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工会主席工作总结考研英语二图表作文写作方法和模板

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://bjmy2z.cn/zuowen
2020-12-30 14:57
tags:精品文档, 研究生入学考试, 考研英语

-

2020年12月30日发(作者:瞿能)


图表作文(一)


第一节

图表作文的类型


图表作文可分为两大类:表作文和图作文。


表作文


表格

(Table)

可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较。表格常由标 题

(Title)

、表头


(Boxhead)(

表格的第一行

)

、侧目

(Stub)(

表格 左边的第一列

)

和主体

(Body)

部分

(

表格的其余部


)

等部分组成。 如下表:


用表格表达的信息具体准 确,

而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。

阅读表格时要注意

找出表格中各个项目的相互关系,

表格中各个项目的变化规律。

例如,

上面的表格中的数字


说明,和

1978

年相比,

1983

年大学入学的人数在增加,而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚

< p>
这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。


图作文


图作文又可分为三种:圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。


(1)

圆形图作文


圆形图

(Pie

c hart)

也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观,各部分空

< br>间大小差别容易分辨,所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量,


楔形块表示分量。

有时圆形图还有数值表,

两者结合可把各分量表示得更 准确、

清楚。

例如:


This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be


see

from

the

chart,

the

main

expenditure

of

an

average

British

family

is

spent

on

food,

which


accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport


and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear,


which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and


footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.


(2)

曲线图作文


曲线图

(Line graph)

也称为线性图或坐标图。

曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展


过程和趋势。

一般来 说,

曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。

曲线图有

< p>
横轴和纵轴。

一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,

然后再看纵轴所 显示的意义。

同时必须


找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如:


这个曲线图的横轴代表

1990

年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故


曲线图 上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点

(39)

< p>,


此后一直呈下降的趋势,

十二月份降到了最低点

( 16)

可见,

1990

年的交通事故的数量总体


上呈下降的趋势。


(3)

条形图作文


条形图

(Bar graph)

也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由 宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不


同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时,常用不同颜色来区 分。条形图主要用来表示:

1)

同一项


目在不同时间的量

;2)

同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时,要先看图例,再看横轴、纵


横各代表什么量,

每一个刻度所代表的值是多少,

最后找出图中 各长条所表示的数据及各长


条间的相互关系。例如:


左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命

(Life

Expectancy)

,这一条形图想要


体现的是同一项目

(

期望寿命

)

在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也 是代表时间,纵轴是


代表婴儿的死亡率

(Infant

Mortality)

,这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目

(

婴 儿的死亡率

)


在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明

199 0

年的人均期望寿命比

1960

年的人均期望寿命长


20

岁,而

1990

年的婴儿死亡率比

1960

年的婴儿死亡率下降了

50%



第二节

图表作文的出题形式


1

题目:

Changes in People’s Diet


Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information


given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :


1. state the changes in people’s diet (

饮食

) in the past five years;


2. give possible reasons for the changes;


3. draw your own conclusions.


You should quote as few figures as possible.



2

题目:

Car Accidents Declining in Walton City


Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;


1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;


2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;


3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.


Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as


possible.



3 For this part

, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in


Developing

Countries.

Your

composition

must

be

no

less

than

120

words

and

you

should

base


your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):


1.

以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命

(life

expectancy)

和婴儿死亡率

(infant


mortality)

的变化情况


2.

说明引起变化的各种原因


从以上例子可见,

图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、

圆形


图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:


1)

用文字描述图 表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势

;


2)

就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。



第三节

图表作文的写作要领


图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映 的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,


对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,

并提出结论或看法。

因此,

图表作文常常


采用 议论文体的写作方法。


写好图表作 文,

关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,

把握各信息间的联系,

用准确


流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。


图表作文的写作步骤


写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤:


1)

认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间 的关系

;


2)

确定 文章的主题思想,

构思出文章的基本框架,

筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数< /p>


;


3)

编列文章的提纲

;


4)

根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各 个段落组成文章,注意段


与段之间的衔接与过渡

;


5)

检查与修改。


图表作文的篇章结构



写图表作文时,

常采用三段 式的谋篇方式。

文章的第一段


往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或 趋势,概述图表


所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第


三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一


结构可以简单地表 述为:


第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想


第二段:分析产生的原因


第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议




图表作文常用的句型


(1)

常用的开篇句型

(

即概述图表内容时常用的表达法

)


According

to

the

table/pie

chart/line

graph/bar

graph,

we

can


see/conclude that …

根据该表

/

图,我们可知

……


The

table/graph

reveals

(shows/indicates/illustrates/


represents/points out) that …

该表

/

图表明

……


As we can see from the table …


As can be seen from the line/bar graph …


As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …


如表

/

图所示,

……


(2)

描述增减变化常用的句型


Compared with … is still increased by …


The number of … grew/rose from … to …


An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …


In … the number remains the same/drops to …


There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.


There

was

a

very

steady

(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/

dramatic)


drop

(decrease/ decline/

fall/

reduction)

in

1998/

compared

with

that

of


last year).


下面是根据例

2

的题目要求写的范文。


From

the

graph,

we

can

see

that

the

number

of

car

accidents

in

Walton

city

fluctuated


during the year of 1990.

The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend.

The rate


rose to

32 in March but

fell to

26 in June.

From June on

, the rate was rising again and reached


the peak point 39 in August.

After August the rate began to decline

remarkably

, and eventually


dropped to the lowest poin

t 16 at the end of the year.

Therefore, it’s obvious tha

t car accident in


Walton city declined in 1990.

⑴主题句

/

概述表格反映的内容⑵

—< /p>

(5)

反映交通事故的变化情况


(6)

小结 :总结表格数据反映的总趋势


There are several reasons for the decline.

First, a new traffic law was made and

came


into

force

.

It

provided

that

in

summer

every

car

must

be

air-conditioned.

As

a

result,

the


highest

rate

in

August,

when

humidity

and

high

temperature

make

drivers

impatient

and

easily


lead to car accidents, dropped steadily.

Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets


were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic.

Finally, the city administration made great


efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.

⑺主题句⑻原 因

/

措施一⑼解释


措施一

/

次要辅助⑽采取措施一后的结果⑾原因

/

措施二⑿原因

/

措施三


With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on


falling this year.

⒀总结:展望未来的情况



第四节、

图表作文练习及其参考范文


下面是写作练习,在写作的过程中注意审题,

考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、

开头


的结尾的方法以及文章 中的过渡等。


练习

1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no


less than 120 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the

following table carefully and

your


composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:


1. state the changes in people’s diet (

饮食

) in the past five years;


2. give possible reasons for the changes;


3. draw your own conclusions.


You should quote as few figures as possible.


As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet between 1986 and


1990.

From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is


now playing a less important role in people's diet.

And the same goes for fruit and vegetables.


On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased


rapidly.


What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (

主题句

)

. (6) First, people


are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods.


(8)

Second,

people

have

realized

the

importance

of

a

balanced

diet

to

their

health.

(9)

Lack

of


certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally,

owing to

the


economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.


(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much rich food may


result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk


and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.




图表作文(二)


一、图表作文写作常识


1

、图形种类及概述法:


泛指一份数据图表:

a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table


饼图:

pie chart


直方图或柱形图:

bar chart / histogram


趋势曲线图:

line chart / curve diagram


表格图:

table


流程图或过程图:

flow chart / sequence diagram


程序图:

processing/procedures diagram


2

、常用的描述用法


The table/chart diagram/graph shows

that


According to the table/chart diagram/graph


As

is

shown in the table/chart diagram/graph


As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures


figures/statistics shows

that

……


It can be seen from the figures/statistics


We can see from the figures/statistics


It is clear from the figures/statistics


It is apparent from the figures/statistics


table/chart/diagram/graph figures

that

……


table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how……


3

、图表中的数据(

Data

)具体表达法


< p>数据(

Data

)在某一个时间段固定不变:

fixed in time


在一系列的时间段中转变:

changes over time


持续变化的

data

在不同情况下:


增加:

increase / raise / rise / go up ……


减少:

decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……


波动:

fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……


稳定:

remain stable / stabilize / level off ……


最常用的两种表达法:


动词

+

副词形式(

Verb+Adverb form


形容词

+

名词形式(

Adjective+Noun form



二、相关常用词组


1

、主章开头


图表类型:

table

chart

diagramgraph

column chart

pie graph


描述:

show

describe

illustrate

can be seen from

clear

apparent

reveal


represent


内容:

figure

statistic

number

percentage

proportion


2

、表示数据变化的单词或者词组


rapid/rapidly

迅速的,飞快的,险峻的


dramatic/dramatically

戏剧性的,生动的


significant/significantly

有意义的,重大的,重要的


sharp/sharply

锐利的,明显的,急剧的


steep/steeply

急剧升降的


steady/steadily

稳固的,坚定不移的


gradual/gradually

渐进的,逐渐的


slow/slowly

缓慢的,不活跃的


slight/slightly

轻微的、略微地


stable/stably

稳定的


3

、其它在描述中的常用到的词


significant changes

图中一些较大变化


noticeable trend

明显趋势


during the same period

在同一时期


grow/grew

增长


distribute

分布,区别


unequally

不相等地


in the case of adv.

……

的情况下


in terms of / in respect of / regarding

……

方面


in contrast

相反,大不相同


government policy

政府政策


market forces

市场规率


measure

n.

尺寸,方法,措施

v.

估量,调节


forecast

n.

先见,预见

v.

预测



三、英语图表写作套句精选


table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……


该表格描述 了在

……

年之

……

年间

……

数量的变化。


bar chart illustrates that……

该柱状图展示了

……


graph provides some interesting data regarding……


该图为我们提供了有关

……

有趣数据。


diagram shows

that

……

该图向我们展示了

……


pie graph depicts

that

……

该圆形图揭示了

……


is a cure graph which describes the tren

d of……

这个曲线图描述了

……

的趋势。


figures/statistics show

that

……

数据(字)表明

……


tree diagram reveals how……

该树型图向我们揭示了如何

……


data/statistics show

that

……

该数据(字)可以这样理解

……


data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……


这些数据资料令我们得出结论

……


is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table…

如图所示

…< /p>


ing to the chart/figures……

根据这些表(数字)

……


is shown in the table……

如表格所示

……


can be seen from the diagram

great changes have taken place in……


从图中可以看出,

……

发生了巨大变化。


the

table/chart/diagram/figure

we

can

see

clearly

that……or

it

is

clear/apparent


from the chart that……

从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到

……


is a graph which illustrates……

这个图表向我们展示了

……


table shows the changing proportion of a & b

from……to……


该表格描述了

……

年 到

……

年间

a

b

的比例关系。


graph

presented in a pie chart

shows the general trend in……


该图以圆形图形式描述了

……

总的趋势。


is a column chart showing……

这是个柱型图,描述了

……


can be seen from the graph

the two curves show the fluc

tuation of……


如图所示,两条曲线描述了

……

的波动情况。


the period from…to…the…remained level.

期间,

基本不变。


the year between……and……

……

年到

……

期间

……


the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998……

1995

年至

1998

三年里< /p>

……


then on/from this time onwards……

从那时起

……


25

.the number of……remained steady/stable from

month/year

to

month/year

)。


……

月(年)至

……

月(年)

……

的数量基本不变。


number sharply went up to……

数字急剧上升至

……


percentage of…stayed the same between…and……

期间

的比率维持不变。


figures peaked at……in

month/ year

……

的数目在

……

月< /p>

(年)

达到顶点,

……


percentage remained steady at……

比率维持在

……


percentage of…is s

lightly larger/smaller than that of

比例比

的比例略高(低)。


is not a great deal of difference between……and………

……

的区别不大。


graphs show a threefold increa

se in the number of……


该图表表明

……

的数目增长了三倍。


33……decreased year by year while……increased steadily.


……

逐年减少,而

……

逐步上升。


situation reached a peak

a high point at

of[%].


……

的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点,为

……

百分点。


figures/situation bottomed out in……

数字(情况)在

……

达到底部。


figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.

数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。


37.a is ……times as much/many as b.

a

b

……

倍。


38.a increased by……

a

增长了

……


39.a increased to……

a

增长到

……


/low/great/small/ percentage.

比低高(低)


is an upw

ard trend in the number of……

……

数字呈上升趋势。


42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to………

……

发生急剧上升。

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