个性签名女生2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

”

在老年保健领域的研究工作。体裁接近下午六级

section C

。文章主旨题，

答案出现在听力开篇处，第一句话直接出答案，在开头走神的 考生很容易失去第一道题的答案。细节题。细节题，

和第

2

题的位置很接近。但通过反复听到的

“old”

和

”health”

，不难找到答案。

原文：

My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight

infections. It also protects us from viruses and from autoimmune diseases. We know that as we get older, it's easier for us

to get affections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't

function so well w

hen we age. In most of our work, when we were looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always

have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the One Thousand Elders,

these volunteers are all 65 or over, but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples to be

interviewed and to help us to carry out a whole range of research. The real impact of our research is going to be on health

in old age. At the moment, we are living much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at 2 years for every decade, that means

an extra 5 hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they are not

spending time in hospital with infection. Felling unwell and being generally weak we want people to be healthy even when

they are old.

Questions 19

—

21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research

20. What are the volunteers are asked to do in the research

21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research

Passage 3

短文第

3

篇是记叙文，

人物故事题。

介绍了一个老师在小学教授国际象棋的 事，

也介绍了这所小学的教学特点。

介绍学校和人物故事是四级短文出现 很多次的类型。

1.

第一题答案仍然出现在听力开篇处，第一句话直接出答案。

2.

细节题。

3.

细节题

4.

细节题。

When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Kilip Eleme

ntary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and

was struggling to connect with students, he noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kid would get together to

play chess. “I know how to play chess, let me go and show these kids how to do it,” he said. Now, Komada coaches the

school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. And this week, dozens of

those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at

the Super Nationals of Chess. The competition only happens every four years, and the last time the team went, they won

the third place in the nation. Komada says Chess gives him and his students control. The school has the highest number of

kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night. As 2 months ago, a young man was shot just down

the street. Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons

proved valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students are

more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.

Questions 22

—

25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Kilip Elementary

23. What are dozens of students from Komada’s school going to do this week

24. What do we learn about the students of Kilip Elementary

25. What have the students learned from Komada

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from

a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your

choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ANSWER

SHEET 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs (

暗礁

) perfect for scuba driving (

水肺式潜泳

) and

preserving marine 26 . Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn’t normally

ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was 27 of everything potentially harmful to the environment

and sunk off the Aegean coast today/ Not only will the sunken plane 28 the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but

authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourist to the area.

The plane 29 a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will 30 be able to venture through the

cabin and around the plane’s 31 . Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for j

ust under

US$$100,000,but they hope to see a return on that 32 through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is

expected to fall this year as the country has been the 33 of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go,this

Airbus A300 is the largest 34 sunk aircraft ever.

Taking a trip underwater and 35 the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what

Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers,

this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver’s paradise(

天堂

).

A) create B) depressed C) eventually D) Experiences E) exploring F) exterior G) habitats H) innovate

I)intentionally J)investment K)revealing L)stretches

M)stripped N)territory O)victim

答案：

26. G 27. M 28. A 29. L

32. J 33. O 34. I 35. E

【答案解析】

26. < /p>

根据空格位置，

marine

此处形容词，可判断出

26

题应为名词。

marine

的意思是

“

海生的，海运的

”

固定搭

配

“m arine habitat”

海洋栖息地。所以本题答案为

“G”habita t“

栖息地

”

。

27.

根据空格位置，

词性应该为动词的被动态。

本篇文章对

持有肯定态度，

所以此句想表达

“A300”

对环境

没有任何潜在的坏处，故答案应为

“M”, “be stripped of”

意为

“

剥夺

”

。

28.

此题空格前有

“will”,

所以此处应填动词原形。选项中动 词原形有

“A”

和

“H”,

根据句意得知，沉没 的飞机可

以让人工珊瑚长的更好。所以本题答案为

“A”

，

create“

创造，产生

”

。

29.

此处应填动词原形，主语为

“plane”

，故谓语动词应为单三形式。所以答案是

“L”,stretches

意为

“

延伸

”

，此处

指< /p>

“

飞机机身总长为

54

米

”

。

30.

此处应填副词，

用来修饰后面的

“be able to venture”,

答案应锁定在

“C”ev

entually

和

“L”intentionally

。

这句话< /p>

的意思是水肺式潜水者能够在船舱内冒险。故选项

“C”eventual ly“

最终地

”

，更符合句意。

31.

此处应填名词形式，

因为空格前为

“plane’s”

。

名词选项有

“F”

和

“N”

。

空格处前半句是时候水肺式潜水者能够

在船舱内冒险，所以后半句应该为他们也可以在船舱外面冒险。故答案为

“F”exterio r“

外部，表面

”

。

32.

因为空格前为

“on that”...

所以此处应为名词。

本句话的大意是：

买这架飞机花了很多钱，

所以他们希望通过

旅游业能够看到自己投资的回报。所以答案为

“ J”investment“

投资

”

。

33.

此处应填名词形式。

空格后的内容为

严重的致命恐怖袭击

”

，

所以空格处应为< /p>

victim“

受害者

”

。

故答案为

“O”

。

34.

此处 应为副词形式。因为副词修饰形容词

“largest”

。副词只剩

“I”intentionally

有目的性地，故意地，修饰后

面< /p>

sunk,

所以本题答案为

“I”

。

35.

此题应为形式，

与

and

前的

“taking a trip underwater”

保持并列 。

“E”exploring

和

“K”revealing

都是形式。

根据

本句句意，

“E”explor ing“

探索

”

更符合句意。本句话的意思是

“< /p>

水下旅行和探索沉没的

A300

的内部都会是一场冒险

”

。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement

contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You

may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the

corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when

one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing,

going through security, doing a last- minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to

have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same

studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (

继续处理

) the emails that have inevitably

still piled up.

[B] Why should flying deplete us We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (

有

复原力的

) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves Based on our current

research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem

comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself

through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play.

We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However,

this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful.

Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and

safety problems. And lack of recovery

—

whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive

arousal by watching our phones

—

is costing our companies $$62 billion a year in lost productivity.

[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we

spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking

about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that % of Norwegians

have become workaholics(

工作狂

). The

scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about

work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other

important life areas.”

[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which

prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the . Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical

company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery,

resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience

might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A

resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with

his impaired dr

iving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self

-control with

his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the

bad habits we acquire when

we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more

time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in

order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become

due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a

recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

[I] So how do we recover and build resilience Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails

or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning,

you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall

asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still

feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As

r

esearchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of

relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or

unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required

for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of

work

—

. in the free time between

the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around

on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how

to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as

much as our bodies do.

[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be

tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day

by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many

times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by

strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every

distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for

hours a day.

[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at

your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends

—

not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off,

which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work

-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase.

The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and

unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch

movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to

return to the performance zone.

36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover,

but also increases one’s work efficiency.

39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbri

nging.

45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

答案：答案：

37. J 38. L 39. A 40. E 41. K 42. I

44. G 45. C

36.

答案：

D

。题干中

inadequate recovery

替换原文

D

段中的

lack of a recovery

。

37.

答案：

J

。

题干中

relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is

替换原文

J

段中第二句的

the mental or

physical resources required

。

38.

答案：

L

。题干中

increases one’s work efficiency

替换原文

L

段最后 一句中的

raises your productivity

39.

答案：

A

。题干中

has a hectic time before taking a flight.

替换原文

A

段第三句中的

Then, when we try to have

that amazing work session in flight

。

40.

答案：

E

。

题干中

Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped worki ng.

替换原文

E

段第一句

的

。

41.

答案：

K

。题干中

technology be used to prevent people from overworking

替换原文

K

段第二句中的

by using

technology to control overworking

。

42.

答案：

I

题干中

rest does not equal recovery

替换原文

I

段中最后一句

That’s because rest and recovery are not

the same thing

。

43.

答案：

B

。

题干中

problem results from a misunderstanding

替换原文

B

段最后一句中的

the problem comes from

a misconception

。

44.

答案：

G

题干中

developed from their upbringing

替换原文

G

段中第一句的

often bred from an early age

45.

答案：

C

题干中

People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

替换原文

C

段第二句中的

We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will

be

。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions unfinished statements.

For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the

corresponding…….

Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time …….. t

raining

—

this summer, a group

of culture addicts, artists and community organization …. New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on

Governor’s Island.

The project is called Writing On it All, and it’s a participatory writing project ….. that has happened on Governor’s

Island every summer since 2013.

“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island…..,or they just kind of happen to be

there,” Alexandra Chasin , artistic director…… tells .

The 2016 season runs th

rough June 26 and features sessions facilitated by …..to domestic workers . Each session has

a theme, and participants are give ….and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. ….range from

one that turns the house into a collaborativ

e essay to one……of exile.

…..vernor’s Island is a national historic landmark district long used for ….own as “New York’s shared space for art and

play,” the island , …… and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay ,is closed to cars but open to …for festivals, picni

cs, adventures,

as well as these “legal graffiti(

涂鸦

)…… notes and art scribbled (

涂画

)on the walls are an experiment in self-

…… have

ranged in age from 2 to

Chasin says the focus of….activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written,

some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.

“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls, ”says Chasin,

explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because o

f it. “people do beautiful work and

leave beautiful messages.”

46. what does the project Writing On It All invite people to do

A) Unlearn their training in drawing.

B) Participate in a state graffiti show.

C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti

D) Exhibit their artistic creation in an old house.

47. what do we learn about the participants in the project

A) They are just culture addicts. C)They are writers and artists

B) They are graffiti enthusiasts D)They are mostly passers-by

48. What did the project participants do during the 2016 season

A) They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.

B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session

C) They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.

D) They were required to cooperate with other creators.

49. What kind of place is Governor’s Island

A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists

B) It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles

C) It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles

D) It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.

50. What does Chasin say about the project

A) It just focused on the sufferings of black females

B) It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.

C) It has started the career of many creative artists.

D) It has created some meaningful artistic works.

【答案】

CDBAD

【解析】

46.

选

C

，替换了原文

para1

中的

to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor’s Island.

：

对原文

1-1

细节信息的改写重 组：

原文

1-1

中的

learn

被 改成

unlearn ,

再结合

train

贺< /p>

draw

两个原文复现词

汇，组合成了该干扰选项。

B

：对原文信息的增补，文中未提及这个活动是一场

show

。学生易选到该选项是因为受到

2-1participator y

一词

的干扰。

D

：属于无中生有，

artistic creations

未出现过

47.

选

D

，由定位词

participants

定位 在

3-1

，

D

选项对原文的

peo ple who are just walking by

进行了改写

A

，

C

，

B

选 项受

1-2

中信息

culture addicts, artists….

等的干扰

48.

选

B

，由定位词

2016season

回到原文

para4, B

答案是对

4-2Each season has a theme , and participants are

given … and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art.

A :

原文未提及

be free to scribble

C

：受到

4-4

中

collab orative

一词的干扰，对原文进行了概念的偷换

D

：

“

他们被要求与其他创作者协同合作

”

符合常识，易被学生搞混

49.

选

A

，

A

是对原文

5-

1… is a national historic landmark district long used for ….

的改写

B

：错在

only to..

原文

5-4

说明这个岛屿还会对其他对象开放

< /p>

C

：原文细节信息重组，

4-5

与

5-3

重组出的错误信息

D

：无中生有

50.

选

D

，是对

6-

3“people do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages”

的改写

A

：错在

just focused on….

原文未提及这点

B

：错在

help expand the influence of…

这个选项很符合常识，所以易被选去

C

：

“

它开启了许多创造性艺术家们的事业生涯

”

也是个符合常识的选项，易被选去，但原文未提及这点。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage

Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient cost-saving, a

recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them

or stick with them.

The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, helping people challenge

negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT

programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a

computer.

A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (

随机的

) control trialwith691 depressed

patients from 83 physician practices across the England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received

only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two

computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background,

severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(

抗抑郁药

).

After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over

the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.

“It’s an important, cautionary note that we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a comp

uter system can

replace doctors and therapists,” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of

Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.”

Being depres

sed can mean feeling “lost in your own small, negative, dark world,” Dowrick says. Having a person,

instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you’re

emotionally vulnerable, you’re even more need of a caring human beings,” he says.

51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs

A) Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.

B) Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.