-
考研英语二
_
图表作文写作方法和模板
图表作文（一）
第一节
图表作文的类型
图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。
表作文
表格
(Table)
可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标 题
(Title)
、表头
(Boxhead)(
表格的第一行
)
、侧目
(Stub)(
表格 左边的第一列
)
和主体
(Body)
部分
(
表格的其余
部分
)
等部分组成。 如下表：
用表格表达的信息具体准 确，
而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。
阅读表格时要注意
找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，
表格中各个项目的变化规律。
例如，
上面的表格中的数字
说明，和
1978
年相比，
1983
年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清
楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。
(1)
圆形图作文
圆形图
(Pie chart)
也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空
间大小差
别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，
楔形块
表示分量。
有时圆形图还有数值表，
两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、
清楚。
例如：
This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain.
As can be see from the chart, the main
expenditure of an average British family is
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spent
on
food,
which
accounts
for
25%
of
its
total
expenditure.
The
next
two
significant
expending
items
are
transport
and
housing,
which
are
15%
and
12%
respectively. If we take into account
clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%,
the
four
essentials
of
life,
that
is,
food,
transport,
housing,
and
clothing
and
footwear, amount to 62% of the total
expenditure.
(2)
曲线图作文
曲线图
(Line graph)
也称为线性图或坐标图。
曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发
展过程和趋势。
一般来 说，
曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。
曲线图
有横轴和纵轴。
一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，
然后再看纵轴所 显示的意义。
同时必
须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：
这个曲线图的横轴代表
1990
年的不同的月份，
纵轴代表交通事故的数量。
从交通事故
曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点
(39)
，
此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点<
/p>
(16)
。可见，
1990
年的交通事故的数量总< /p>
体上呈下降的趋势。
(3)
条形图作文
条形图
(Bar
graph)
也称为立柱图或圆 柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表
不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常
用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：
1)
同一
项目
在不同时间的量
;2)
同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看 横轴、
纵横各代表什么量，
每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，
最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各
长条间的相互关系。例如：
< /p>
左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，
纵轴代表期望寿命
(Lif e Expectancy)
，
这一条形图想要
体现的是
同一项目
(
期望寿命
)
在不同时间的量。右边的条 形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是
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代表婴儿的死亡率
(Infant Mortality)
，
这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目
(
婴儿的死亡率
)
在不同时间的量。
左边的条形图表明
1990< /p>
年的人均期望寿命比
1960
年的人均期望寿命长
< br>20
岁，而
1990
年的婴儿死亡率比
19 60
年的婴儿死亡率下降了
50%
。
第二节
图表作文的出题形式
例
1
题目：
Changes in People
’
s Diet
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the
information given
in the table. Write three paragraphs to :
1. state the changes in people
’
s diet (
饮食
) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
例
2
题目：
Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
Remember that your composition must be
written according to the following
outline;
1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as
few figures as
possible.
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例
3 For this part
, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic
Health
Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition
must be no less than 120
words and you
should base your composition on the following
instructions (given
in Chinese):
1.
以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命
(life
expectancy)
和婴儿死亡率
(infant
mortality)
的变化情况
2.
说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上例子可见，
图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、
圆形
图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：
1)
用文字描述图 表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势
;
2)
就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
第三节
图表作文的写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映 的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，
对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，
并提出结论或看法。
因此，
图表作文常常
采用
议论文体的写作方法。
写好图表作 文，
关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，
把握各信息间的联系，
用准确
流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。
图表作文的写作步骤
写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：
1)
认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间 的关系
;
2)
确定 文章的主题思想，
构思出文章的基本框架，
筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数< /p>
文档
据
;
3)
编列文章的提纲
;
4)
根据文章的提纲，
将各段的提纲内容扩展成 段落，
然后将各个段落组成文章，
注意段
与段之间的衔接
与过渡
;
5)
检查与修改。
图表作文的篇章结构
写图表作文时，
常采用三段式的谋篇方式。
文章的第一段
往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表
所揭示的信息。第
二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第
三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或
建议。这一
结构可以简单地表述为：
第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想
第二段：分析产生的原因
第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议
图表作文常用的句型
(1)
常用的开篇句型
(
即概述图表内容时常用的表达法
)
①
According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph,
we can see/conclude that
…
根据该表
/
图，我们可知
……
②
The
table/graph
reveals
(shows/indicates/illustrates/
represents/points out) that
…
该表
/
图表明……
③
As we can see from the table
…
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As can be seen from the line/bar graph
…
As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart
…
如表
/
图所示，……
(2)
描述增减变化常用的句型
①
Compared with
…
is still increased by
…
②
The number of
…
grew/rose from
…
to
…
③
An increase is shown in
…
; then came a sharp increase
of
…
④
In
…
the number remains the same/drops to
…
⑤
There
was
a
very
slight
(small/slow/gradual)
rise/increase in 1990.
⑥
There
was
a
very
steady
(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/
dramatic)
drop
(decrease/
decline/
fall/
reduction)
in
1998/
compared with
that of last year).
下面是根据例
2
的题目要求写的范文。
⑴
From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city
fluctuated
during
the
year
of
1990.
⑵
The
first
two
months
of
1990
showed
an
increasing trend.
⑶
The rate
rose to
32 in March but
fell to
26 in June.
⑷
From June
on
,
the
rate
was
rising
again
and
reached
the
peak
point
39
in
August.
⑸
After
August the rate began to decline
remarkably
, and eventually
dropped to the lowest
poin
t
16
at
the
end
of
the
year.
⑹
Therefore,
it
’
s
obvious
that
car
accident
in
Walton city declined in 1990.
⑴主题 句
/
概述表格反映的内容⑵—
(5)
反映交通事故 的变化
文档
情况
(6 )
小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势
⑺
There are several reasons for the decline.
⑻
First, a new traffic law was made
and
came
into
force
.
⑼
It
provided
that
in
summer
every
car
must
be
air-conditioned.
⑽
As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high
temperature
make
drivers
impatient
and
easily
lead
to
car
accidents,
dropped
steadily.
⑾
Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened,
which
quickened the flow of traffic.
⑿
Finally, the city administration made great
efforts to heighten
people
’
s awareness of observing traffic rules.
⑺主题句⑻原因
/
措施一
⑼解释措施一
/
次要辅助⑽采取措施一后的结果⑾原因
/
措施二⑿原因
/
措施三
⒀
With all these new measures, I
’
m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city
will go on falling this
year.
⒀总结：展望未来的情况
第四节、
图表作文练习及其参考范文
下面是写作练习，在写作的过程中注意审题，
考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、
开头
的结尾的方法以及文章
中的过渡等。
练习
1
：
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
thirty
minutes
to
write
a
composition of no less than 120 words
on Changes in People
’
s Diet. Study the
following table carefully and your
composition must be based on the information
given in the table. Write three
paragraphs to:
1. state the changes in people
’
s diet (
饮食
) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
文档
You should quote as few figures as possible.
⑴
As
is
shown
in
the
table,
there
have
been
great
changes
in
people's
diet
between
1986
and
1990.
⑵
From
the
table,
we
can
find
that
grain,
formerly
the
main food of most Chinese people, is
now playing a less important role in people's
diet.
⑶
And
the
same
goes
for
fruit
and
vegetables.
⑷
On
the
other
hand,
the
consumption of high-nutrition food such
milk and meat has increased rapidly.
⑸
What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (
主题句
)
. (6)
First,
people
are
much
wealthier
than
before.
(7)
With
higher
income,
they
can
afford to buy nutritious foods. (8)
Second, people have realized the importance of a
balanced
diet
to
their
health.
(9)
Lack
of
certain
amount
of
meat
or
milk,
for
example, will result in poor health.
(10) Finally,
owing to
the economic reform, meat
and milk, which were
scarce in the past, are produced in large
quantities.
(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much
rich
food
may
result
in
obesity
and
may
other
diseases.
(12)Therefore,
people
should
not
only
eat
a
lot
of
milk
and
meat,
but
also
enough
grain,
fruit
and
vegetable for
the sake of their health.
图表作文（二）
一、图表作文写作常识
1
、图形种类及概述法：
泛指一份数据图表：
a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
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饼图：
pie chart
直方图或柱形图：
bar chart / histogram
趋势曲线图：
line chart / curve diagram
表格图：
table
流程图或过程图：
flow chart / sequence diagram
程序图：
processing/procedures diagram
2
、常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows
（
that
）
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As
（
is
）
shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures
，
figures/statistics shows
（
that
）……
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures
（
that
）
……
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how
……
3
、图表中的数据（
Data
）具体表达法
< p>数据（
Data
）在某一个时间段固定不变：
fixed in time
在一系列的时间段中转变：
changes over time
持续变化的
data
在不同情况下：
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增加：
increase / raise / rise / go up
……
减少：
decrease / grow down / drop / fall
……
波动：
fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave
……
稳定：
remain stable / stabilize / level off
……
最常用的两种表达法：
动词
+
副词形式（
Verb+Adverb form
）
形容词
+
名词形式（
Adjective+Noun form
）
二、相关常用词组
1
、主章开头
图表类型：
table
、
chart
、
diagramgraph
、
column chart
、
pie graph
描述：
show
、
describe
、
illustrate
、
can be seen from
、
clear
、
apparent
、
reveal
、
represent
内容：
figure
、
statistic
、
number
、
percentage
、
proportion
2
、表示数据变化的单词或者词组
rapid/rapidly
迅速的，飞快的，险峻的
dramatic/dramatically
戏剧性的，生动的
significant/significantly
有意义的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply
锐利的，明显的，急剧的
steep/steeply
急剧升降的
steady/steadily
稳固的，坚定不移的
gradual/gradually
渐进的，逐渐的
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slow/slowly
缓慢的，不活跃的
slight/slightly
轻微的、略微地
stable/stably
稳定的
3
、其它在描述中的常用到的词
significant changes
图中一些较大变化
noticeable trend
明显趋势
during the same period
在同一时期
grow/grew
增长
distribute
分布，区别
unequally
不相等地
in the case of adv.
在……的情况下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding
在……方面
in contrast
相反，大不相同
government policy
政府政策
market forces
市场规率
measure
n.
尺寸，方法，措施
v.
估量，调节
forecast
n.
先见，预见
v.
预测
三、英语图表写作套句精选
table
shows
the
changes
in
the
number
of
……
over
the
period
from
……
to
……
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
文档
bar chart illustrates that
……
该柱状图展示了……
graph provides some interesting data regarding
……
该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
diagram shows
（
that
）……
该图向我们展示了……
pie graph depicts
（
that
）……
该圆形图揭示了……
is a cure graph which describes the trend of
……这个曲线图描述了……的趋
势。
figures/statistics show
（
that
）……
数据（字）表明……
tree diagram reveals how
……
该树型图向我们揭示了如何……
data/statistics show
（
that
）……
该数据（字）可以这样理解……
data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that
……
这些数据资料令我们得出结论……
is
shown/demonstrated/exhibited
in the
diagram/graph/chart/table
…如
图所示…
ing to the chart/figures
……
根据这些表（数字）……
is shown in the table
……
如表格所示……
can be seen from the diagram
，
great changes have taken place in
……
从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。
the
table/chart/diagram/figure
，
we
can
see
clearly
that
……
or
it
is
clear/apparent from the chart
that
……
从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到……
is a graph which illustrates
……
这个图表向我们展示了……
table shows the changing proportion of a & b from
……
to
……
文档
< p>该表格描述了……年到……年间
a
与
b
的比例 关系。
graph
，
presented in a pie chart
，
shows the general trend in
……
该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。
is a column chart showing
……
这是个柱型图，描述了……
can be seen from the graph
，
the two curves show the fluctuation of
……
如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
the
period from
…
to
…
the
…
remained level.
在…至…期间，…基本不变。
the year between
……
and
……
在……年到……期间……
the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998
……
1995
年至< /p>
1998
三年
里……
then on/from this time onwards
……
从那时起……
number
of
…
…
remained
steady/stable
from
（
month/year
）
to
（
month/year
）。
……月（年）至……月（年）……的数量基本不变。
number sharply went up to
……
数字急剧上升至……
percentage
of
…
stayed
the
same
between
…
and
……至…期间…的比率维持
不变。
figures peaked at
……
i n
（
month/year
）……的数目在……月（年）达到顶点 ，
为……
percentage remained steady at
……
比率维持在……
percentage of
…
is slightly larger/smaller than that of
比例比…的比例略高
（低）。
文档
is not a great deal of difference between< /p>
……
and
………与……的区别不大。
graphs show a threefold increase in the number of
……
该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。
33
……
decreased year by year while
……
increased steadily.
……逐年减少，而……逐步上升。
situation reached a peak
（
a high point at
）
of[%].
……的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为……百分点。
figures/situation bottomed out in
……
数字（情况）在……达到底部。
figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
数字（情况）达到底
部（低谷）。
37.a is
……
times as much/many as b.
a
是
b
的……倍。
38.a increased by
……
a
增长了……
39.a increased to
……
a
增长到……
/low/great/small/ percentage.
比低高（低）
is an upward trend in the number of
……
……数字呈上升趋势。
42.a
considerable
increase/decrease occurred from
……
to
………到……发生急剧上
升。
……
to
……
the rate of decrease slow down.
从……到……，
下降速率减慢。
this year on
，
there was a gradual declinel reduction in the
……，
reaching
a figure
of
……
从这年起，……逐渐下降至……
similar to
……
与……相似
the same as
……
与……相同
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are a lot similarities/differences between
……
and
……
……与……之间有许多相似（不同）之处
48.a has something in common with b
a
于
b
有共同之处。
difference between a and b lies in
……
a
与
b
之间的差别在于……
50
……（
year
）
witnessed/saw a sharp rise in
……
……年……急剧上升
开头段转述题目常用句型
The line graph describes/ illustrates/
demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/
shows
…
后面跟名词或者从句
开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型
According to/ As shown in/ As can be
seen from
…
后面跟图表的类型
It can be seen from
…后面跟图表的类型…
that
It is manifest
from
…后面跟图表的类型…
that
表示上升的动词
Go
up(went
up)
/rise(rose)/
grow(grew)/
increase(increased)/
ascend(ascended)
,
其中
rise
和
increase
也经常作名词
, grow-growth
表示急剧上升的动词
Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up
(shot up)/ soar(soared)
其中
surge
< p>也可以做
名词
表示下降的动词
Decline/
fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend,
其中
decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease
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也经常
做名词
表示急剧下降的动词
Plummet/ plunge
表示速度快的形容词
Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/
rapid/precipitous/steep
副词加
-ly
表示幅度大的形容词
Marked/ substantial /
significant,
副词加
-ly
表示缓慢
,
逐渐的形容词
Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow,
副词加
-ly
表示小幅度的形容词
Modest/ moderate/ slight,
副词加
-ly
表示波动的动词
Fluctuate,
不及物动词
,
名词
fluctuation
表示稳定在一个水平上的动词
Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/
stabilize at/ reached a plateau at
表示达到最高的动词
Peak at/ reach the highest point at ,
peak
也可以做名词
表示达到最低的动词
Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point
at/ bottom out at, bottom
也可以做名词
表示经历了某种变化的及物动词
Experience/ witness/ see
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表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组
Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/
register/ stand at
表示占…
(
后面跟百分数或数字
)
的及物动词或词组
Account for/ represent /
constitute / make up
表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组
A is composed of/comprise/ is made up
of/ consists of B,C and D.
注意和
include
区
别
表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词
Project/ predict / forecast
表示
分别
的副词
Respectively
—
in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals
respectively.
表示
大约
的副词或者词组
About, around,
approximately, roughly, just over, just under
图表作文（三）
作文
1
DIRECTIONS: A. Study the following
graphs carefully and write an essay in at least
150 words. B. Your essay must be
written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your
essay should cover these three points:
1. effect of the
country
’
s growing human population on its wildlife
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2. possible reason for the effect
3. your suggestion for wildlife
protection
【段落类型分析】
第一段
第二段
第三段
图画
/
图表描述段
原因阐释段
建议措施段
【参考范文一】
From
these
graphs,
we
can
draw
a
conclusion
that,
with
the
growth
of
human
population,
the
number
of
species
has
decreased
rapidly
in
America,
and
some
species have even vanished from our
planet.
There are numerous reasons
accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to
explore a few of the most important
ones here. Above all, as the human population
grows rapidly, a growing number of
people came to live where some wild species
have been living. Then these species
have to move to other places. Some of them
probably
can
not
adapt
to
the
new
environment
and
die.
In
addition,
although
many people look on the wildlife as
their friends, some people may not think so.
They
catch
a
lot
of
wild
animals
and
sell
them
in
order
to
get
more
money.
Consequently,
the
natural
balance
and
the
ecologic
environment
are
destroyed.
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The clear cutting has become
increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife
become
homeless and extinct.
In
order to
protect the wildlife,
I
have some suggestions.
First,
the
governments
should
make
laws
to
prevent
them
from
being
caught
and
killed.
Second,
the
governments
should
educate
people
to
love
nature
and
protect
it.
Third,
as
for
ourselves, we should take practical
actions to protect our living environment. (210
words)
【参考范文二】
The two
charts show that the increase in the U.S.
population has been accompanied
by a
corresponding decline in the number of wildlife
species. Far too many species
have been
lost already. This poses a danger to the
ecological balance.
As the human
population expands, wild animals in mounting
numbers are hunted
for food, or because
they are thought to present a threat to man. But
studies show
that one of the primary
causes of the disappearance of wildlife is
pollution, which is
one of the
consequences of population growth and economic
development. This
makes us wonder if
men are able to share this planet in harmony with
other life
forms.
In my
opinion, it is imperative for us to take steps to
reverse the disturbing trend
illustrated in the charts. One measure
would be to forbid the building of cities in
areas where wild life is threatened
with extinction. But, more importantly, men must
learn to stop polluting the
environment, or he himself will be extinct. (167
words)
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