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天津商业大学
2015
年研究生入学考试试题
专
业:外国语言学及应用语言学
课程名
称:
语言学及翻译
(
804
)
共
5
页
第
1
页
说明:答案标明题号写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上的无效。
Linguistics (100 marks)
I.
Studying
linguistics,
we
have
come
across
a
lot
of
technical
terms,
some
of
which
are
listed
below.
Please
write
out
the
most
acceptable
definitions
for
each of them. (10 %)
1)
applied linguistics
2) displacement
3) cultural transmission
4) open
class words
5) free morpheme
6) syntax
7) superordinate
8) locutionary act
9) acronyms
10) intercultural communication
II.
Studying
linguistics
we
have
been
acquainted
with
many
linguists,
some
of
whom
are
listed
below.
Write
out
a
phrase
that
may
best
represent
their
contributions to
linguistics.
(
10%
)
1) Ferdinand de Saussure
2)
M. A. K. Halliday;
3) Edward Sapir;
4) Paul Grice
5) Noam Chomsky.
III. Linguistics as a specified
discipline has its own technical ways of
operation.
Try to fill the blanks to
demonstrate your technical sense of linguistics.
(15%)
1.
The
study
of
1)__________
used
in
linguistic
communication
led
to
the
establishment of phonetics.
2.
When the study of meaning is
conducted, not in
isolation, but in the context of
language
use,
it
becomes
another
branch
of
linguistic
study
called
2)___________.
3.
Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language
1
专
业:外国语言学及应用语言学
课程名称:语言学及翻译(
804
)
共
5
页
第
2
页
at
some point of time in history is a 3)
_____________ study; the description of
a language as it changes through time
is a 4) ____________ study.
4.
Please give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound descriptions:
voiced labiodental
fricative: 5)________;
voiceless alveolar stop: 6)________;
voiced
bilabial nasal: 7)__________.
5.
The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a
register, which is determined by three
social variables: 8) ________ of discourse,
9) _________ of discourse, and 10)
_______ of discourse.
6.
In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are regarded as members of social groups. The
social
group that
is
singled out
for any
special
study is
called the 11)________
___________.
7.
A 12) ________
_________ is a linguistic variety used by people living in the
same
geographical
region
while
13)________
_________,
which
is
characteristic
of
a
particular
social
class,
has
to
do
with
separation
brought
about by different
social conditions.
8.
An American linguist, Martin Joos, distinguishes five stages of formality, namely,
(1) 14)_________, (2) casual, (3)
consultative, (4) formal,
(5) 15) _________.
IV
. To be a student of linguistics, one needs to develop a sense of critical thinking.
Please answer the
following questions to demonstrate your critical
potentials.
(35%)
1.
From the generally accepted definition of language, we learn that
“
Language is a
system of arbitrary vocal symbols
used for human communication.
”
How would
you explain that language is
arbitrary? Is language entirely arbitrary?
2.
Explain the ambiguity of the following sentence by providing two sentences that
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