-
《雅思8分万能作文》，大连理工大学出版社2005年出版，
?
Alannah Fitzgerald,张成思编著
原书
第四部分：writing task 2 范文
临
摹及
讲
解
范文部分：
1
－
30
The world can be changed by man's
endeavor, and that this endeavor can lead to
something new
and better .No man can
sever the bonds that unite him to his society
simply by averting his eyes. He
must
ever be receptive and sensitive to the new; and
have sufficient courage and skill to novel facts
and to deal with them .
---Franklin Roosevelt , American
President
美
国总统
罗
斯
是这样说的。确实，
人
经过
努力可以改
变< /p>
世界，
这种
努力可以使人
类达
到新的 、更美好
的境界。
没
有人
仅
凭
闭上眼睛
、不看社
会现实
就能割
断
自己
与
社
会
的
联
系。必
须
敏感，
随时
准
备
接受
新
鲜
事物；他必
< p>须有勇
气与
能力去面
对
新的事
实
，解
决
新
问题
。
对于我们，在模仿范文的过程中，要
学会举一反三，以不变应万变，活学
活用万能句子和星际词汇，真正的你的写作再上一个台阶！
说明
：本部分的星级词汇以粗体字给出，而万能句子加划了横线。每篇范文都先给 出
【题目
分析】
，然后是星级
【词汇解析 】
，最好给出雅思作文7分必备的经典句子，也就是我们所称
的
【万能句子】
。首先，
【题目分析】
一项主要是帮助大家读 懂题目，并简要地概括一下范
文的布局谋篇。这一项可以有效地帮助大家背诵范文，并增
强大家对范文“结构模式”的清
晰认识。同时这一项就是帮助大家灵活记忆范文模板的功
能！其次，这里给出的星级词汇都
是在雅思考试里用来提高分数的“高档次”词汇。最后
，万能句子更是大家快速提高雅思作
文分数的一个途径。这里的文章是Alannah精
心写就的。分析部分由张成思完成。中外教师的
完美合作。每篇文章都是经典中的经典，
大家一定要用心体会，认真背诵。在考试里，定会
下笔有神！
1
另外一点，如果你发现给出的星级
词汇对你来说象是在读雅思阅读理解文章的难词，我
们建议大家花时间背诵一下本书的姊
妹篇《雅思同义词及解析词典》。这样，词汇和写作功
力共同提升。才能最终达到阅读和
写作共同提高的目标！
【
1
】
Environmental hazards are often too great for particular countries or
individuals to tackle. We
have arrived at a point in time where the only way
to lessen
environmental problems is at
an international level.
To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
Environmental problems have reached
such proportions that people feel international
organizations must be set to up to
intervene
in world affairs to resolve these problems.
Whether this
will resolve the problem is very
unlikely
as international organizations are just
an extension of human behavior. That
is, if human conflicts cannot be resolved at home,
then they are unlikely to be resolved
at the international level.
Nevertheless
, international
organizations do attract attention to
the growing problem of pollution and the
destruction of
the environment.
However, although I
respect
the aims of the international community to
resolve the issue of environmental
pollution and support their cause, I do not
believe it is
the best or only way to
protect the environment; in fact, it is only a
small part of what is
needed in a
global
initiative
.
All world problems, whether it is
environmental pollution, war, energy
insufficiency, or
famine
, arise from the
abusive
behavior of all individuals. Therefore, the solution to all
these problems is the need for a
collective consciousness
. What is meant by this is that
each individual
must be aware of the impact he or she has on the
world and their unique
part to play in
this world. After all, if one is happy with his
life, he will surely not
endeavor
to
harm the environment or anyone else.
His behavior will be that of a responsible
individual.
What is
needed, therefore, is education. Education is the
key to all problems and it starts
from
pregnancy all the way to adulthood and beyond.
Furthermore,
education means that
children all over the world should be
allowed to go to schools with good teachers and
where
teaching materials and methods
can be adapted to each individual. Education means
2
raising
children to be responsible individuals.
This may sound like
utopia
, but it is not: if a country has important problems in its
educational system, then it should
realize that it is contributing to
the world’s problems.
These are
perhaps long term solutions, but they are more
realistic solutions then setting up
yet
another international organization.
【
题目分析
】
“环境问题现在非常严重了，严重到单个的国家或者是个人没法解决的程度。换而言之，我们已经到了一
个只有在全世界范围上才可以解决这个问题的地步。”
范
文
首
句
直
接
引< /p>
入
谈
论
的
主
题
内
容
。
“
international
organizations
”是
一
种
< p>避免
与
原
题
给
出
的
“
international level
”重复的技巧。第一段作者用了两句话提出了观点“Whether this will resolve
the problem is very
unlikely as international organizations are just
an extension of human
behavior. That
is, if human conflicts cannot be resolved at home,
then they are unlikely to
be
resolved
at
the
international
level.
”
作
者
的
观
点
是
这
个
问
题
的
解
决
单
靠
international
organizations（即international level）是不可能
的（
unlikely
）.“
Nevertheless
”引出的那句话是
让步。首段末尾一句再次重述一次观点！第2段开始具体论证。
3段进了一步，给出了一个可行的解决方
案：
education
。最后一段总结。
【评分】
9
。观点明确，脉 络清楚，层次清晰，用词多变，句式表达丰富。
【星级词汇解析】
intervene
vt.
“干预”。
unlikely
adj.
“不可能的”。这 个小词很
简单，但却常常
被遗忘。其实
这是一个很有威力的词，一定
要记住并使用。
nevertheless
adv.
“但是”。极好的转折连
词。
respect
vt.
“尊敬”。词倒不难， 但是很
不容易想起用在这里。
Initiative
n.
“主动性”。
famine
n.
“饥荒”。真正的五星级词汇。
abusive
adj.
“滥用的；破坏性的”。
collective consciousness
：
“
集
体
的
意
识；集体的觉
悟”。注意词性
变化后意思的细微差别。
endeavor
n.
“努力”。
pregnancy
n.
“怀孕”。但这里指的是“一
开始”之意。
furthermore
adv.
很好的递进关系词。
utopia
n.
本意是“乌托邦”，指 的是
“理想中的美好境界”。绝对
让考官佩服你的星级词。
【
万能句子解析
】
（
1
）
I do no believe it is the best or only way to protect the environment.
这是陈述作者观点的句子。大家注意这样表达的精确性。
（
2
）
What is meant by this is that each individual must be aware of the impact he or
she has on the world
and their unique part to play in this world.
What is meant by this
是
wha t
引导的一个名次性从句作主语。整个句子是个“复合复杂”句
子。雅思
中一定要注意使用几句这样的写法。很简单，记住这句话，稍加改装就可以成为百试
3
不爽的万能句子了。
（
3
）
What is needed, therefore, is education.
注意这句话的逻辑关系性，用了
therefore
在中间，使文章衔接非常自然通畅。还记得我们讲过
的“行文如流水，文章方通畅”的小节吗？
【
2
】
What differentiates one country from another is becoming
increasingly difficult to
define in today’s world. Nowadays, it is not
uncommon for people to have the same
consumer products and to
experience the
same media the world over.
To what extent do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?
Globalization
certainly has the potential to bring about great advances for
humankind. On a daily basis we are
eyewitnesses
to how borders of time and
space that once separated countries
and the activities
therein
appear to be
diminishing
.
In
industrialized areas of the developing world we
can observe a growing
international
trend in leisure time
pursuits
. Chinese youths wearing Nike
sneakers in
Shanghai hang out in Starbucks over a cup of
coffee in much the
same way that their
American
counterparts
do in New York. In particular,
younger
generations the world over who can
afford
access to media
technologies like cable television and
the Internet often
encounter
the same
media such as advertisements,
films, TV channels, popular brands and so on.
However, it is not presently
guaranteed
that these advances are equally shared
by all members of the
global community. The truth lies somewhere closer
to the
fact that global market forces
often have negative effects on the distribution of
public goods such as social services, a
clean environment, or
diverse
cultural
expression.
4
Many argue that the costs
of globalization are too high and that differences
between countries and communities need
to be
maintained
before we quickly
and completely lose all sense of who we
are, where we came from and what
choices are still available to us.
Therefore
, it is necessary for the global community to place greater emphasis on
the impact of globalization on human
welfare
. In order to achieve a just and
equal distribution of the benefits
of economic globalization, its negative side
effects need to be counteracted by
reforms in government at the international,
regional and local levels. Only by
further developing the way in which we manage
our societies can we make sure that
those currently not in control of globalization
can make their voices heard in the
political processes
affect
ing the range of their
own personal choices. <
/p>
【
题目分析
】
题目中“
”
问
的是“
全球化（
globalization
）优点要比缺点好多少”，所以作者在首段 就暗示出全球化“显
然会带来好处（
Globalization certainly has the potential to bring about great advances for
humankind.
）”由于问题给出的 形式的特殊，即题目本身把观点给出来了，考生要做的就是
去论证这个给定的观点。从实
质上讲这个题目并不是太新的形式，只是省去了大家确定观点的
过程。文章开始的这句话
是一句非常棒的表达观点用的“万能”句子！首段给出观点，
2
段、
3
段正面论证，
4
段让步分析，最后总结。
< p>
【平分】
9
【星级词汇解析】
globalization
n.
“全球化”。我们经常
使用“
modernization and
globalization
”这种“押韵”的表达
方式增强效果。比如说：
The speaker
will illustrate how people in poverty
should learn to survive and thrive as
well.
这里“
survive and thrive
”就是
一个极好的示范例子！
eyewitness
n.
见证人
therein
adv.
在那里
diminishing
逐渐减少的。这个词在许
多情况下可以表示“
…
逐渐
减
弱
的
”< /p>
等
意
思
。
比
如
说
“
the effects of
traditional culture are
diminishing…
”。
pursuit
n.
追击；追求。
counterpart
n.
副本
,
极相似的人或物
,
afford
vt.
能买得起
guarantee
n.
保证
vt.
保证。注意这个词汇
的拼写！
diverse
adj.
不同的
,
变化多的
5
maintain
vt.
维持
therefore
虽“小”却实用的承上启下词汇！
welfare
n.
福利
adj.
福利的。想过把这样
的词汇用在你自己的写作里吗？
affect
vt.
影响
,
感动
【万能句子解析】
1
．“
Many argue that the costs of globalization are…
”，表示许多人会说“
…
”
2.
“
Only by further developing the way in which we manage our societies can we make sure
that…
”倒装句式。雅思作文其中一个要求就是考生能运用不同的句式表达，所以希望大家能
记
住这样稍微复杂的倒装句式，让你的作文上一个层次
!
【
3
】
Many old buildings are protected by historic trusts and international
organizations such as
UNESCO. However, some people think that old
buildings stand in the way of progress.
How important do you think it is to
protect old buildings?
Historic
buildings provide a physical link to our past.
This link allows us to
develop a sense
of orientation about our place in history. We can
learn from the
past, and through
safeguard
ing our historic buildings, can continue to benefit
from the
accomplishments of our
ancestors
.
Of course, most people
would be hesitant to knock down a historic
building in
favor of creating a new
apartment
complex
or an office
block
to meet the
rising
needs of a growing population and a
changing economy. This is where the
question of what is “historic” and of
value to a particular community comes into
play. Age is a
decisive
factor for a historic resource, but it must be defined in
relative terms. The
definition of
perspective
in
time and the resource being considered.
A convenience store that is 25 years old
might be considered historic, while a
university campus might not be considered
historic until it is 50 or 75 years
old.
All too often, we have
seen and continue to see neighborhoods being
bulldozed
in the name of progress.
Under gentrification, housing prices rise in the
previously poor neighborhoods, so that
renters there either have to relocate or
absorb
elevated
rental costs. What should stand in the way of
progress is not
6