part
provided
as
follows. Write down the main idea of
each part.
Part: One;
Paragraph(s): 1-3; Main Idea:
It is
necessary to
choose optimism to shape
our outlook and expectations.
Part:
Two;
Paragraph(s):
4
–
7;
Main
Idea:
The
author
illustrates
the
effect
of
negativism
through
his
own
experience.
Part:
Three;
Paragraph(s):
8-10;
Main
Idea:
The
author
suggests
that
we
direct
our
attention
to
positive
and
constructive thinking rather than to
negativism.
Task Two Reading Between the
Lines
Read the following
sentences carefully and discuss
in
pairs what the author intends to say.
1)
An
optimistic
attitude
is
not
a
luxury;
it’s
a
necessity.
(Para. 4)
An optimistic attitude is not something
that is enjoyable but
unnecessary. It
is essential for our life.
2) Pessimism creates a sad
and hopeless place where no
one wants
to live in.
(Para. 4)
If you are a pessimist, you will find
that the environment
you live in is
always dull, uninteresting and
hopeless.
3) That seemed like an odd question,
but I felt fine and told
him so. (Para.
5)
The author was feeling great
on that beautiful day. He was
a bit
surprised to hear the attendant’s
question.
4) Optimism doesn’t need to be naive.
(Para.
9)
To be
optimistic, we do not need to be simple-minded or
be happy blindly.
5) Optimism
draws our attention away from negativism and
channels it into positive, constructive
thinking. (Para. 10)
If we take
an optimistic attitude towards life, we will look
on the positive side of the situation
and gradually cultivate
a positive and
constructive way of thinking.
Checking Your
Vocabulary
Word Detective
1
Choose
the
definition
in
Column
B
that
best
matches each
italicized word in Column A.
1)
c
2)
f
3)
d
4)
h
5)
j
6)
a
7)
i
8)
b
2 The table below
contains approximate synonyms
and
/
or
antonyms
for
some
words
from
Text
B.
Work
out
what
the
missing
words
are
and
write
them down in
the correct
space of the puzzle that
follows. The number of the paragraph in
which each
missing word appears as well
as its initial and final
letters has
been given. If you have written down the
correct
words,
you
will
discover
a
hidden
vertical
word
that
means
“a
person
who
thinks
that
whatever
happens will be good”. What is the
hidden
word?
1)
RESPONSE
2)
PERPETUAL
3)
COUNTLESS
4)
PRIOR
5) ENORMOUS
6) HISTORICAL
7)
OBSERVATION
8)
STARTLE
The hidden word is
OPTIMIST
.
Checking Your
Comprehension
1
Answer
the
following
questions
with
the
information
contained in Text B.
1) How did
the author start his classes for 30 years?
He started his classes by asking the
question “what are we
celebrating
today”. Sometimes he asked it a little
differently.
2) What was the author teaching at the
high school level?
He
often
taught
courses
in
United
States
history
and
in
American government.
3) Why did a
boy say that reading the actual news section
of a newspaper was a negative
assignment?
Because
the
boy
thought
that
most
of
the
news
in
the
newspaper was bad news which
was depressing.
4) What did the students learn by
celebrating the good in
their everyday
lives?
They learned to look for
the good in everyday life and then
to
share it with others. And each day they increased
their
awareness of all the good news
going on around them all
the
time.
5) What were the three more choices
that the author added
to celebrate the
day?
The students could share
something or someone they were
thankful
for. Or they could say something complimentary
about a classmate. Or they could share
something funny as
long as it was
clean.
6)
Did
the
adult
students
of
the
author
enjoy
his
way of
starting his classes?
Yes. They loved it and had even more
good news than the
kids did. And some
adult students in management positions
started opening their regular meetings
in much the same
way.
7) Why was the
author astounded when he read the
take-
home exam papers?
Because
almost
every
student
wrote
about
the
way
they
started class every day. They felt that
sharing good news
at the beginning of
every class taught them something even
more valuable: to look for the good and
to celebrate it with
others.
8) What lasting
impact did the author’s way of starting his
classes have on his students?
The lasting impact was that his
students gradually learned
how to focus
on the positive in life instead of the
negative.
2
Read
the
following
statements
and
then
decide
whether each
of them is true or false based on the
information in
the
text.
Write
T for
True
and
F for
False in the space
provided before each statement.
1)
F
The author
began asking his students to share good
news from the very beginning of his
teaching career.
(The ritual
started by accident in the 1970
–
71 school year.)
2)
T
The average
high school student was well informed
about music, sports and other forms of
entertainment.
3)
T
The
author was surprised when one student said the
homework was a negative
assignment.
4)
F
After a few
years, his students learned to find the
good news in the newspaper and then to
share it
with others.
(After a few years, his students
learned to find the good
news in
everyday life and then to share it with
others.)
5)
T
The
students could share many kinds of good news
related to their school, workplace,
families and
friends.
6)
F
His adult students showed less
response to the ritual
of celebration
because they were hardened by life.
(His adult students loved the ritual of
celebration and had
even more good news
than
the
kids did though formerly
the author worried about their being
hardened by life.)
7)
T
The
celebration
practice
was
considered
of
great
value by many students.
8)
F
The author realized the enormous
influence of his
celebration ritual
when he ran into a former student
he’d
taught many years before.
(Over
the
years
he
has
heard
and
read
countless
similar
comments about the influence of his
celebration ritual from
his former
students.)
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and
Expressions
1 In the box below
are some of the words you have
learned
in
this
unit.
Complete
the
following
sentences
with
them.
Change
the
form
where
necessary.
1) Don’t
just make a negative complaint about our service;
give us some
positive
advice.
2)
The
noise
of
the
car
startled
the
birds
and
the
whole
flock flew up into the air.
3)
Viewed
from
an
international
perspective
,
it
appears
absolutely
essential
to
emphasize
the
importance
of
potential customers’ needs in the
developing countries.
4) In this terrible job you have to
harden
your heart to pain
and suffering.
5) We can have many choices in
life and the choices that
we make will
shape
our life.
6) Efforts should
be made to
address
the
communication
problem existing between
teenagers and their parents.
7)
That
couple
has
endured
so
many
emotional
and
financial
crises
. It is amazing that
their marriage has lasted
for so many
years.
8)
Just before the speech contest
(
演讲比赛
), he fell ill and
was not able to participate in it; he
could only
curse
his
luck.
9) It
is
incredible
that her four-
year-old boy can write some
600 Chinese
characters (
汉字
).
10) You can add the liquid to
the powder, or
conversely
,
the powder to the liquid.
11)
The
next
big
issue
confronting
the
workers
is
the
question of social
security (
社会保险
).
12)
I
wrote
to
them
a
month
ago
but
haven’t
gotten
a
response
yet.
13) I
shall have to refuse your invitation because of a
prior
engagement.
14) There used to be various kinds of
birds here, but now
they are
rare
due to lack of food
resources.
15)
Is
it
true
that
visualizing
a
task
by
positive
thinking
helps to
accomplish
the task
better?
2 In
the boxes below are
some of the expressions
you
have
learned
in
this
unit.
Do
you
understand
their
meanings? Do
you
know how to
use
them
in
the
proper context? Now check for yourself by doing
the
blank-filling
exercise.
Change
the
form
where
necessary.
1) You may
feel awkward when you start learning how to
drive, but it’s easy once you
get
the
hang
of
it.
2) As one of those who
have
lived
through
two world wars,
Uncle Sam understands the value of life
far better than his
grandchildren.
3)
When
you
are
learning
driving
a
car,
it
makes
a
difference
whether you have
a good teacher or not.
4) He is so stubborn. We
have
no
idea
how to persuade him
to accept our proposal.
5)
Be
more
concerned
with
your
character
than
your
reputation(
名声
), because your character is what you really
are,
while your reputation is just what others think
you are.
6)
To our surprise, Mr. Thompson
slipped
over
an important
point in his analysis
—
the cause and effect of the problem.
7) To my pleasant
surprise, I
ran
into
my best friend Helen
in Paris last week.
8) I hit the tree behind me
when I put the car
in
reverse
without
looking back first.
9)
I’ll
leave
you
alone
here
so
you
can
mull
over
the
problem and make a
decision on your own.
Increasing Your Word Power
1
Decide
whether
do
,
make
or
take
is
needed
to
complete
each
of
the
following
sentences.
Change
the
verb form where necessary.
1)
Cr
iticizing
people’s
work
often
does
more
harm
than
good.
2) If you are not happy with the
situation here, you should
make
a complaint to the manager.
3)
I
take
your
point;
we
should
consider
the
offer
more
seriously.
4) Would you
do
me a favour by
turning off the radio? It’s
too noisy here.
5) You will
make
a profit by selling the
equipment now; if
you wait, the price
may fall.
6)
Take
your time, there is no
rush. We still have an hour
before the
train leaves.
7) Now then, Mrs. Miller, how would you
like your hair
done
today?
8) They had been in India for three
weeks when he was
suddenly
taken
ill.
9) Who is
making
that noise there? I
cannot hear the TV
program.
10) He was in the
second place but on the last
bend(
弯道
)
he suddenly
passed his rival(
对手
) and
took
the lead.
2 In each of the
following sentences you are given
two
confusable
words
or
expressions
in
brackets.
Choose the appropriate one to fill in
the blank. You
may consult a dictionary
if necessary.
1)
We
will
invite
the
parties
concerned
(concerning,
concerned) to
participate in the discussion.
2)
Concerning
(concerning,
concerned)
your
letter,
I
am
pleased to inform you that you are to
receive the order by
the end of this
week.
3)
We’ll
have
to
reject
(reject,
decline)
these
products,
because they have some little cracks in
them.
4) We
sent him an invitation to the party, but he
declined
(rejected, declined).
5) After she hit
her head on the wall, she was
unconscious
(subconscious, unconscious) for several
minutes.
6)
She had a(n)
subconscious
(subconscious, unconscious)
fear
whenever she saw a snake.
7) Bill and Jack are twins. The
former
(preceding, former)
is taller than the latter.
8)
In
the
preceding
(preceding,
former)
chapter
we
discuss
ed the civil rights movement in the US in the 1960’s.
9) Every morning we
raise
(raise, rise) our
national flag at
the school
gate.
10)
The
plane
was
then
able
to
rise
(raise,
rise)
and
it
cleared the mountains by 400
feet.
3 Word
Building
Now match each of the
English words in Column A
with
its
Chinese
meaning
in
Column
B.
You
may
consult a dictionary if
necessary.
1)
d
2)
j
3)
k
4)
a
5)
b
6)
h
7)
c
8)
f
9)
l
10)
e
11)
g
12)
i
Grammar
in Context
Task
1:
When
it
is
used
as
a
conjunction,
as
can
mean “when / while”, “though
/although”, “since /
because”,
“in
the
way
/
manner
that”,
etc.,
and
it
can also be used
in a comparative structure. Study
the
following sentences and explain the meaning of
as in each sentence.
1)
As
the saying
goes, you cannot eat your cake and
have
it too.
Meaning:
in
the way /manner that
2) Terrible
as
was the storm, we continued on our
way to our destination.
Meaning:
though /
although
3) I saw her standing under a tree
as
I was getting
off the bus.
Meaning:
when
4)
As
he is a dull boy, we can’t expect him to make
much progress in a short time.
Meaning:
since
5)
I
was
as
surprised
as
anyone
else
when
they
offered me the
job.
Meaning:
used in
a comparison
6) Try
as
she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
Meaning:
though
7) Alison’s face beamed with joy
as
he was reading
the message.
Meaning:
while
8) I want you to tell her your
experience exactly
as
you have told it to me.
Meaning:
in the way
that
Task 2: Complete the following
sentences after the
example
by
translating
the
Chinese
into
English,
using
as
as a relative
pronoun.
1)
Such
conservative
people
as
you
describe
/
have
described / described
(
如你所描述的
) are rare nowadays.
2)
At the meeting we will discuss such questions
as concern
every one of us
(
对我们每人都有关的
).
3)
As is well known
(
众所周知
), China is famous for her four
great inventions in
history.
4)
As
we
all
can
see
(
正如我们有目共睹
),
great
changes
have taken
place in China since 1978.
5) You must show him the same
respect
as you show / as
you
have shown for your teacher
(
就像你 尊重你的老师那
样
).
6)
As is
reported / announced in today’s papers
(
据今天的
报纸报道
), they have succeeded in solving the problem in
accordance with the new theory.
Cloze
Complete
the
following
passage
with
words
and
phrases chosen from Text A. The initial
letter of each
is given.
Optimism and pessimism are powerful
forces, and each of
us must choose
which we want, so as to shape our outlook
and
our
expectations.
From
which
p
erspective
(1)
do
we
want to
view life? Will we look up in hope or down in
d
espair
(2)? An
optimistic attitude is not a luxury; it’s a
n
ecessity
(3).
The way you look at life will determine how you
feel,
p
erform
(4), and how well you will get along with others.
C
onversely
(5),
negative
thoughts,
attitudes,
and
expectations
feed
on
themselves;
they
become
a
self-
fulfilling
p
rophecy
(6).
Pessimism
creates
a
sad
and
hopeless place
w
here
(7) no one wants to
live. When the
world is seen
a
s
(8) a hopeful, positive
place, people are
more
likely
to
a
chieve
(9).
Optimism
doesn’t
need
to
be
naive.
You can be an optimist and still
r
ecognize
(10) that
problems exist and that some of them
are not d
ealt
w
ith
(11) easily. Yet optimism makes a
difference in the a
ttitude
(12) of the problem solver! Optimism
draws our attention
away
from
negativism
and
c
hannels
(13)
it
into
positive,
constructive thinking. When you’re an
optimist, you’re more
c
oncerned
(14)
with
problem-solving
than
with
useless
fault-finding.
To
tackle
a
big
problem,
one
needs
both
optimism and
persistence.
Translation
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using the
words and expressions given in brackets.
1)
只有那些有过类似经历的人，才能够完全理解这一点。
(live
through)
Only those who have
lived through a similar experience can
fully
appreciate
this.
/
The
only
people
who
can
fully
appreciate this are those who have
lived through a similar
experience.
2)
科学家们一直没弄明白这些粒子是怎么形成、< /p>
又是如何相
互作用的。
(figure out)
Scientists have been hard
pressed to figure out how these
particles form / are formed and
interact (with one another).
3)
那些掌握了魔方
(Rubik’s Cube)
窍门的人能在很短 时间内
把每一面都恢复成单一颜色。
(get the hang of sth.)
Those who have got the
hang of Rubik’s Cube (Magic Cube)
can
return each face to consisting of one colour in no
time.
4)
团队环境中员工个人的成功能带来公司的成功。
(result in)
The
individual
success
of
the
employees
in
a
team
environment results in success for the
company.
5)
这场战争，
虽说从军事角度而言是成功的，
却令经济几乎
崩溃。
(in… terms)
The
war,
although
successful
in
military
terms,
left
the
economy almost in ruins.
6)
他决定把自己的精力 用到有益的事上，
而不是整天守在电
视机前。
(chan nel sth. into…)
He decided to
channel his energies into something useful,
instead of being glued to /sitting in
front of the TV set all
day
long.
7)
力量与勇气是有区别的。生存需要力量，生活需要勇气。
(it
takes sth. to do sth.)
There’s a
difference between strength and courage. It takes
strength to survive. It takes courage
to live.
8)
她天生就是个非常温柔亲切的人，
总是乐于向别人 伸出援
手。
(by nature)
She was by nature a very affectionate
person, always ready
to give a helping
hand to others.
UNIT 3
追梦
亚历克斯
?
哈利
1
很多年轻人告诉我，他们想当作家。我总是鼓励这些
人，但我也会解释，
“
当作家
”
和 写作是有区别的。在多数情
况下，这些人是在梦想名利，而不是在打字机前独自度过
漫长的时间。我对他们说，
“
你得渴望写作，而不是渴望当< /p>
作家。
”
2
会眷顾一些作家，但数以千计
的人心中的渴望永远无法满
足。就算是成功者，大多也曾长期无人问津、穷困潦倒，
包括我。
3
我离开工作了
20
年的美国海岸警备队成为一名自由作
家时，前途一片
渺茫。唯一拥有的是一个儿时的朋友乔
治，他跟我在田纳西州的亨宁一起长大。乔治在格
林尼治
村公寓看门，他在那里帮我找了间腾出来的储藏室。那儿
很冷，又没有卫生间，可是我不在乎。我马上买了一部二
手的打字机，感觉就像一个真正
的作家了。
4
然而，过了一年左右还没有时来 运转，我开始怀疑自
己。作品很难卖出去，我只能勉强维持生计，但我知道，
我渴望写作，多少年来我一直梦想着写作。我不要像有些
人一样，临死时还
想，
“
假如
……”
我要坚持不懈地试验着我
的梦，哪怕衣食无着，害怕失败，也决不放弃。这是希望
的阴影地带，
每个有梦的人都必须学会在那里安居。
5
一天 ，我接到一个电话，我的一生从此改变。不是经纪
人或编辑打来要和我签一份大额合同。
刚好相反，这个电
话像海妖的歌声，诱使我放弃梦想。打电话的是海岸警备
队的一个老熟人，警备队现在设在旧金山。他借过一些钱
给我，不时提起这件
事。
“
我什么时候才能拿回那
15
块钱
< p>啊，亚历克斯？
”
他揶揄道。
6
“
等我下次卖了稿子吧。
”
7
他说，
“
我有个更好的主意。 我们这里要新招一个公共
信息助理，年薪六千。想要的话，这位子就是你的了。
”
8
一年六千！在
19 60
年，那可是一大笔钱了。我可以买
套不错的房子，一辆二手车，还清
所有的债，甚至还可以
有点积蓄，而且我还可以在业余时间写作。
9
钞票在我脑海中舞动，但我的头脑蓦地清醒了。从内心
深处，一个固执的决定涌上心头。我的梦想是要当作家，
全职作家。我
一定要实现梦想。
“
谢谢，我不去，
”
我听到自< /p>
己在这样说，
“
我要坚持写作。
”
10
放下电话，我在小小的房间里踱着步，开始觉得自 己
像个傻瓜。我把手伸进壁橱（一个钉在墙上的装桔子的板
条箱
），拿出里面所有的东西：两个沙丁鱼罐头。我把手
伸进口袋，找到了
1 8
分钱。我把罐头和硬币塞进一个皱巴
巴的纸袋。我对自己说，看吧，亚
历克斯，这就是你的全
部家当了。我觉得前所未有的沮丧。
11
我希望我可以说，情况马上有了好转，可是没有。幸
亏还有乔治帮我渡过难关。
12
乔
?
< p>德莱尼，绘画多年，来自田纳西的诺克斯维尔。乔经常
穷得连食物都买不起，所以他
会去附近的一家肉店，那屠
夫会给些沾着肉末的大骨头；他还去杂货店，店主会给他
一些蔫了的蔬菜。用这些，乔就可以做他喜爱的汤了。
13
村里还有一位邻居，是个英俊的年轻歌手，开一家生
意清淡的餐馆。据说，要是顾客点了牛扒，这歌手就会冲
到街对面的超
市里买一份回来。他的名字叫哈里
?
贝拉方
特。
14
德莱尼和贝拉方特等人成了我的楷模。我懂得了， 要
追求梦想，就得做出牺牲，有创意地生活。在梦想的阴影
里生
活就是这样的。
15
我品味着这个教训，这时 我文章的销路也慢慢好起
来。我写的是当时街头巷尾大众谈论的话题：公民权利，
美国黑人，非洲。很快，就像南归的鸟儿一样，我的思绪
回到了童年。
在寂静的房间里，我仿佛可以听见亲人的声
音，祖母、乔治亚表姐、普卢思阿姨、利兹阿
姨、蒂尔阿
姨，在向我讲述我们的家族历史和奴隶制度。
16
以前，美国黑人对这些故事避而不谈，所以我也很少
向别人说起。但有一天，我与《读者文摘》的编辑们共进
午餐时，我讲
了祖母、阿姨和表姐她们的故事。我说，我
有一个梦想，就是要追溯我的家族史，找到那
戴着枷锁来
到美国海岸的第一个非洲人。午餐结束时，我已经得到一
份合同，资助我的调查与写作，为期九年。
17
爬出阴影所在，是一个漫长而艰难的过程。不过，到
了
1970< /p>
年，我离开海岸警备队十七年之后，《根》发表
了。一夜之间，我拥有了大
多数作家都不曾拥有的名望和
成功。阴影已经变成了令人目眩的聚光灯。
18
平生第一次，我有钱了，机会之门处处为我敞开。电
话响个不停，总是有新的朋友，还有新的合约。我收拾
好，搬到洛杉矶
，协助拍摄《根》的电视系列短篇。这段
时间，我应接不暇，令我精神振奋。在某种意义
上，我被
成功的光环蒙蔽了双眼。
19
有一天，整理行装时，我看到一个箱子，装的是多年
前我在格林尼治村时
的家当。里面有一只棕色的纸袋。
20
我打开 来，看到两个锈迹斑斑的沙丁鱼罐头，一枚五
分硬币，一枚十分硬币，三枚一分硬币。突
然，往事潮涌
而来。我仿佛看到自己又蜷缩在打字机前，在那个凄冷的
< br>单间里。我对自己说，这袋子里的东西也是我的一部分
根。我可不能忘了。
21
我请人把这些东西镶起来。我把这个透明塑料盒 放在
每天都能看到的地方。我现在就可以看到它，就放在诺克
斯
维尔的办公桌上方，放在一起的还有普利策奖杯，一张
有电视版《根》所获九个艾美奖的
照片，还有斯宾甘奖牌
—
—“
全国有色人种协进会
”
（
NAACP
）的最高荣誉。要是问
< br>我，哪一个对我意义最大，我会感到很难回答。但这中
间，只有一样东西会提醒我
，在梦想的阴影里坚持自己的
方向需要怎样的勇气和毅力。
22
这个教训，每一个有梦的人都应该汲取。
Listen and Respond
Task One Focusing on the Main
Ideas
Choose
the
best
answer
to
complete
each
of
the
following
sentences
according
to
the
information
contained in the
listening passage.
1
One day in school Monty Roberts was asked to ________.
A) write a term paper
about the courses he learned
B)
write about his dream of the future
C) describe a horse ranch
D) draw a picture of a horse
ranch
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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