-
考研英语二
_
图表作文写作方法和模板
图表作文(一)
第一节
图表作文的类型
图表作文可分为两大类:表作文和图作文。
表作文
表格
(Table)
可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较。表格常由标 题
(Title)
、表头
(Boxhead)(
表格的第一行
)
、
侧目
(Stub)( p>
表格左边的第一列
)
和主体
(Body)
部分
(
表格的其余
部分
)
等部分组成。如下表:
用表格表 达的信息具体准确,
而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。
阅读表格时要注意 p>
找出表格中各个项目的相互关系,
表格中各个项目的变化规律。
例如,
上面的表格中的数字
说明,和
1978
年相比,
1983
年大学入学的人数在增加,而小学的入学人数在减少。搞 清楚
这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种:圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。
(1)
圆形图作文
圆形图
(Pie chart) p>
也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观,各部分
空间大小差
别容易分辨,
所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。
整个圆表示总量,
楔形块表示分量。
有时圆形图还有数值表,
两者结合可把 各分量表示得更准确、
清楚。
例如:
This
is
a
pie
chart
of
the
average
weekly
expenditure
of
a
family
in
Great
Britain.
As can be see from the
chart, the main expenditure of an average British
family is
spent on food, which accounts
for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two
significant
expending
items
are
transport
and
housing,
which
are
15%
and
12%
respectively. If we take into account
clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%,
the four essentials of life, that is,
food, transport, housing, and clothing and
footwear, amount to 62% of the total
expenditure.
(2)
曲线图作文
曲线图
(Line
graph)
也称为线性图或 坐标图。
曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发
展过程和趋势。
一般来说,
曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。
曲线 图
有横轴和纵轴。
一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,
然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。
同时必
须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变
化。例如:
这个曲线图的横轴代表
1990
年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故
曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点
(3 9)
,
此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点
( 16)
。可见,
1990
年的交通事故的数量总
< br>体上呈下降的趋势。
(3)
条形图作文
条形图
(Bar graph)
也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由 宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表
不同的量。
当要比较几个项目或量时,常 用不同颜色来区分。
条形图主要用来表示:
1)
同一
项目在不同时间的量
;2)
同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时,要 先看图例,再看横轴、
纵横各代表什么量,
每一个刻度所代表的值是多少 ,
最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各
长条间的相互关系。例如:
p>
左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命
(Life Expe ctancy)
,这一条形图想
要体现的是同一项目
(< /p>
期望寿命
)
在不同时间的量。
右边的条形图的横轴也 是代表时间,
纵轴
是代表婴儿的死亡率
(Infant Mortality)
,这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目
(
婴 儿的死
亡率
)
在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明
1990
年的人均期望寿命比
1960
年的人均期望寿< /p>
命长
20
岁,而
1990
年 的婴儿死亡率比
1960
年的婴儿死亡率下降了
50%
< p>。
第二节
图表作文的出题形式
例
1
题目:
Changes in People
’
s Diet
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the
information given
in the table. Write three paragraphs to :
1. state the changes in people
’
s diet (
饮食
) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
例
2
题目:
Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
Remember that your composition must be
written according to the following
outline;
1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few
figures as
possible.
例
3 For this part
, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic
Health
Gain
in
Developing
Countries.
Your
composition
must
be
no
less
than
120
words
and
you
should
base
your
composition
on
the
following
instructions
(given
in
Chinese):
1.
以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命
(life expectancy)
和婴儿死亡率
(infant
mortality)
的变化情况
2.
说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上例子可见,
图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、
圆形
图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:
1)
用文字描述图 表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势
;
2)
p>
就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
第三节
图表作文的写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映 的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,
对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,
p>
并提出结论或看法。
因此,
图表作文常常
采用
议论文体的写作方法。
写好图表作 文,
关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,
把握各信息间的联系,
用准确
流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。
图表作文的写作步骤
写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤:
1)
认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间 的关系
;
2)
确定 文章的主题思想,
构思出文章的基本框架,
筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数< /p>
据
;
3)
编列文章的提纲
;
4)
根据文章的提纲,
将各段的提纲内容扩展成 段落,
然后将各个段落组成文章,
注意段
与段之间的衔接
与过渡
;
5)
检查与修改。
图表作文的篇章结构
写图表作文时,
常采用三段式的谋篇方式。
文章的第一段
往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表
所揭示的信息。第
二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第
三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或
建议。这一
结构可以简单地表述为:
第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想
第二段:分析产生的原因
第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议
图表作文常用的句型
(1)
常用的开篇句型
(
即概述图表内容时常用的表达法
)
①
According
to
the
table/pie
chart/line
graph/bar
graph,
we can
see/conclude that
…
根据该表
/
图,我们可知
……
②
The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/
represents/points out) that
…
该表
/
图表明……
③
As we can see from the table
…
As can be seen from the line/bar graph
…
As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart
…
如表
/
图所示,……
(2)
描述增减变化常用的句型
①
Compared with
…
is still increased by
…
②
The number of
…
grew/rose from
…
to
…
③
An increase is shown in
…
; then came a sharp increase
of
…
④
In
…
the number remains the same/drops to
…
⑤
There
was
a
very
slight
(small/slow/gradual)
rise/increase in 1990.
⑥
There
was
a
very
steady
(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/
dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/
fall/ reduction) in 1998/
compared with
that of last year).
下面是根据例
2
的题目要求写的范文。
⑴
From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city
fluctuated
during the year of 1990.
⑵
The first two months of 1990 showed an
increasing
trend.
⑶
The
rate
rose
to
32
in
March
but
fell
to
26
in
June.
⑷
From
June
on
,
the
rate
was
rising
again
and
reached
the
peak
point
39
in
August.
⑸
After
August
the
rate began to decline
remarkably
, and eventually
dropped to the lowest poin
t
16 at the end of the year.
⑹
Therefore, it
’
s obvious that car accident in Walton
city
declined
in
1 990.
⑴主题句
/
概述表格反映的内容⑵—
(5 )
反映交通事故的变化情况
(6)
小结:总结表格数据反
映的总趋势
⑺
There
are
several
reasons
for
the
decline.
⑻
First,
a
new
traffic
law
was
made
and
came
into
force
.
⑼
It
provided
that
in
summer
every
car
must
be
air-conditioned.
⑽
As a result, the highest rate
in August, when
humidity and high temperature make
drivers
impatient
and
easily
lead
to
car
accidents,
dropped
steadily.
⑾
Second,
new
roads
were built
and some narrow streets
were
widened,
which quickened the flow
of
traffic.
⑿
Finally,
the
city
administration
made
great
efforts
to
heighten
people
’
s awareness of
observing traffic rules.
⑺主题句⑻原因
/
措施一⑼解释措施一
/
次要辅
助⑽采取措施一后的
结果⑾原因
/
措施二⑿原因
/
措施三
⒀
With all these new measures, I
’
m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton
city will go on falling this
year.
⒀总结:展望未来的情况
第四节、
图表作文练习及其参考范文
下面是写作练习,在写作的过程中注意审题,
考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、
开头
的结尾的方法以及文章
中的过渡等。
练习
1
:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a
composition
of
no
less
than
120
words
on
Changes
in
People
’
s
Diet.
Study
the
following
table carefully
and your composition must be based on the information
given in the
table. Write three
paragraphs to:
1. state the changes in people
’
s diet (
饮食
) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
⑴
As
is
shown
in
the
table,
there
have
been
great
changes
in
people's
diet
between
1986 and 1990.
⑵
From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of
most Chinese people, is now
playing a less important role in people's diet.
⑶
And
the same goes for
fruit and vegetables.
⑷
On the other hand, the consumption of
high-nutrition
food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.
⑸
What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (
主题句
)
. (6)
First,
people
are
much
wealthier
than
before.
(7)
With
higher
income,
they
can
afford
to buy nutritious foods.
(8) Second, people have realized the importance of
a
balanced
diet
to
their
health.
(9)
Lack
of
certain
amount
of
meat
or
milk,
for
example,
will result in poor
health. (10) Finally,
owing to
the economic reform, meat and
milk, which
were scarce in the past, are produced in large
quantities.
(11)
Although
milk
and
meat
are
important
to
one's
health,
eating
too
much
rich
food
may
result
in
obesity
and
may
other
diseases.
(12)Therefore,
people
should
not
only
eat
a
lot
of
milk
and
meat,
but
also
enough
grain,
fruit
and
vegetable
for
the
sake of their health.
图表作文(二)
一、图表作文写作常识
1
、图形种类及概述法:
泛指一份数据图表:
a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
饼图:
pie chart
直方图或柱形图:
bar chart / histogram
趋势曲线图:
line chart / curve diagram
表格图:
table
流程图或过程图:
flow chart / sequence diagram
程序图:
processing/procedures diagram
2
、常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows
(
that
)
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As
(
is
)
shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures
,
figures/statistics shows
(
that
)……
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the
figures/statistics
It is apparent from
the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures
(
that
)
……
table/chart/diagram/graph
shows/describes/illustrates how
……
p>
3
、图表中的数据(
Data
)具体表达法< /p>
数据(
Data
)在某一个时间段固定不 变:
fixed in time
在一系列的时间段中转变:
changes over time
持续变化的
data
在不同情况下:
增加:
increase / raise / rise / go up
……
减少:
decrease / grow down / drop / fall
……
波动:
fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave
……
稳定:
remain stable / stabilize / level off
……
最常用的两种表达法:
动词
+
副词形式(
Verb+Adverb form
)
形容词
+
名词形式(
Adjective +Noun form
)
二、相关常用词组
1
、主章开头
p>
图表类型:
table
、
chart
、
diagramgraph
、
column chart
、
pie graph
描述:
show
、
describe
、
illustrate
、
can
be
seen
from
、
clear
、
apparent
、
reveal
、< /p>
represent
内容:
figure
、
statistic
、
nu mber
、
percentage
、
propor tion
2
、表示数据变化的单词或者词组
rapid/rapidly
迅速的,飞快的,险峻的
dramatic/dramatically
戏剧性的,生动的
significant/significantly
有意义的,重大的,重要的
sharp/sharply
锐利的,明显的,急剧的
steep/steeply
急剧升降的
steady/steadily
稳固的,坚定不移的
gradual/gradually
渐进的,逐渐的
slow/slowly
缓慢的,不活跃的
slight/slightly
轻微的、略微地
stable/stably
稳定的
3
、其它在描述中的常用到的词
significant changes
图中一些较大变化
noticeable trend
明显趋势
during the same period
在同一时期
grow/grew
增长
distribute
分布,区别
unequally
不相等地
in the case of adv.
在……的情况下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding
在……方面
in contrast
相反,大不相同
government policy
政府政策
market forces
市场规率
measure
n.
< p>尺寸,方法,措施v.
估量,调节
forecast
n.
先见,预见
v.
预测
三、英语图表写作套句精选
table
shows
the
changes
in
the
number
of
……
over
the
period
from
……
to
……
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
bar chart illustrates that
……
该柱状图展示了……
graph provides some interesting data regarding
……
该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
diagram shows
(
that
)……
该图向我们展示了……
pie graph depicts
(
that
)……
该圆形图揭示了……
is a cure graph which describes the trend of
……这个曲线图描述了……
的趋势。
figures/statistics show
(
that
)……
数据(字)表明……
tree diagram reveals how
……
该树型图向我们揭示了如何……
data/statistics show
(
that
)……
该数据(字)可以这样理解……
data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that
……
这些数据资料令我们得出结论……
is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table
…如图
所示…
ing to the chart/figures
……
根据这些表(数字)……
is shown in the table
……
如表格所示……
can be seen from the diagram
,
great changes have taken place in
……
从图中可以看出,……发生了巨大变化。
the table/chart/diagram/figure
,
we can see clearly that
……
or it is
clear/apparent from the chart
that
……
从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到……
is a graph which illustrates
……
这个图表向我们展示了……
table shows the changing proportion of a & b from
……
to
……
该表格描述了……年到……年间
a< /p>
与
b
的比例关系。
graph
,
presented in a pie chart
,
shows the general trend in
……
该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。
is a column chart showing
……
这是个柱型图,描述了……
can be seen from the graph
,
the two curves show the fluctuation of
……
如图所示,两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
the
period
from
…
to
…
the
…
remained
level.
在…至…期间,…基本不变。
the year between
……
and
……
在……年到……期间……
the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998
……
1995
年至< /p>
1998
三年
里……
then on/from this time onwards
……
从那时起……
number
of
……
remained
steady/stable
from
(
month/year
)
to
(
month/year
)
。
……月(年)至……月(年)……的数量基本不变。
number sharply went up to
……
数字急剧上升至……
percentage of
…
stayed the same between
… p>
and
……至…期间…的比率维持不
变。
figures
peaked
at
……
in
(< /p>
month/year
)……的数目在……月(年)达到顶点,
为……
percentage remained steady at
……
比率维持在……
percentage of
…
is slightly larger/smaller than that of
比例比…的比例
略高(低)。
is not a great deal of difference between
……
and
………与…… 的区别
不大。
graphs show a threefold increase in the number of
……
该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。
33
……
decreased year by year while
……
increased steadily.
……逐年减少,而……逐步上升。
situation reached a peak
(
a high point at
)
of[%].
……的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点,为……百分点。
figures/situation bottomed out in
……
数字(情况)在……达到底部。
figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
数字(情况)达到
底部(低谷)。
37.a is
……
times as much/many as b.
a
是
b
的……倍。
38.a increased by
……
a
增长了……
39.a increased to
……
a
增长到……
/low/great/small/ percentage.
比低高(低)
is an upward trend in the number of
……
……数字呈上升趋势。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from
……
to
………到……发生急剧 p>
上升。
……
to
……
the rate of decrease slow down.
从……到……,下降速率减
慢。
this
year
on
,
there
was
a
gradual
declinel
reduction
in
the
……,
reaching
a
figure of
……
从这年起,……逐渐下降至……
similar to
……
与……相似
the same as
……
与……相同
are a lot similarities/differences between
……
and
……
……与……之间有许多相似(不同)之处
48.a has something in common with b
a
于
b
有共同之处。
difference between a and b lies in
……
a
与
b
之间的差别在于……
50
……(
year
)
witnessed/saw a sharp rise in
……
……年……急剧上升
开头段转述题目常用句型
The
line
graph
describes/
illustrates/
demonstrates/
summarizes/
outlines/
shows
…
后面跟名词或者从句
开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型
According to/ As shown in/ As can be
seen from
…
后面跟图表的类型
It can be seen from
…后面跟图表的类型…
that
It is
manifest from
…后面跟图表的类型…
that
表示上升的动词
Go
up(went
up)
/rise(rose)/
grow(grew)/
increase(increased)/
ascend(ascended)
,
其
中
rise
和
increase
也经常作名词
, grow-growth
表示急剧上升的动词
Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up
(shot up)/ soar(soared)
其中
surge
< p>也可以做
名词
表示下降的动词
Decline/
fall/
drop/
sink/
dip/
decrease/
descend,
其
中
decline/
fall/
drop/
decrease
也经常
做名词
表示急剧下降的动词
Plummet/ plunge
表示速度快的形容词
Sharp/
dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep
副词加
-ly
表示幅度大的形容词
Marked/ substantial / significant,
副词加
-ly
表示缓慢
,
逐渐的形容词
Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow,
副词加
-ly
表示小幅度的形容词
Modest/ moderate/ slight,
副词加
-ly
表示波动的动词
Fluctuate,
不及物动词
,
名词
fluctuation
表示稳定在一个水平上的动词
Level
off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/
reached a plateau at
表示达到最高的动词
Peak at/ reach the highest point at ,
peak
也可以做名词
表示达到最低的动词
Reach the
bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at,
bottom
也可以做名词
表示经历了某种变化的及物动词
Experience/ witness/ see
表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组
Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/
register/ stand at
表示占…
(
后面跟百分数或数字
)
的及物动词或词组
Account for/ represent / constitute /
make up
表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组
A is composed of/comprise/ is made up
of/ consists of B,C and D.
注意和
include
区
别
表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词
Project/ predict / forecast
表示
分别
的副词
Respectively
—
in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals
respectively.
表示
大约
的副词或者词组
About, around, approximately, roughly,
just over, just under
图表作文(三)
作文
1
DIRECTIONS: A.
Study
the following graphs carefully and
write an essay
in at least
150 words. B. Your essay must be
written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your
essay should cover these three points:
1. effect of the
country
’
s growing human population on its wildlife
2. possible reason for
the effect
3. your suggestion for
wildlife protection
【段落类型分析】
第一段
第二段
第三段
图画
/
图表描述段
原因阐释段
建议措施段
【参考范文一】
From
these
graphs,
we
can
draw
a
conclusion
that,
with
the
growth
of
human
population,
the number of
species
has decreased
rapidly in America, and
some
species have even
vanished from our planet.
There
are
numerous
reasons
accounting
for
the
phenomenon
and
I
would
like
to
explore
a few of the most important ones here.
Above all, as the human population grows
rapidly, a growing number of people
came to live where some wild species have been
living. Then these species have to move
to other places. Some of them probably can
not adapt to the new environment and
die. In addition, although many people look
on the wildlife as their friends, some
people may not think so. They catch a lot
of
wild
animals
and
sell
them
in
order
to
get
more
money.
Consequently,
the
natural
balance and the ecologic
environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has
become
increasingly serious. So some of
the wildlife become homeless and extinct.
In order to protect the wildlife, I
have some suggestions. First, the governments
should
make
laws
to
prevent
them
from
being
caught
and
killed.
Second,
the
governments should educate people to
love nature and protect it. Third, as for
ourselves,
we
should
take
practical
actions
to
protect
our
living
environment.
(210
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