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红领巾心向党作文考研英语二_图表作文写作方法和模板__非常全_有作用

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://bjmy2z.cn/zuowen
2020-12-30 14:57
tags:高等教育, 研究生入学考试

-

2020年12月30日发(作者:黄健中)


考研英语二

_

图表作文写作方法和模板




图表作文(一)


第一节

图表作文的类型


图表作文可分为两大类:表作文和图作文。


表作文


表格

(Table)

可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较。表格常由标 题

(Title)

、表头


(Boxhead)(

表格的第一行

)

侧目

(Stub)(

表格左边的第一列

)

和主体

(Body)

部分

(

表格的其余


部分

)

等部分组成。如下表:


用表格表 达的信息具体准确,

而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。

阅读表格时要注意


找出表格中各个项目的相互关系,

表格中各个项目的变化规律。

例如,

上面的表格中的数字


说明,和

1978

年相比,

1983

年大学入学的人数在增加,而小学的入学人数在减少。搞 清楚


这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。


图作文


图作文又可分为三种:圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。


(1)

圆形图作文


圆形图

(Pie chart)

也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观,各部分


空间大小差 别容易分辨,

所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。

整个圆表示总量,


楔形块表示分量。

有时圆形图还有数值表,

两者结合可把 各分量表示得更准确、

清楚。

例如:


This

is

a

pie

chart

of

the

average

weekly

expenditure

of

a

family

in

Great

Britain.


As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is


spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two


significant

expending

items

are

transport

and

housing,

which

are

15%

and

12%


respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%,


the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and


footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.


(2)

曲线图作文


曲线图

(Line

graph)

也称为线性图或 坐标图。

曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发


展过程和趋势。

一般来说,

曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。

曲线 图


有横轴和纵轴。

一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,

然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。

同时必


须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变 化。例如:


这个曲线图的横轴代表

1990

年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故


曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点

(3 9)


此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点

( 16)

。可见,

1990

年的交通事故的数量总

< br>体上呈下降的趋势。


(3)

条形图作文


条形图

(Bar graph)

也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由 宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表


不同的量。

当要比较几个项目或量时,常 用不同颜色来区分。

条形图主要用来表示:

1)

同一


项目在不同时间的量

;2)

同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时,要 先看图例,再看横轴、


纵横各代表什么量,

每一个刻度所代表的值是多少 ,

最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各


长条间的相互关系。例如:


左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命

(Life Expe ctancy)

,这一条形图想


要体现的是同一项目

(< /p>

期望寿命

)

在不同时间的量。

右边的条形图的横轴也 是代表时间,

纵轴


是代表婴儿的死亡率

(Infant Mortality)

,这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目

(

婴 儿的死


亡率

)

在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明

1990

年的人均期望寿命比

1960

年的人均期望寿< /p>


命长

20

岁,而

1990

年 的婴儿死亡率比

1960

年的婴儿死亡率下降了

50%

< p>。



第二节

图表作文的出题形式


1

题目:

Changes in People

s Diet


Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the


information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :


1. state the changes in people

s diet (

饮食

) in the past five years;


2. give possible reasons for the changes;


3. draw your own conclusions.


You should quote as few figures as possible.



2

题目:

Car Accidents Declining in Walton City


Remember that your composition must be written according to the following


outline;


1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;


2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;


3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.


Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few


figures as possible.



3 For this part

, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic


Health

Gain

in

Developing

Countries.

Your

composition

must

be

no

less

than

120

words


and

you

should

base

your

composition

on

the

following

instructions

(given

in


Chinese):


1.

以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命

(life expectancy)

和婴儿死亡率

(infant


mortality)

的变化情况


2.

说明引起变化的各种原因


从以上例子可见,

图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、

圆形


图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:


1)

用文字描述图 表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势

;


2)

就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。



第三节

图表作文的写作要领


图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映 的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,


对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,

并提出结论或看法。

因此,

图表作文常常


采用 议论文体的写作方法。


写好图表作 文,

关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,

把握各信息间的联系,

用准确


流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。


图表作文的写作步骤


写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤:


1)

认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间 的关系

;


2)

确定 文章的主题思想,

构思出文章的基本框架,

筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数< /p>


;


3)

编列文章的提纲

;


4)

根据文章的提纲,

将各段的提纲内容扩展成 段落,

然后将各个段落组成文章,

注意段


与段之间的衔接 与过渡

;


5)

检查与修改。


图表作文的篇章结构



写图表作文时,

常采用三段式的谋篇方式。

文章的第一段


往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表


所揭示的信息。第 二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第


三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或 建议。这一


结构可以简单地表述为:


第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想


第二段:分析产生的原因


第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议




图表作文常用的句型


(1)

常用的开篇句型

(

即概述图表内容时常用的表达法

)


According

to

the

table/pie

chart/line

graph/bar

graph,


we can see/conclude that

根据该表

/

图,我们可知

……


The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/


represents/points out) that

该表

/

图表明……


As we can see from the table


As can be seen from the line/bar graph


As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart


如表

/

图所示,……


(2)

描述增减变化常用的句型


Compared with

is still increased by


The number of

grew/rose from

to


An increase is shown in

; then came a sharp increase


of


In

the number remains the same/drops to


There

was

a

very

slight

(small/slow/gradual)


rise/increase in 1990.


There

was

a

very

steady

(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/


dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/


compared with that of last year).


下面是根据例

2

的题目要求写的范文。


From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city


fluctuated

during the year of 1990.

The first two months of 1990 showed an


increasing

trend.

The

rate

rose

to

32

in

March

but

fell

to

26

in

June.

From

June


on

,

the

rate

was

rising

again

and

reached

the

peak

point

39

in

August.

After

August


the rate began to decline

remarkably

, and eventually

dropped to the lowest poin

t


16 at the end of the year.

Therefore, it

s obvious that car accident in Walton


city

declined

in

1 990.

⑴主题句

/

概述表格反映的内容⑵—

(5 )

反映交通事故的变化情况

(6)


小结:总结表格数据反 映的总趋势


There

are

several

reasons

for

the

decline.

First,

a

new

traffic

law

was

made


and

came

into

force

.

It

provided

that

in

summer

every

car

must

be

air-conditioned.


As a result, the highest rate

in August, when

humidity and high temperature make


drivers

impatient

and

easily

lead

to

car

accidents,

dropped

steadily.

Second,

new


roads were built

and some narrow streets

were

widened,

which quickened the flow

of


traffic.

Finally,

the

city

administration

made

great

efforts

to

heighten

people


s awareness of observing traffic rules.

⑺主题句⑻原因

/

措施一⑼解释措施一

/

次要辅


助⑽采取措施一后的 结果⑾原因

/

措施二⑿原因

/

措施三


With all these new measures, I

m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton


city will go on falling this year.

⒀总结:展望未来的情况



第四节、

图表作文练习及其参考范文


下面是写作练习,在写作的过程中注意审题,

考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、

开头


的结尾的方法以及文章 中的过渡等。


练习

1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a


composition

of

no

less

than

120

words

on

Changes

in

People

s

Diet.

Study

the

following


table carefully

and your composition must be based on the information

given in the


table. Write three paragraphs to:


1. state the changes in people

s diet (

饮食

) in the past five years;


2. give possible reasons for the changes;


3. draw your own conclusions.


You should quote as few figures as possible.


As

is

shown

in

the

table,

there

have

been

great

changes

in

people's

diet

between


1986 and 1990.

From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of


most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people's diet.

And


the same goes for fruit and vegetables.

On the other hand, the consumption of


high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.


What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (

主题句

)

. (6)


First,

people

are

much

wealthier

than

before.

(7)

With

higher

income,

they

can

afford


to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a


balanced

diet

to

their

health.

(9)

Lack

of

certain

amount

of

meat

or

milk,

for

example,


will result in poor health. (10) Finally,

owing to

the economic reform, meat and


milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.


(11)

Although

milk

and

meat

are

important

to

one's

health,

eating

too

much

rich


food

may

result

in

obesity

and

may

other

diseases.

(12)Therefore,

people

should

not


only

eat

a

lot

of

milk

and

meat,

but

also

enough

grain,

fruit

and

vegetable

for

the


sake of their health.




图表作文(二)


一、图表作文写作常识


1

、图形种类及概述法:


泛指一份数据图表:

a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table


饼图:

pie chart


直方图或柱形图:

bar chart / histogram


趋势曲线图:

line chart / curve diagram


表格图:

table


流程图或过程图:

flow chart / sequence diagram


程序图:

processing/procedures diagram


2

、常用的描述用法


The table/chart diagram/graph shows

that


According to the table/chart diagram/graph


As

is

shown in the table/chart diagram/graph


As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures


figures/statistics shows

that

)……


It can be seen from the figures/statistics


We can see from the figures/statistics
































It is clear from the figures/statistics


It is apparent from the figures/statistics


table/chart/diagram/graph figures

that

……


table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how

……


3

、图表中的数据(

Data

)具体表达法< /p>


数据(

Data

)在某一个时间段固定不 变:

fixed in time


在一系列的时间段中转变:

changes over time


持续变化的

data

在不同情况下:


增加:

increase / raise / rise / go up

……


减少:

decrease / grow down / drop / fall

……


波动:

fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave

……


稳定:

remain stable / stabilize / level off

……


最常用的两种表达法:


动词

+

副词形式(

Verb+Adverb form


形容词

+

名词形式(

Adjective +Noun form



二、相关常用词组


1

、主章开头


图表类型:

table

chart

diagramgraph

column chart

pie graph


描述:

show

describe

illustrate

can

be

seen

from

clear

apparent


reveal

、< /p>

represent


内容:

figure

statistic

nu mber

percentage

propor tion


2

、表示数据变化的单词或者词组


rapid/rapidly

迅速的,飞快的,险峻的


dramatic/dramatically

戏剧性的,生动的


significant/significantly

有意义的,重大的,重要的


sharp/sharply

锐利的,明显的,急剧的


steep/steeply

急剧升降的


steady/steadily

稳固的,坚定不移的


gradual/gradually

渐进的,逐渐的


slow/slowly

缓慢的,不活跃的


slight/slightly

轻微的、略微地


stable/stably

稳定的


3

、其它在描述中的常用到的词


significant changes

图中一些较大变化


noticeable trend

明显趋势


during the same period

在同一时期


grow/grew

增长


distribute

分布,区别


unequally

不相等地


in the case of adv.

在……的情况下


in terms of / in respect of / regarding

在……方面


in contrast

相反,大不相同


government policy

政府政策


market forces

市场规率


measure

n.

< p>尺寸,方法,措施

v.

估量,调节


forecast

n.

先见,预见

v.

预测



三、英语图表写作套句精选


table

shows

the

changes

in

the

number

of

……

over

the

period

from

……

to

……


该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。


bar chart illustrates that

……

该柱状图展示了……


graph provides some interesting data regarding

……


该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。


diagram shows

that

)……

该图向我们展示了……


pie graph depicts

that

)……

该圆形图揭示了……


is a cure graph which describes the trend of

……这个曲线图描述了……


的趋势。


figures/statistics show

that

)……

数据(字)表明……


tree diagram reveals how

……

该树型图向我们揭示了如何……


data/statistics show

that

)……

该数据(字)可以这样理解……


data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that

……


这些数据资料令我们得出结论……


is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table

…如图


所示…


ing to the chart/figures

……

根据这些表(数字)……


is shown in the table

……

如表格所示……


can be seen from the diagram

great changes have taken place in

……


从图中可以看出,……发生了巨大变化。


the table/chart/diagram/figure

we can see clearly that

……

or it is


clear/apparent from the chart that

……

从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到……


is a graph which illustrates

……

这个图表向我们展示了……


table shows the changing proportion of a & b from

……

to

……


该表格描述了……年到……年间

a< /p>

b

的比例关系。


graph

presented in a pie chart

shows the general trend in

……


该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。


is a column chart showing

……

这是个柱型图,描述了……


can be seen from the graph

the two curves show the fluctuation of

……


如图所示,两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。


the

period

from

to

the

remained

level.

在…至…期间,…基本不变。


the year between

……

and

……

在……年到……期间……


the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998

……

1995

年至< /p>

1998

三年


里……


then on/from this time onwards

……

从那时起……


number

of

……

remained

steady/stable

from

month/year

to

month/year


……月(年)至……月(年)……的数量基本不变。


number sharply went up to

……

数字急剧上升至……


percentage of

stayed the same between

and

……至…期间…的比率维持不


变。


figures

peaked

at

……

in

(< /p>

month/year

)……的数目在……月(年)达到顶点,

为……


percentage remained steady at

……

比率维持在……


percentage of

is slightly larger/smaller than that of

比例比…的比例


略高(低)。


is not a great deal of difference between

……

and

………与…… 的区别


不大。


graphs show a threefold increase in the number of

……


该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。


33

……

decreased year by year while

……

increased steadily.


……逐年减少,而……逐步上升。


situation reached a peak

a high point at

of[%].


……的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点,为……百分点。


figures/situation bottomed out in

……

数字(情况)在……达到底部。


figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.

数字(情况)达到


底部(低谷)。


37.a is

……

times as much/many as b.

a

b

的……倍。


38.a increased by

……

a

增长了……


39.a increased to

……

a

增长到……


/low/great/small/ percentage.

比低高(低)


is an upward trend in the number of

……

……数字呈上升趋势。


42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from

……

to

………到……发生急剧


上升。


……

to

……

the rate of decrease slow down.

从……到……,下降速率减


慢。


this

year

on

there

was

a

gradual

declinel

reduction

in

the

……,

reaching


a figure of

……

从这年起,……逐渐下降至……


similar to

……

与……相似


the same as

……

与……相同


are a lot similarities/differences between

……

and

……


……与……之间有许多相似(不同)之处


48.a has something in common with b

a

b

有共同之处。


difference between a and b lies in

……

a

b

之间的差别在于……


50

……(

year

witnessed/saw a sharp rise in

……

……年……急剧上升



开头段转述题目常用句型


The

line

graph

describes/

illustrates/

demonstrates/

summarizes/

outlines/

shows


后面跟名词或者从句


开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型


According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from

后面跟图表的类型


It can be seen from

…后面跟图表的类型…

that


It is manifest from

…后面跟图表的类型…

that


表示上升的动词


Go

up(went

up)

/rise(rose)/

grow(grew)/

increase(increased)/

ascend(ascended)

,



rise

increase

也经常作名词

, grow-growth


表示急剧上升的动词


Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared)

其中

surge

< p>也可以做


名词


表示下降的动词


Decline/

fall/

drop/

sink/

dip/

decrease/

descend,

decline/

fall/

drop/


decrease

也经常


做名词


表示急剧下降的动词


Plummet/ plunge


表示速度快的形容词


Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep

副词加

-ly


表示幅度大的形容词


Marked/ substantial / significant,

副词加

-ly


表示缓慢

,

逐渐的形容词


Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow,

副词加

-ly


表示小幅度的形容词


Modest/ moderate/ slight,

副词加

-ly


表示波动的动词


Fluctuate,

不及物动词

,

名词

fluctuation


表示稳定在一个水平上的动词


Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at


表示达到最高的动词


Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak

也可以做名词


表示达到最低的动词


Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom

也可以做名词


表示经历了某种变化的及物动词


Experience/ witness/ see


表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组


Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at


表示占…

(

后面跟百分数或数字

)

的及物动词或词组


Account for/ represent / constitute / make up


表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组


A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D.

注意和

include



表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词


Project/ predict / forecast


表示

分别

的副词


Respectively

in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals


respectively.


表示

大约

的副词或者词组


About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under



图表作文(三)



作文

1


DIRECTIONS: A. Study

the following graphs carefully and

write an essay

in at least


150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your


essay should cover these three points:


1. effect of the country

s growing human population on its wildlife


2. possible reason for the effect


3. your suggestion for wildlife protection



【段落类型分析】


第一段

第二段

第三段


图画

/

图表描述段

原因阐释段

建议措施段


【参考范文一】


From

these

graphs,

we

can

draw

a

conclusion

that,

with

the

growth

of

human

population,


the number of species

has decreased

rapidly in America, and

some

species have even


vanished from our planet.


There

are

numerous

reasons

accounting

for

the

phenomenon

and

I

would

like

to

explore


a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the human population grows


rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been


living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can


not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look


on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot


of

wild

animals

and

sell

them

in

order

to

get

more

money.

Consequently,

the

natural


balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become


increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.


In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments


should

make

laws

to

prevent

them

from

being

caught

and

killed.

Second,

the


governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for


ourselves,

we

should

take

practical

actions

to

protect

our

living

environment.

(210

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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