-
写
作
书面表达图表类
图表类书面表达常以曲线 图形式、
流程图形式、
柱形图形式、
饼式图形式、
数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。
这类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图
表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现,主要是一些关于
情况调查、生产、销售、发展进
程等各种项目统计的示意图。这类统计图在日常生活中应用得非常广泛,因此,
读懂它并
能用英语清晰地表述出来具有很强的现实意义。图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况,文体上属于
说明文。考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类试题文字少、信息简洁,如果只是把 图表中的内
容一点一点地记叙出来,进行清单式的罗列,就会索然乏味,并且达不到字数
要求。因此,对于这类形式的书面
表达,考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明,弄清楚图表
的性质、内容、规律,并做到如下几点:
1.
细读图表,抓住特征
<
/p>
图表中的数据信息往往较多,首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后,从图表的整体着手 ,
认真分析各项数据,抓住其主要特征,弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有:<
/p>
table
,
chart
,
figu re
,
graph
,
describe< /p>
,
tell
,
show
,
< p>represent等。
2.
认真审读,确定主题
<
/p>
认
真
审
读
试
题
所
提
供
的
数
据
< p>信息
,
结
合
文
字
提
示
,
确
定
短< /p>
文
的
主
题
。
短
文
的
主
题
往
往
< p>隐含
在
图
表
中
,
需
要
考
生
从
图< /p>
表
数
据
中
概
括
出
事
情
或
事
件< /p>
的
规
律
和
特
征
,
然
后
归
纳
出
< p>主题
。
有
时
,
试
题
给
出
了
短
文< /p>
的
题
目
,
也
就
等
于
为
考
生
点
< p>明了
主
题
。
3.
巧用数据,突出主题
<
/p>
引用数据说明基本趋势,比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较多,写作时要巧妙地引用 一些数
据来说明主题,
不要作任何发挥。
表达时,
既要包含所有要点,
但又不能面面俱到。
经常使用的词汇有:
< p>rise,
drop
,
reduce
,
increase
,
decrease
,
fall
,
while
,
but
,
on the contrary
,
ho wever
,
compare...to/with...
, p>
in contrast to
,
as...as
,
the
same as
,
similar to
,
different from
,
difference between
,
among
,
more than
,
less than
等。
4.
词句多变,表达灵活
<
/p>
由于图表数据比较单调,很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达,结果文章显得很乏味。因此, 写作时
要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型,选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。<
/p>
5.
适当发挥,表明观点
图表类书面表达有时要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后,简单地谈谈 自己的看法或提出建议,这属于让考
生自主发挥的部分,更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要
在该部分陈述自己的看法,表明自己的观点,提出解决问题
的方法或建议。表述观点时,
可以引用人们普遍的观点,也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时,不可偏离主题,
只要把观点表述清楚即可,
不必作更多的解释 或说明。
经常使用的词有:
in a word
,
in short, generally speaking
,
It’s clear
from
the chart that...
,
we can draw the conclusion that...
,
we can learn/know...
等。
一、写作技巧
对于图表作文 ,
写作内容主要包括三个方面:
描述图表信息+从中总结出变化规律+提出建议或 解决之道
(
这
一部分可以根据实际要求进行取舍
)
。
准备过程中,应着重从以下几个方面入手。
1.
读出图表所传达的信息,并对信息进行分类
将图表所传达的信息进行全面的转换,
并根据不同的项目对信息进行分类,
这是进行数据整合的基础,
这一
过程中要尽量确保信息全面。
2.
整合信息,总结规律
/
分析原因
信息经过分类之后,
以某一个标准为参照
(
比如时间、
地域等
)
,
总结出 同一对象在不同时间
/
地域
/
……
下的
变化规律,或通过对同类信息的对比分析出问题出现的原因。找出规
律
/
原因是解决问题
/
提出建议的基础。
3.
数据处理
对数据进行处理时,要根据题干的要求,着重处理差异比较大或变化比较明显的信息。这样呈现数 据时才能
有所侧重,写的时候才能有详略之分。
4.
段落构建
一般而言,图表作文可分为三个段落来写。第一个段落点明调查
/
统计对象 并进行图表信息的转换,转
换过
程中需要注意的是信息
的取舍和详略程度。
第二段主要是根据信息总结出规律或找出问题出现的原因。
第三段则
主要是建议的提出或解决方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重
点段落,第三段可根据题干要求
进行取舍。
二、常用词汇
1.
点明图表所反映的主题时常用的词汇:
table
表格,
chart
图表,
diagram p>
图解
/
示意图,
figure
图形 p>
/
数字,
describe
描述,
tell
告诉,
show
表明,
represent
描绘
/
展示,
indicate
显示
2.
分析数据差异及变化趋势时常用的词汇:
(
1
)表示上升或增加的:
rise, increase, go up
(
2
)表示下降或减 少的:
decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down
(
3
)表示变化特点的:
sharply
急剧地,
quickly
迅速地,
rapidly
快速地,
dramatically
戏剧性地,
slowly
缓慢地,
gradually
逐渐地。
(
4
)表示比较的:
compared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than
。
三、常用句式
1.
点明主题时:
I have recently
made/conducted/carried out a survey about...
among...
Last week, we
made/conducted/carried out a survey
on
…
A survey has been
made/conducted/carried out on
…
2.
呈现数据
/
分析原因时:
(
1
)呈现数据:
The above table/chart/graph shows
that
…
As can be seen from
the pie chart...
From the
table/chart/graph
we can see…
(
2
)分析原因:
There are several reasons that account
for this phenomenon.
A number of
factors account for (contribute to/lead to/result
in) the change
(phenomenon/increase)
.
The main reason for such a change is...
3.
发表看法
/
提出建议时:
Personally/In my opinion/As far as
I
’
m concerned/From my point of view...
It is high time that
we...
Writing
1(2017
·江苏卷
)
请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(
box-office inc ome
)的柱状图及相关文字,并按照要求用英语
写一篇
150
词左右的文章。
Saturday
Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre.
Li
Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua: Whatever. We
’
ve got so many choices,
Kung Fu Yoga
,
Journey
to the West
…
Each sounds great!
Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie
stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the
high-tech!...
Li Jiang: Perfect!
Let
’
s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua: No hurry. The
cinema is on the same floor.
One Day in
2016.
At Home.
Son: Mum, shall we go
and see a film tonight?
Mother: Why
bother? We can stay at home and watch films
online.
It’s convenient with our new and faster network
Son: But it feels
good in a cinema.
Mother: And the
price
… We have to pay 50
yuan
a ticket.
Son: Only 10
yuan
more than last year.
Mother:
But still we cannot get the money’s worth.
Some films are just boring…
【写作内容】
1.
用约
30
个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容;
2.
我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些,简要谈谈你的看法(上述对 话仅供参考,原因不少于两点)
;
3.
谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法,并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1.
写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2.
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.
不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________
< br>_______________________________________________ _____________________________________________
< p>____________________________________________ ________________________________________________ p>
_________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_
【写作指导】考查任务型读写。此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以
p>
30
词左右概述短文内容。
接下来要分析票房收入变化的原因
并给出自己的看法,并谈谈自己对票房走向的看法。作文以第三人称和
一般现在时为主。
要点:
1.
概述:
中国电影票房在
2012
—
2016 p>
年间呈现不断增长的趋势,
但是
2016
年的增长相比 于前几年很缓慢。
2.
分析原因:票房增长与人们生 活水平的不断提高息息相关,人们有了多余的钱,才可能消费、娱乐;另
一方面,电影的
制作技术日臻成熟,许多优质的电影不断上映;再者,互联网的普及无疑起到了很大的宣
传作用。
3.
看法和理由:票房增速将会小幅上涨或有所回落。只要给出恰当的理由,对票房看涨或是看落皆可 。
写
30
词的概述时,语言要简练、不 拖沓。遣词造句要符合英语的表达习惯,尽量用上定语从句、状语从句
和非谓语动词与倒
装句等语法和句型。同时注意语句的连贯性。
【参考范文】
The box-office
income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant
increase from about 17 billion
yuan
in 2012 to
over 40 billion in 2015.
However, that increase slowed down in 2016.
The
reasons
behind
this
are
various.
The
fast
economic
development
before
2016
was
probably
the
most
powerful engine driving the constant
growth in the box-office income. The application
of new technologies and the
wide
appeal
of
movie
stars
could
also
account
for
the
increase.
However,
China
saw
a
decline
in
its
economic
growth rate last year. And the Internet
increased options for movie lovers. Consequently,
some viewers began to
turn away from
cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
China’s economy is exp
ected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the
investment
in the movie industry and the number of quality
movies. Therefore, its box-office income will
probably
enjoy a slight increase. (150
words)
Possible version
two
:
As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015,
but its growth, for one reason or
another, slowed down in 2016.
The
increase
in
the
box- office
income
can
be
attributed
to
a
number
of
factors.
The
quality
of
life
has
improved
and
watching
films
is
regarded
as
a
good
means
of
entertainment.
Besides,
filming
technology
has
advanced
and
more
quality
films
are
on
offer.
Moreover,
the
Internet
plays
an
important
part.
On
the
Internet,
people
can
seek
information
about
their
favorite
stars
and
buy
tickets
at
a
discount
as
well,
which
is
both
time-saving and economical.
However, the film market may witness a
slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have
gradually given way to
the rise of the
Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is
on the increase. Therefore, the film industry
should
make greater efforts to attract
more viewers. (150 words)
Writing
2(2016
·
上海卷
)
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120
–
150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
假设你 是中华中学学生姚平,最近参加了一项研究性学习调研,课题为"父母是否以子女为荣"。通过
< br>调研你校学生及其父母,结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异(数据如图所示)
。根据图表 写一份报告,在
报告中,你必须:
1.
描述调研数据;
2.
分析可能导致这一结果的原因。
_______________
__________________________________________________
___________________________
____________
__________________________________________________
______________________________
_________
__________________________________________________
_________________________________
______
__________________________________________________
____________________________________
___
__________________________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________
< br>_______________________________________________ ____________________________________________
< p>____________________________________________ ________________________________________________ p>
_________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_
【写作指导】
本试题属 于图表类调查报告。尽管题干给出了一些要点,同时对报告内容作了详细的要求,但是对考生的识
图能力、总结概括能力还是提出了很高的要求,尤其是分析原因这一方面使本试题可以规划为半开放式的
文章。
通过审题我么可以知道文章结构很简单。
第一段重点对调研数据进 行描述;
第二段分析可能导致这一结果的原因。
【参考范文】
Recently, I took part in an inquiry learning research, whose topic is whether parents are proud of their children.
After
doing
the
research
into
the
students
in
my
school
and their parents,
I
found
that
there is a
big
difference
between
the
two
sides.
80% of the parents think
that
they
are proud of their children while
60% of the
students
think
that their parents are proud of them.
As far as I am concerned, the reasons why the parents and their children have different opinions on the same
question
are as follows. Firstly, there is only one child
in most families. Therefore, the parents pay more
attention
to their children than
themselves. Secondly, the children are accustomed
to the love given by their parents. Thirdly,
the children are
not
confident
of
themselves
thinking
that
they
are
not
excellent
to
make
their
parents
proud
of
them.
Writing
3(2015
·江苏卷
)
请阅读下面文字及图表,并按
照要求用英语写一篇
150
词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.
用约
30
个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;
2.
结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;
3.
根据你的分析,从社会规范
(rules and regulations)
和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示
(
不少于两点
)
。
【写作要求】
1.
写
作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2.
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.
不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
___________________________
__________________________________________________
_______________
________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________
____________________
__________________________________________________
______________________
_________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________
______________
__________________________________________________
____________________________
__________
__________________________________________________
________________________________
______
__________________________________________________
____________________________________
【写作指导】
写作
前,考生应该先认真分析材料。写作时,注意第一段用
30
个单
词概括材料内容,第二段写导致交
通问题的原因;第三段从社会规则和个人行为入手进行
现象分析,从中得到启示。词数在
150
左右,以一
般现在时作为中心时态,内容健康向上,情节完整,书写工整,卷面保持整洁。为使行文紧凑,过渡 自然,
可在文中穿插使用一些过渡性词汇或短语。
推荐用语:
not
only...but also; threaten; quite a few; give rise
to; in spite of; because of; the number of; what’s
worse; in fact; related to; keep... in
order
【参考范文】
The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday lif
e, but may also threaten people’s
lives. The
three selections presented above are typical
examples.
Quite
a
few
things
give
rise
to
the
traffic
problem.
In
spite
of
the
large-scale
construction
of
roads
and
highways, there is still much room for
improvement, because of the ever increasing number
of cars these years.
What’s worse, some
drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it
vital to obey traffic rules.
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people
could not
enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.
But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.
It is the
people who obey the rules
that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe
them to keep our society in order and being
on the right track.
Writing 1
(
2019
届宁夏银川一中高考模拟)
近期,某校组织
高三学生进行了一场讨论。主题是:高三年级要不要集中进行晚自习。根据下图提供
的信息,写一篇英语短文,客观地介绍一下讨论的情况,注意
要涵盖所有要点。
注意:
1.
词数不少于
100(
开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数
p>
)
;
2.
可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
晚自习
evening self-study
Recently there was a heated discussion
among Senior 3 students in our school.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________________________________________
___
____________________________________
__________________________________________________
______
_________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________
______________________________
__________________________________________________
_____
【范文】
Recently
there was a heated discussion among Senior 3
students in our school. The students were
questioned
whether they were willing to
have the evening self-study at school or not. Here
is the result according to the survey.
60 percent of the students think it’s a
good idea
to have the evening self-study at school. They think they can
do
better
in
their
study
with
the
help
of
the
teachers.
Also,
they
can
concentrate
on
their
lessons
better
in
the
classroom and with company of their
fellow classmates. There are 25 percent of the
students who think they prefer
to study
at home. They suppose that they may get disturbed
by others and there are possible dangers on their
way
home alone. At the same time, still
15 percent of the students don’t have a clear
answer to the question. Th
ey say
they will go to school to have evening
self-study if they are asked to, but they promise
they can also do well at
home.
【写作指导】
本篇书面表达属于看图写作,要求写一封说明文。
根据提示可知,本篇书面表达属于看图写作,要求写一封说明文,时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如 下:
讨论:高三年级要不要集中进行晚自习;
60%
的同学认为要上自习及其理由;
25%
的同学认为
不上自习及其
理由;
15%
无所谓。<
/p>
第二步:根据关键要点,确定关键词,如:
evening
self-study
(晚自习)
,
conce
ntrate on their lessons
(集中
精力
学习)
,
get
disturbed
(被打扰)等。
第三步:根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,使之自然流畅,书
写一定要规范清
晰,保持整洁美观的卷面。
Writing 2
(
2019
届辽宁省重点名校高考模拟)
假如你是李华,你的英国笔友
Peter
来信说近
期要来北京,希望你为他设计一个旅行计划,推荐一些有
中国特色的活动。请根据以下提
示写一封回信。内容要点:
Travel Plan
Time
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
…
注意:
1.
开头语和结束语已经为你写好,不计入总词数;
2
.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3
.文中不能出现考生真实个人信息;
4
.词数
100
左右。
Dear Peter,
Activities
… visit the old
royal houses in the Forbidden City
… see Chinese painting in the National
Art Gallery
… drink Chinese tea
in Laoshe Tea House
…
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