-
作文篇
【题型概述】
四级考试中作文占试卷总分的<
/p>
15%
，旨在考察学生运用英语进行书面表
达的能力。要求
考生在
30
分钟内写出一篇不少于
120
词的短文 ，做到“内
容切题，表达清楚，意义连贯，文理通顺，语言正确”
。作文 内容涉及日常
生活、科技、社会、文化等方面的一般知识，通常由汉语提纲、图表、关键
词等形式加以限定。
四级作文评分标准：
四级作文采用总体评分
(Global
Scoring )
方法，从内容和语言两个方面
对作文进行综合评判，既考虑作文是否切
题和充分表达思想，也考虑语言错
误是否造成理解障碍。阅卷人员就总的印象给出分数，
而不是按语言点的错
误数目扣分。
13-15
分：
切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错
误，仅有个别小错。
（几乎全对）
10-1
2
分：
切题。
表达思想清楚，
文字连贯，
但有少量语言错误。
（对中有错）
7-9
分：
基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误
< br>相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
（对错相当）
4-6
分：
基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重的语言错误。
（错中有对）
1-3
分：
条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多
数为严重错误。
（几乎全错）
0<
/p>
分：
白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。
< p>
注：
字数不足应酌情扣分。
【解题思路】
作文
是整个考试过程中要求考生首先完成的题目，
因此考生须注意把握
好答题
节奏。考虑到时间紧张，不推荐考生打草稿再誊写的答题方式，建议
考生采用以下答题步
骤：
1)
在
1
分钟内完成审题，确定文章思路。
2)
在头脑里大致拟出文章提纲。
3)
下笔成文。
此外，考生须注意以下事项：
?
审题细致：
内容紧扣主题，涵盖提纲要点。
?
表达清楚：
结构一目了然，句子完整 ，句子间逻辑明朗、层次清晰。
?
语法正确：
用词得体、恰当，句法结构正确，避免重大语言错误。
?
定位合理：
7
—
9
分只需切题和大致正确；
10
—
12
分需少犯语法错误，且
具备一定的句式变化；
13
—
15
分需要内容丰富，语言准确，有亮点。
?
卷面整洁：
字迹清楚，尽量避免错误 连笔、草书或涂改。一定使用黑色
字迹的钢笔或中性笔书写。
【考点剖析】
很多
时候，真题最能显示命题规律和趋势。回顾历年四级作文真题，其
话题侧重考生熟悉的校
园热点和社会热点，题型大至可分为以下
5
类：
A
、
观点对比型
此类作文题目要求学生针对某一事物或现象从正反两面分析其利弊，
或
通过比较两种不同观点来阐明自己的观点，表明自己对该事物或现象的看
法。如：
Spring
Festival Gala on CCTV
(2006
年
12
月
CET-4)
1.
许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2.
但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3.
我的看法
Should the University Campus Be Open to
Tourism? (2005
年
12
月
CET-4)
1.
名校校园正成为旅游新热点
2.
校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同
3.
我认为……
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
(2000
年
6
月
CET-4)
1.
很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……
2.
也有人持不同意见……
3.
我的看法和打算
Reading Selectively or Extensively
(1999
年
6
月
CET-4)
1
．有人认为读书要有选择
2.
有人认为应当博览群书
3.
我的看法
B.
问题阐释型
该类型作文
的基本模式是，提出一种现象，要求对其加以分析、或阐释
该现象带来的问题，并提出解
决方法。重心通常在对现象的分析这一环节，
要求对问题的成因或后果做比较详细的阐释。如：
Creating a
Green Campus
(2009
年
12
月
CET-4)
1.
建设绿色校园十分重要
2.
绿色校园不仅指绿色环境
3.
为了建设绿色校园我们应该……
Free Admission to Museums
(2009
年
6
月
CET-4)
1.
越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么
2.
也会带来一些问题
3.
你的看法
Limiting
the Use of Disposal Bags
(2008
年
12
月
CET-4)
1.
一次性塑料袋曾被广泛地使用
2.
造成的问题
3.
限制使用的意义
What
Electives to Choose
(2007
年
12
月
CET-4)
1.
各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2.
学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3.
以你自己为例……
C
．
图表描写型
四级写作要求单纯描写的可能性不大，但完全可能结合说明、议论等多
种体裁进行考查。图表描写型作文题目要求学生看懂图表含义，描写图表呈
现的内容，
分析图表所表现出的问题或规律；最后得出结论或对其趋势做出
预测。如：
Student Use of Computers
(2002
年
6
月
CET-4)
< br>
1.
上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间：
1990
年（
2
hours
）
、
1995
年（
4 hours
）
、
2002
年（
14 hours
）
，请描述其变化；
2.
请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等
方面
加以说明）
；
3.
你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
D.
事件记叙型：
四级考试
直接要求记叙事件的情况非常少见，
通常要求对所叙之事进行
说明或评论
，即将记叙文融入论说文之中。这类作文题目往往要求学生清楚
地叙述一个事件，交代其
前因后果，并在叙述中加入自己的评论或感受，由
此展开讨论，如
:
An Eye-Witness Account of a
Traffic Accident
(2003
年
6
月
CET-4)
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包
< br>括以下几点：
1.
车祸发生的时间及地点
2.
你所见到的车祸情况
3.
你对车祸原因的分析
Teacher
’
s Day (2005
< p>年6
月
CET-4)
1.
向老师致以节日祝贺
2.
从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献
3.
我如何回报老师的关爱
E
．应用文题型
这类作文题目是人们日常生活、工作、学习中频繁涉及的写作问题，故
在日趋注重实
用性的四级考试中是常客，
其范围广，
包括信函、
通知、
报告、
演讲词等，命题形式也较灵活，如：
Welcome to Our Club
(2007
年
6
月
CET-4)
1.
表达你的欢迎
2.
对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍
A Campaign Speech
(2005
年
1
月
CET-4)
1
你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主
席工作
2
如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？
A Letter in Reply to a Friend
(2004
年
1
月
CET-4)
1
．建议报考的专业及理由
2
．报考该专业的基本条件
3
．应当如何备考
A Letter to the University President
(2002
年
1
月
CET-4)
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食
< br>堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可
以兼有
而有之。
【谋篇布局】
< /p>
写作文，谋篇布局非常重要：怎样提出问题，怎样说明前因后果，怎样
承上启下，又怎样下结论，提建议，表达自己的看法。每一种类型的作文都
有相对固定的论证方式及句型。这就像画一棵大树。整体的框
架句型好比一
棵树的大树干和大树枝；段落中用于扩展句子的连接用语，好比大树枝上的
小枝条（如举例说明、逐项阐释、描述图表等）
；而文章的具体内容就是 叶
子、
花或果实。
如果能把握四级作文的基本命脉，
熟记几套不同的框架句型，
应试时就能花更多心思在内容上，使其丰富、充实
，并尽量避免语言错误。
尽管添加的叶子可能有枯萎的，花也不很漂亮，但掌握了文章谋
篇布局的规
律，有了框架句子作底，好比一棵大树的枝干已竖于眼前，写作时就能从被<
/p>
动到主动，把
“望而生畏”的作文变成轻松愉快的“填空练习”
。基于上述对作文题
型的划分，以下分别对每种题型的常用句式予以归纳，并给出了模版示例，
供同学们参考
：
?
观点对比型作文常用句式
开篇句型：
1) Recently the
problem of ________ has caused wide public
concern.
Opinions vary from person to
person.
2) There is much
disagreement / a raging debate / an argument among
people concerning / over / as to / on
_________.
3) Nowadays, there is
a growing concern over________, while people
are divided on the question as to
whether
…
4)
When
asked
about
_________,
different
people
will
offer
different
answers.
5) The issue
of whether __________ has been widely argued /
debated
currently.
6)
In
recently
years,
the
issue
of
_________
has
been
brought
to
public
attention,
but attitudes
towards it
differ
from person to
person.
陈述正方观点的句型：
1)
Obviously, to the general public / to the majority
of people,
__________.
2)
Some
people
argue
/
suggest
/
appreciate
/
maintain
that
________.
3) Some people
are inclined to / tend to think that________.
4)
Those
who
advocate
/
are
in
favor
of_________believe
that_________.
5)
There
can
be
no
doubt
that
_________
has
its
advantages
/
positive
effects.
6)
It
goes
without
saying
that
this
benefits
us
in
many
ways
/
aspects.
Firstly, ______; secondly, ______;
lastly, ________.
陈述反方观点的句型：
1)
However, not everyone shares the opinion. Those
who criticize /
object to / oppose
_______ believe that ________.
2)
However
/But/Yet/Nevertheless/While o
ther
people
hold a different
point
of
view.
They
insist/
argue
< p>/prefer/claim/believethat
_
_______.
3)
On the contrary
/ In contrast, there are still many people who do
not agree,
and they think ________is a better choice.
4) But while we admit the advantages of
______ we can not ignore its
disadvantages. For one thing,
________; for another, ________.
5)
Meanwhile,
superior
as
________
is,
there
exist
some
side-effects
which we should pay close attention to
/ be aware of.
6)
However,
the
negative
aspects
of
________
are
also
apparent/obvious/evident.
To
begin
with,
________.
To
make
matters
worse, ________. Worst of all,
_________.
结论句型：
1) In my
opinion / As for me / From my point of view
/
As far as I am
concerned,
both sides are partly right
/ there is some truth in
both sides.
2) To me,
the former (/latter) opinion is more attractive
in that
____________.
3) For my part, I think the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages.
4)
Taking into account all these factors, I am in
favor of /
on the
side
of___________.
5) From what has
been discussed above, we may reasonably
come to
/
draw the
conclusion that ___________.
6)
In
spite
of
all
the
problems,
I
still
hold
_______
has
more
advantages than
disadvantages
.
模版示例：
For
many
years,
there
’
s
growing
concern
over_____________,.
People hold
different ideas from different angles. Even among
those
_____________
there
is
no
complete
agreement
as
to
whether
______________________.
For some, it
is ________. Others seem
to believe that
it is
________,
and
stress
the
influence
of
____________
upon
____________.
They maintain that
______________________________.
As far as my opinion is concerned, only
after we have taken into
consideration
all
aspects
of
the
problem
can
we
make
the
right
decision.
If
those
who
argue
against
____________
are
correct,
the
problems
they
mention
cannot
be
ignored.
To
find
a
solution,
________
must
pay
close
attention to these problems.
?
问题阐释型作文常用句式
开篇句型：
1)
Currently,
the
problem
of
____________
has
aroused/captured/drawn/caught worldwide
attention.
2) It is undeniable /
There is no denying the fact that __________
has become the utmost
concern among people nowadays.
3)
In the past decade
/ few years
there has been a growing tendency
that _________.
4)
Nowadays,
an
increasing
number
of
people
come
to
realize
the
importance of _____________.
5)
In
recent
years,
many
cities/nations/people
have
been
faced/troubled with the serious problem
o
f___________.
6) ____________is very commonly
seen in our life, and more and more
attention has been focused upon the
problem of ____________.
阐释原因或后果的句型：
1) It is
no easy job to find out the reasons for the
problem, which
involves
several
different
factors.
On
the
one
hand,
_______________.
On
the
other
hand,
_______________.
Finally,
______________________.
2)
A
number
of
factors
could
account
for
the
change/decrease/increase/success
/failure/development
in__________.
First, __________. Moreover, _________.
Last
but
not least, ______________________.
3) The reasons behind this phenomenon
can be listed as follows. For
one
thing, _____________. For another,
________________.
4)
The
most
primary
reason
is
that
_______________, and
_________ is
also partly
responsible for the problem.
5)
Clearly, if we are blind to / turn a deaf ear to
the problem, the
consequences of
____________would be serious.
6) The immediate result it produces is
___________, and any person
who ignores
it would pay a heavy price.
结论句型：
1)
It is high
time
that we figured
out
ways
to
deal with
the
problem.
Here are some measures
that might be taken immediately.
2)
By
and
large,
there
is
no
easy
approach
to
this
issue,
but
__________
might be helpful/beneficial/of some
help.
3)
As
this
problem
is
very
complicated,
people
can
hardly
rely
on
one
way
to
solve
it
completely.
But
only
when
we
_________can
we
____________.
4) It is hoped that great efforts
should be made to control/promote
the
growth of ____________. For example, by doing
__________, we
can not
only____________, but also_____________.
5) There is no denying that
considerable attention must be paid to
the shortage /decrease/change/decline
of __________.
6) All in all,
we do not have a perfect solution at present, but
as
long as we
do it with our brains and hands, we will resolve
the
problem eventually.
模版示例：
____________
has
become
a
serious
problem
we
have
to
face.
Although it has brought
convenience to us, many people have begun to
realize that it is the source of
trouble as well.
The
causes
for
that
are
complex.
Some
attribute
it
to
__________________.
Others place the blame on ___________________.
Still
others
complain
of
___________________.
In
my
opinion,
perhaps
the principal reason is that
____________________________.
However, it seems to me that no quick
solution can be at hand to
tackle the
problem,
but
the
general
awareness of
the significance
of
it might be the first step in
the right direction towards changing
the situation.
?
图表描述型
常用句式
开篇句型
：
1)
As
can
be
seen
from
/
is
shown
in
the
chart/picture/diagram
/graph/table, _____________.
2)
The
purpose
of
this
chart/picture/diagram
/graph/table
is
to
show
that ______________.
3) From the chart, we can see in the
survey/poll, ________________.
4)
The
bar
chart
shows/indicates/displays/reflects/reveals
that_____________.
5)
It is clear/apparent from the pie chart
that________________.
6)
According
to
the
figures/statistics/data
given
in
the
chart,
____________________.
描写数据的句型：
1) On the top of / At the bottom of the
list is___________, which
accounts for
/ takes up 50%.
2)
________
is
ranked
first,
followed
by
_________
at
20%
and
_________
at 15%.
3) The figure reached the
highest/lowest point in___________.
4)
During
2000-2010,
there
was
a
sudden
/rapid/dramatic/substantial/sharp/considerable
rise
in
the
number
of __________ from ________ to __________.
5) The ten years from 2000-2010
witnessed/saw a steady growth of
___________ from _________ to
_________.
6)
The
number/rate
of
_______was
about/approximately/almost
doubled/tripled, as against / compared
with that in 2000.
7)
The
number
of
__________
increased/rose/fell/d
ropped/declined/decreased by 15%.
8) The number of ___________ in 2010
was 3 times more than that in
2000.
结论句型：
1) From the analysis above, we can
conclude that____________.
2)
From the data we gathered from the above chart, we
can reach the
conclusion that
__________.
3) According to the
information gathered above, we may come to the
conclusion that ___________.
4) We can draw a conclusion from the
above that _____________.
5)
Judging
from
all
evidence
offered,
we
may
reasonably/safely
arrive
at the conclusion that
____________.
6)
The
analysis
we
have
made
confirms/supports
the
view
that
___________.
模版示例：
According to the chart, an
investigation conducted by __________
indicates
that
____________
has
reached
_________
in
the
past
10
years
compared
with
____________
in
2000.
Especially
in
recent
3
years,
the
number rose dramatically from _______
to_______.
In
my
opinion,
there
are
at
least
three
reasons
for
these
remarkable
changes.
To
begin
with,
__________________.
Secondly,
__________________.
Lastly
_____________.
All these result
in _______________.
From
the
above
discussion,
we
have enough
reason
to
predict
what
will happen in the near future. The
trend in the chart will continue
for
quite a long time and we can imagine that
_________________.
?
事件记叙型
常用句式：
1)
Up
to
now,
the
most
exciting/memorable/unforgettable
moment
in
my
life
is _____________.
2) It is
_________ when_________ took place.
3) So far, this incident is still vivid
in my mind.
4)
This
is
a
special
day
on
which
______________.
At
first,
__________.
Then ___________. Eventually __________
5) 2010
witnessed/saw_____________. This memory still
haunts me.
6)
Such
an
incident
teaches
us
____________.
Just
Like
a
famous
saying
goes, ________________.
模版示例：
It
was
a
Tuesday
morning
and
as
usual
I
was
on
my
way
to___________.
Suddenly,
____________
happened.
It
impressed
me
most
because
________________.
_____________. Almost at the
same time, _______________. As a
result, it wasn’t long before
_______________.
I’ll never
forget ___________. In my eyes, ________________
because only by doing so can we expect
to __________________. If we
are always
ready to _______________, the world will certainly
be a
better place to live
in!
?
应用文题型
信函类句型：
1)
Thank you for your letter dated _________which
reached me today.
In the letter you
said you wanted to _________, and I am writing
in the hope that you could
_____________.
2)
I’
m writing to inform you of my unhappy experience lately. To
resolve
the problem, I made great efforts to _________,
only to
be told __________.
3)
I’
m
applying
for
the
position
of
_________advertised
in
_____________. My resume is attached.
I
’
m looking forward
to
meeting
you
at
your
earliest
convenience
and
I’
d
be
greatly
obliged if my
application is granted.
4)
Please inform me when you have come to a decision.
I am looking
for your earlier reply. If
further materials are required, I am
only too willing to forward to you.
5)
I’
m excessively sorry to tell you that ______________. I hope
you
’
ll understand and excuse me for my absence.
其它类句型：
1) Today I’m
very glad to run for
___________, and I’m sure I’m
qualified for this
position.
2) It’s such an honor
to come here
on behalf of __________. First
of all, I’d like to introduce
__________ to you.
3) Now, I’d
like to extend our warm welcome. We’ve been
expecting
you for a long time and hope
you’ll enjoy every minute here.
4) The schedule for today is as
follows: The first spot we are going
to
visit
is_________,
and
the
next
sign
to
look
around
is
____________.
5)
The
efforts
to
be
made
are
to
support_______________.
The
procedure
goes like this:
_______________.
6) Those who
are interested in the activity please fill in the
form
and
we
will
contact
you
as
soon
as
possible.
Thanks
for
your
attention.
模版示例：
To whom it may
concern,
This
letter
comes
to
you
from
_________.
I’m
sorry
to
occupy
your
precious time, but I really want to
talk about____________.
As you
know, _____________. But unfortunately,
___________. As
a
result,
__________________.
Moreover,
_____________________.
Worse
still, ________________.
It’s high time that ________________.
And I believe that, with
the efforts of
all people concerned, we can solve the problem.
I’d
be
very
grateful
if
you
could
take
my
suggestion
into
consideration.
Yours sincerely
Li
Ming
【错误示例】
< /p>
四级应试作文可以没有什么华丽的词藻，
但一定不能有严重的语言错误。< /p>
作文评分标准注重语言的准确性，
某些看似可原谅的错误累积起来也会直接
影响最终得分。因此，考生在力所能及的范围内应尽可能地避免语言错误，
拿到本该属于自己的分数。
下面所选的语料均源于考生们在作文中中常犯的
< p>基本语言错误，望大家引以为戒。
?
时态错
[
误
]
I studied English for more than 10 years.
[
正
]
I
’
ve been studying
English for more than 10 years.
[
误
]
When the accident happened, there was almost no other cars on
the road, so
the driver must be drunk.
[
正
]
When the accident happened, there was almost no car on the road
at the time, so the driver
must have been drunk.
错误
解析：
随意使用时态，如将过去时与表示一段时间的词连用，或用现在
时
描述过去发生的事情，使得句意不合逻辑，令人费解。
?
语态错
[
误
]
She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened
to his account.
[
正
]
She
was
very
angry
at
not
being
told
the
truth
when
she
listened
to his account.
[
误
]
The book has to return at the end of the week.
[
正
]
The book has
to be returned
at the end of the week.
错误解析：
混淆被动语态和主动语态的使用。
?
词性错
[
误
]
Fresh air is benefit to our health.
[
正
]
Fresh air is
beneficial
to our health.
[
误
]
The
old
man
was
knocked
down by
a car when
he
across
the
street.
[
正
]
The old man was knocked down by a car when he
was crossing
the
street
.
错误解析：
混淆词性。
?
代词错
[
误
]
So long as you have the Internet access, anyone can receive
education wherever he lives in.
[
正
]
So
long
as
you
have
the
Internet
access,
you
can
receive
education
wherever
you
live in.
[
误
]
If the humans want to leave a good impression on others, we
’
d
better
follow these rules.
[
正
]
If
the
humans
want
to
leave
a
good
impression
on
others,
they
’
d
better
follow these rules.
错误解析：
代词指代不明或随意转换。
?
介词错
[
误
]
Despite of advanced years, he is learning to drive.
[
正
] Despite
advanced years, he is learning to drive.
[
误
]
In the other hand, science and technology can also bring about
some
disasters.
[
改
] On the other hand
, science and technology can also bring about
some disasters.
错误解析：
介词或介词短语的搭配错误。
?
比较级错
[
误
]
With the advancement of science and technology, I believe that
we will become more and more
happier.
[
改
]
With the advancement of science and technology, I believe that
we will
become
happier and happier.
[
误
]
China is larger that any country in Asia.
[
改
]
China is larger than
any other
countries in Asia.
错误解析：
重复使用比较级，或将主语含在比较对象中。
?
从句错
[
误
]
If
anyone
wants
to
go
back
to
ancient
times,
which
had
no
electricity,
cloth and room, almost everyone would say he is
crazy.
[
正
]
If anyone wants to go back to ancient times,
in which
there was
no electricity,
cloth or room, almost everyone would say he is
crazy.
[
误
]
It’s the major thing affects people’s friendship.
[
正
]
It’s the major thing
that
affects people’s friendship.
错误解析：
关系代（副）词漏用或误用。
?
赘述句
[
误
]
For the people who are diligent, money is just the thing to be
used to buy the thing they need.
[
正
] Diligent people
use money only to buy what they need.
[
误
]
We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry
laboratory caught
fire.
[
误
]
We
had
a
crisis
at
school
yesterday
when
our
chemistry
laboratory
caught fire.
错误解析：
表达不简洁，语意冗长累赘。
?
悬垂句
[
误
]
To do well in college, good marks are essential.
[
正
]
To do well in college,
a student
needs good marks.
[
误
]
To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put
into a
suitcase.
[
正
]
To
get
ready
for
the
trip,
she
put
all
the
things
she
needed
into
a suitcase.
错误解析：
句首短语和后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。
?
连动句
[
误
]
There
are
some
people
think
one
should
never
hesitate
to
say
no.
[
正
]
There are some people
who think
that one should never hesitate
to say no.
[
误
]
The most import reason is they lost their stuff chose to keep
silent.
[
正
]
The most import reason is
that those who
lost their stuff chose
to keep silent.
错误解析：
简单句中连续使用两个或以上的谓语动词， 如
there be
句型后
直接跟动词原形。
?
破碎句
[
误
]
They
object
to
changing
job
frequently.
Because
frequent
job-hopping will go nowhere.
[
正
]
They
object
to
changing
job
frequently
,
because
frequent
job-hopping will go
nowhere.
[
误
]
But clone is also a two-edge sword, if uses improperly will be
destructive to human
being.
[
正
]
But
clone
is
also
a
double-edged
sword,
which
might
be
destructive
to human being if
used improperly.
错误解析：
句子缺 乏主语或谓语，如用
because
引导独立句子等。
?
流水句
[
误
]
With the development of economy, the cost of a car is lowering
down in recent years, many
families could afford a private car.
[
正
]
With the development of economy, the cost of a car is lowering
down
in recent years