2014年山东高考英语考试说明

英 语
Ⅰ.命题指导思想
一、命题依据中华人民共和国教育部 2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，
依据《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考 试大纲（课程标准实验版）》和《2014年普通
高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷考试说明》，不拘泥 于某一版本的教科书。
二、命题重视”新材料、新情境”的创设与运用，考查考生的综合语言运用能力。
三、命题保持相对稳定，体现新课程理念。
四、命题力求科学、准确、公平、规范，试卷应有 较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和
适当的难度
。
Ⅱ.考试内容及要求
依 据《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》规定的八级目标要求，确定本学科考试内容。
考生应在英语语言知 识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等方面达到相应水平。
对语言知识、语言运用的具体要求 如下：
一、语言知识
要求考生掌握并能运用《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》八级要求规 定的英语语音、
词汇、语法、功能意念和话题（见附录）。结合山东省中学英语教学实际，确定约330 0个
单词（见附录）作为高考命题的词汇范围。另外，为命题的需要，增加了个别单词，以*号
标明，仅要求考生知道其汉语意思。
二、语言运用
1．阅读
要求考生能读懂书、 报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，
并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
(1) 理解主旨和要义
(2) 理解文中具体信息
(3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义
(4) 作出判断和推理
(5) 理解文章的基本结构
(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度
2．写作
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：

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(1) 清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思
(2) 有效运用所学语言知识
3．口语（对2014年英语及相关专业考生的要求）
要求考生根据题示进行口头表达。考生应能：
(1) 询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法
(2) 做到语音、语调自然
(3) 做到语言运用得体
(4) 使用有效的交际策略

Ⅲ.考试形式与试卷结构 考试形式：采用闭卷、笔试形式（英语及相关专业考生增加口试，办法另定）。考试限
定用时为12 0分钟。
试卷结构：试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，满分150分。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，共105分；第Ⅱ< br>卷为书面表达题，共45分。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 英语知识运用
本部分共两节，考查考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。
第一节：10小 题，每小题1.5分，共15分。每小题在一句或两句话中留出空白，要求
考生从每小题所给的4个选项 中选出最佳选项。
第二节：共40分。在两篇短文中留出空白，要求考生从每小题所给的4个选项中选 出
最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。第一篇短文10小题，每小题
1 分；第二篇短文20小题，每小题1.5分。

第二部分 阅读理解
考查考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。
本部分25小题，每小题2分，共50分。要求考生根据 所提供短文的内容，从每小题所
给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 书面表达
本部分共两节，考查考生用英语进行书面表达的能力。

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第一节：5个小题，共15分。要求考生阅读所给的一篇短文， 并根据短文作答。题目
主要有以下几种类型：
1．根据题目要求就短文内容简要回答问题
2．概括短文或某一段落的主旨大意
3．确定具有指代功能的词汇的所指内容
4．指出作者的写作意图或态度
5．补全短文中空缺的内容
6．同义语句替换
7．根据语境翻译句子
必要时可根据文章的题材和体裁设置其他类型题目。
第二节 ：满分30分。要求考生根据题目的提示和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词
的短文。

Ⅳ.题型示例
第一部分 英语知识运用

第一节 单项填空
1. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.
A. providing









B. provided
D. provide

C. having provided
2. I didn?t think I?d like the movie, but actually it ______ pretty good.
A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be
3. — Are you going to take part in the speech contest?
— _______ It?s too good an opportunity to miss.
A. No problem!
C. why me?










B. That?s for sure.
D. Why bother?
4. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _______.
A. whoever









B. wherever
D. however

C. whatever
5. It doesn?t matter _______ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how
C. what











B. whether
D. why


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6. Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless B. until C. although D. since
7. If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldn?t have been so successful.
A. haven?t made







B. wouldn?t make
D. hadn?t made

C. didn?t make
8. There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
第二节 完形填空
例一
In 1999, Ryan Hreljac and Jimmy Akana became pen pals. Their lives could not have been
more 1 . Ryan lived with his family in Kemptville, Canada, while Jimmy, an orphan, lived in
Agweo, Uganda. Jimmy?s life was in constant 2 because rebel troops would raid his village.
Fate, and Ryan?s 3 to help others, brought the pals together.
When Ryan was 6, he 4 that millions of people in Africa did not have access to clean
water. He decided to 5 that. To raise money, Ryan did chores for four months. He earned
$$70, but that was not 6 to build even one well. “I realized that I couldn?t raise $$ 2,000 by
doing chores,” he told TFK. “So I started doing public speaking.” To date, the Ryan?s Well
Foundation has built 238 wells in 11 countries. “We?ve 7 almost 400,000 people and raised
$$ 1.5 million,” Ryan says.
The foundation?s first well was built in Agweo, where Jimmy lived. The boys met in 2000,
when Ryan traveled to Uganda. “We had a 8 from the beginning,” says Jimmy of that
meeting. The Hreljac family 9 Jimmy and brought him to live in their home. Ryan, 15, and
Jimmy, 17, speak to communities and schools all over the world about the 10 of having
clean drinking water.
1. A. different
2. A. danger








B. difficult
B. absence
B. duty









C. brilliant
C. evidence
D. important
D. decline
D. burden
D. commanded
D. create
D. equal
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3. A. determination
4. A. learned
5. A. change



C. guidance
C. hoped
C. compete
C. usual



B. estimated
B. move
6. A. enough

B. supposed

7. A. helped






B. touched
B. story






C. removed
C. focus
C. pleased
C. habit




D. examined
D. fortune
D. purchased
D. history
8. A. connection
9. A. adopted B. informed
B. future 10. A. importance
例二
I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1 , but I always knew
he was special.
Dad?s always been very 2 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was 3 a great deal of my
time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 4 : stay in school or leave to work on my
magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father
would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my
dad 5 me to go into law. And I?ve always regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 6 I
didn?t pursue my 7 . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.” As 8 turned out, my little
publication went on to become Student, a national 9 for young people in the U.K.
My wife and I have two children, and I?d like to think we are bringing them up in the same
way Dad 10 me.
1. A. teacher B. manager
B. experienced
B. making up
B. decision
B. allowed
B. but
B. task
B. he













C. lawyer
C. serious
C. picking up
C. notice
D. gardener
D. demanding
D. keeping up
D. choice
D. suggested
D. therefore
D. dream
D. that
D. project
D. raised
2. A. understanding
3. A. taking up
4. A. suggestion
5. A. helped
6. A. rather








C. persuaded
C. for
C. belief
C. it



7. A. promise
8. A. this
9. A. newspaper
10. A. controlled
例三
B. magazine
B. comforted
C. program
C. reminded
I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I
have started to think about other people 1 I think about myself. I am happy that I am

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becoming a 2 person.
I think my 3 started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get
my 4 and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly
ever 5 to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really 6 . It
seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So I tried a(n) 7 . I
started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I 8 to
help. That was really a big 9 for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and
two of 10 are still my best friends today.
A bigger cause of my new 11 , however, came when I took a part-time job at Vista
Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimer?s disease became my 12 . Every time
I came into her room, she was so 13 because she thought I was her daughter. Her real
daughter never 14 her, so I took her place. She let me 15 that making others feel good
made me feel good too. When she died, I was 16 , but I was also very grateful to her.
I think I am a much 17 person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not 18
these experiences. They have 19 me to care about other people more than about myself. I
20 who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago.

1. A. since
2. A. famous
3. A. education



B. before C. or


D. unless
D. skilled
D. change
D. interest
D. reported
D. guilty
D. defence
D. happened
D. step
D. whom
D. luck
D. guest
D. confident
D. trusted
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B. simple
B. career
B. homework
B. wrote
B. lonely
B. game
B. offered
C. different
C. tour
4. A. balance
5. A. talked
C. degree
C. lied




6. A. careful
7. A. argument
8. A. dared
9. A. dream

C. curious
C. experiment
C. hesitated
C. duty

B. problem
B. which
B. hobby
B. partner


10. A. us C. them
C. hope 11. A. attitude
12. A. friend C. guide
C. strange 13. A. polite
14. A. bothered

B. happy
B. answered C. visited

15. A. explain
16. A. homeless
B. guess C. declare



D. see
D. hopeless
D. richer
D. analyze
D. taught
D. expect
B. heartbroken C. bad-tempered
B. busier
B. face
C. better
C. improve
C. ordered

17. A. quieter
18. A. forget
19. A. forced

B. preferred
B. like

20. A. miss

例四
C. wonder
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see
there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the 1 home from work in the evenings. A man
will be 2 the newspaper, and seconds later it 3 as if he is trying to 4 it. Or he
will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger 5 next to him. 6 place where unplanned
short sleep 7 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring (打鼾) so 8 that
the professor has to ask another student to 9 the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing (尴尬)
situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the 10 of the head pushes the
arm off the 11 , and the movement carries the 12 of the body along. The student wakes
up on the floor with no 13 of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when 14 .
Police reports are full of 15 that occur when people fall into sleep and go 16 the road.
If the drivers are 17 , they are not seriously hurt. One woman?s car, 18 , went into the
river. She woke up in four feet of 19 and thought it was raining. When people are really
20 , nothing will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are.
1.A. way
2.A. buying
3.A. acts
4.A. open
5.A. lying
6.A. Next
7.A. goes on
8.A. bravely
B. track
B. folding
B. shows



C. path
C. delivering
C. appears
C. find
C. talking
C. Another
C. lasts
C. loudly
C. keep









D. road
D. reading
D. sounds
D. finish
D. sitting
D. One
D. returns
D. carelessly
D. watch
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B. eat
B. waiting
B. Every
B. ends up
B. happily
9.A. leave

B. shake

10.A. size
11.A. cushion
12.A. action
B. shape
B. desk
C. weight
C. shoulder
C. rest
C. question
C. walking
C. ideas
C. along











D. strength
D. book
D. side
D. purpose
D. driving
D. accidents
D. down
D. strong
D. for example
D. bush
D. lazy
B. position
B. reason
B. working
B. events
13.A. memory
14.A. thinking
15.A. changes
16.A. up
17.A. lucky
18.A. in time
19.A. dust
20.A. tired
B. off
B. awake C. calm
C. as usual
C. grass
C. lonely
B. at first
B. water
B. drunk

第二部分 阅读理解

例一
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart,
but always feared applying for a new job.
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His
appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he
was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.
Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a
hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay
for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he
had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your
interview. It?s the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still
had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a
change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer?s office with disappointed looks on
their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the
office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be
interviewed?” Jimmy?s heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this

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interview?” he thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy?s surprise, it was the old man he helped
earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you
as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I just know you?d be a
trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well- deserved
coffee as he landed himself a new job.

1. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?
A. He was out of work.



B. He was bored with his job.
D. He hoped to find a better boss. C. He wanted a higher position.
2. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?
A. A friend?s car had a flat tyre.

B. A wild man was pushing a car.
D. An old man?s car broke down. C. A terrible car accident happened.
3. Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?
A. He was also to be interviewed.
C. He always helped people in need.


B. He needed a travelling companion.
D. He was thankful to Jimmy.
4. How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer?s question?
A. He was sorry for the other applicants.
B. There was no hope for him to get the job.
C. He regretted helping the old man.
D. The interviewer was very rude.
5. What can we learn from Jimmy?s experience?
A. Where there?s a will, there?s a way.
C. Good is rewarded with good.

例二
Arthur Miller (1915-2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the
20th century. Miller?s father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary, drawn like so many
others by the ?Great American Dream.? However, he experienced severe financial hardship when

9


B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. Two heads are better than one.

his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
Miller?s most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system,
with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as
indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble
with this system. Willy is ?burnt out? and in the cruel world of business there is no room for
sentiment: if he can?t do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and
he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.
He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won
the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics? Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize
for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February
10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.
1. Why did Arthur Miller?s father move to the USA?
A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B. He was attracted by the ?Great American Dream.?
C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D. His family business failed.
2. The play Death of a Salesman ______.
A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D. focuses on the skills in doing business
3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?
A. He treats his employer badly.
B. He runs the Wagner Company.
C. He is a victim of the American system.

D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman _______.
A. achieved huge success

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B. won the first Tony Award
C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen
D. was severely attacked by dramatists
5. What is the text mainly about?
A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won.
C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.
例三
Sparrow is a fast- food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which
Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of
declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast- food concepts
reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse,
its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to
build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used
Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food
chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional
campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain?s owner now favored
rebranding Sparrow as Marcy?s restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign
designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to
establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that
time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers?
spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The
TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of
stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in
the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow
image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain
increase in their turnover (营业额).

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These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains
in the regions where it operated.

1. Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A. Most of its restaurants were closed.
C. It was in need of financial support.
B. The number of its customers was declining.
D. Its customers found the food unhealthy.
2. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Customers of other fast-food chains.
C. Customers of Sparrow restaurants.
B. Sparrow restaurants.
D. Other fast-food chains.
3. For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A. To build a good relationship with the public.
B. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C. To learn about customers? spending power.
D. To meet the challenge from Marcy?s restaurants.
4. The TV ads of Sparrow _______.
A. changed people?s views on pop stars
B. amused the public with original songs
C. focused on the superiority of its products
D. influenced the eating habits of the audience
5. What was Pearson?s achievement as a CEO?
A. He managed to pay off Sparrow?s debts.
B. He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C. He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D. He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.

第三部分 书面表达
第一节 阅读表达
例一
[1] Ashley Power?s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was

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thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn?t find anywhere for teenagers to
meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I?d make it a really interesting
site for teenagers.”
[2] So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead. She had
no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen
site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was
asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a
website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells
readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “I was so happy. But
it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen—I didn?t even have a
car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you?d be stressed, too!”
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business,
“Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don?t listen
when , because I heard ?no? a lot. Just keep going until you hear ?yes?!”

1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (no more than 10 words)
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (no more than 10
words)
4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (no more than 5 words)
5. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.

例二
[1] When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he
wants to go outside, he doesn?t take Cuddles out for walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles
is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding
eyes of Shaw, who is blind.
[2] When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an animal
lover, said he couldn?t bear to part with a dog (which usually lives about eight to ten years) and get

13

used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.
[3] Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horses
possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean,
friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and
crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25-35 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same
guide companion for most or all of his life.
[4] Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide
horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his
training.
[5] Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find way on busy streets, step over curbs
（便道沿儿）and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated（显示）its ability to step in
front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. The little
horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties.
Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.

1. What?s the meaning of the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 1?(no more than 2 words)
2. Why didn?t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide? (no more than 15 words)
3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words)
4. How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (no more than 10 words)
5. In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals? (no more than 20
words)
例三
[1] Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire
when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions
alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The
Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”
[2] But money __________________. He married five times and divorced five times. He had
five children but spent little time with them. None of Getty?s children had very happy lives.
[3] Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was a
miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephones in
the guests? bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
[4] In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of

14

money for his safe return. Getty?s son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty
refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Getty?s son made repeated requests for help from his
father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest.
[5] Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu, California. He bought many important and
beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the
museum was $$1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in
size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large
fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about
and love art.

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)
3. Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.
4. What did the kidnappers do to Getty?s family? (no more than 10 words)
5. What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)

例四
[1]It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any day of the week, and the current
amount of reporting will undoubtedly increase further in years to come. This is certainly having an
influence on the live sports events themselves, and there are both benefits and shortcomings to
this.
[2]Why has there been such growth in televised sport? For one thing, with digital
broadcasting, there are now many more TV channels than there were even ten years ago.
Moreover, sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and
women.
[3]What are the benefits of this state of affairs? One obvious advantage to the profession is
the addition of money provided by television companies. Large football clubs benefit financially
from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries. Less popular sports also
receive money that can be used in training and awareness-raising. What?s more, there is a health
benefit to some of the population, because through televised sport, more people have become
interested in actually playing sport.
[4]However, if so much sport is on television. Considering football

15

again, many small clubs have suffered financial losses recently, as they cannot compete with the
large ones. There has been a general falling in ticket sales, especially among smaller clubs. Fewer
people attend live matches nowadays, preferring to watch from the comfort of their living room.
And ticket prices have risen greatly.
[5]To sum up, while televised sport has created many opportunities and benefited certain
people and clubs very much, it has also been responsible for changing the nature of live sports
events for ever.
1. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)
2. Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph 2.(no more than 3 words)
There has been a great increase in TV channels in the past few years with the help
of_____________.
3. Point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in Paragraph3. (no
more than 3 words)
4. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
5. What does the word “it” (Line2, Paragraph5) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)

第二节 写作
根据题目的提示和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词的短文。
题型示例略。


Ⅴ.附录
一、语音项目表
1．基本读音
（1）26个字母读音
（2）元音字母在重读音节中的读音
（3）元音字母在轻读音节中的读音
（4）元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
（5）常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音
（6）辅音字母组合的读音
（7）辅音连缀的读音

16

（8）成节音的读音
2．重音
（1）单词重音
（2）句子重音
3．读音的变化
（1）连读 （2）失去爆破 （3）弱读 （4）同化
4．语调与节奏
（1）意群与停顿 （2）语调 （3）节奏
5．语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用
6．朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧
7．主要英语国家的英语语音差异
二、语法项目表
1．名词
（1）可数名词及其单复数 （2）不可数名词
（3）专有名词 （4）名词所有格
2．代词
（1）人称代词 （2）物主代词
（3）反身代词 （4）指示代词
（5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词
3．数词
（1）基数词 （2）序数词
4．介词和介词短语
5．连词
6．形容词（比较级和最高级）
7．副词（比较级和最高级）
8．冠词
9．动词
（1）动词的基本形式 （2）系动词
（3）及物动词和不及物动词 （4）助动词
（5）情态动词
10．时态
（1）一般现在时 （2）一般过去时
（3）一般将来时 （4）现在进行时
（5）过去进行时 （6）过去将来时
17

（7）将来进行时 （8）现在完成时
（9）过去完成时 （10）现在完成进行时
11．被动语态
12．非谓语动词
（1）动词不定式 （2）动词的-ing形式 （3）动词的-ed形式
13．构词法
（1）合成法 （2）派生法
（3）转化法 （4）缩写和简写
14．句子种类
（1）陈述句 （2）疑问句
（3）祈使句 （4）感叹句
15．句子成分
（1）主语 （2）谓语 （3）表语
（5）定语 （6）状语 （7）补语
16．简单句的基本句型
17．主谓一致
18．并列复合句
19．主从复合句
（1）宾语从句 （2）状语从句
（4）主语从句 （5）表语从句
20．间接引语
21、省略
22．倒装
23．强调
24．虚拟语气

（4）宾语
3）定语从句
18


（

五、词 汇 表
A
a(an) art.
abandon v.
ability n.
able a.
abnormal a.
aboard prep.
abolish v.
abortion n.
about ad. & prep.
above prep., a. & ad.
abroad a. & ad.
abrupt a.
absence n.
absent a.
absolute a.
absorb v.
abstract a. & n.
absurd a.
abundant a.
abuse v.
academic a. & n.
academy n.
accelerate v.
accent n.
accept v.
access n. & v.
accessible a.
accident n.
accommodation n.
accompany v.
accomplish v.
* according a. & ad.
account n.
accountant n.
accumulate v.

accuracy n.
accurate a.
accuse v.
accustomed a.
ache v. & n.
achieve v.
achievement n.
acid a.
acknowledge v.
acquaintance n.
acquire v.
acquisition n.
acre n.
across prep.
act n. & v.
action n.
active a.
activity n.
actor n.
actress n.
actual a.
acute a.
AD n.
ad =advertisement n.
adapt v.
adaptation n.
add v.
addicted a.
addition n.
address n.
adequate a.
adjust v.
adjustment n.
administration n.
admirable a.
admire v.
admission n.
19

admit v.
adolescence n.
adolescent n.
adopt v.
adore v.
adult n.
advance v. & n.
advantage n.
adventure n.
advertise v.
advertisement n.
advice n.
advise v.
advocate v.
affair n.
affect v.
affection n.
afford v.
afraid a.
Africa?n.
African a. & n.
after ad., prep. &
afternoon n.
afterwards ad.
again ad.
against prep.
age n.
agency n.
agenda n.
agent n.
aggressive a.
ago ad.
agree v.
agreement n.
agricultural a.
agriculture n.
ahead ad.
aid n. & v.

conj.

AIDS n.
aim n. & v.
air n.
aircraft n.
airline n.
airmail n.
airplane n.
airport n.
airspace n.
alarm n. & v.
album n.
alcohol n.
alcoholic a. & n.
algebra n.
alike ad.
alive a.
all ad., a. & pron.
allergic a.
alley n.
allocate v.
allow v.
allowance n.
almost ad.
alone a.
along ad. & prep.
alongside ad.
aloud ad.
alphabet n.
already ad.
also ad.
alternative a.
although conj.
altitude n.
altogether ad.
aluminium n.
always ad.
, n.
amateur a.
20

amaze v.
amazing a.
America n.
ambassador (ambassadress) n.
ambiguous a.
ambition n.
ambulance n.
among prep.
amount n. & v.
ample a.
amuse v.
amusement n.
analyseze v.
analysis n.
ancestor n.
anchor v. & n.
ancient a.
and conj.
anecdote n.
anger n.
angle n.
angry a.
animal n.
ankle n.
anniversary n.
announce v.
annoy v.
annual a.
another a. & pron.
answer n. & v.
ant n.
Antarctic n. & a.
antique n.
anxiety n.
anxious a.
any pron. & a.
anybody pron.
anyhow ad.


anyone pron.
anything pron.
anyway ad.
anywhere ad.
apart ad. & a.
apartment n.
apologize v.
apology n.
apparent a.
appeal v. & n.
appear v.
appearance n.
appendix n.
appetite n.
applaud v. & n.
apple n.
applicant n.
application n.
apply v.
appoint v.
appointment n.
appreciate v.
appreciation n.
approach n. & v.
appropriate a.
approval n.
approve v.
approximately ad.
apron n.
arbitrary a.
arch n.
architect n.
architecture n.
Arctic n. & a.
area n.
argue v.
argument n.
arise (arose, arisen) v.
21

arithmetic n.
arm n. & v.
armchair n.
army n.
around ad. & prep.
arrange v.
arrangement n.
arrest v.
arrival n.
arrive v.
arrow n.
art n.
article n.
artificial a.
artist n.
as ad., conj. & prep.
ash n.
ashamed a.
Asia? n.
Asian a. & n.
aside ad.
ask v.
asleep a.
aspect n.
assess v.
assessment n.
assist v.
assistance n.
assistant n.
associate v.
association n.
assume v.
assumption n.
astonish v.
astronaut n.
astronomer n.
astronomy n.
at prep.


athlete n.
athletic a.
Atlantic n. & a.
atmosphere n.
atom n.
attach v.
attack v. & n.
attain v.
attempt v. & n.
attend v.
attention n.
attitude n.
attract v.
attraction n.
attractive a.
audience n.
aunt n.
authentic a.
author n.
authority n.
automatic a.
autonomous a.
autumn n.
available a.
avenue n.
average a. & n.
avoid v.
awake (awoke, awoken)
award n.
aware a.
away ad.
awesome a.
awful a.
awkward a.

B
baby n.
bachelor n.
v. & a.
22

back ad., a. & n.
background n.
backward(s) ad.
bacon n.
bacterium (pl bacteria) n.
bad (worse, worst) a.
badminton n.
bag n.
baggage n.
bakery n.
balance n.
balcony n.
ball? n.
ballet n.
balloon n.
bamboo n.
ban n. & v.
banana n.
band n.
bandage n
bank? n.
bar? n.
barbecue n.
barber n.
barbershop n.
bare a.
bargain n. & v.
bark v. & n.
barrier n.
base n.
baseball n.
basement n.
basic a.
basin n.
basis n.
basket n.
basketball n.
bat n.


bath n.
bathe v.
bathroom n.
bathtub n.
battery n.
battle n.
bay n.
BC n.
be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) v.
beach n.
bean n.
bean curd n.
bear
1
n.
bear
2
v.
beard n.
beast n.
beat (beat, beaten) v. & n.
beautiful a.
beauty n.
because conj.
become (became, become) v.
bed n.
beddings n.
bedroom n.
bee n.
beef n.
beer n.
before prep., ad. & conj.
beg v.
begin (began, begun) v.
behalf n.
behave v.
behaviour n.
behind prep. & ad.
being n.
belief n.
believe v.
bell n.
23

belly n.
belong v.
below prep.
belt n.
bench n.
bend (bent, bent) v.
bleed v.
bless v.
blind a.
block n. & v.
blood n.
blow (blew, blown) v.
beneath prep.
beneficial a.
benefit n. & v.
bent a. & n.
beside prep.
besides prep. &
betray v.
between prep.
beyond prep.
bicycle n.
bid v. & n.
big a.
bike =bicycle n.
bill n.
bingo n.
biochemistry n.
biography n.
biology n.
bird n.
birth n.
birthday n.
birthplace n.
biscuit n.
bishop n.
bit n.
bite (bit, bitten) v.
bitter a.
black n. & a.
blackboard n.
blame n. & v.
blank n. & a.
blanket n.

ad.

blue? n. & a.
board n. & v.
boat n.
body n.
boil v.
bomb n. & v.
bond n. & v.
bone n.
book n. & v.
boom n. & v.
boot n.
booth n.
border n.
bored a.
boring a.
born a.
borrow v.
boss n.
botanical a.
botany n.
both a. & pron.
bother v.
bottle n.
bottom n.
bounce v.
bound a.
boundary n.
bow v. & n.
bowl n.
bowling n.
box n.
boxing n.
24

boy n.
boycott v.
brain n.
brake n. & v.
branch n.
brand n.
brave a.
building n.
bunch n.
bungalow n.
burden n.
bureaucratic a.
burglar n.
burn (burnt, burnt-ed,-ed) v. & n.
bravery n.
bread n.
break (broke, broken) v. & n.
breakfast n.
breakthrough n.
breast n.
breath n.
breathe v.
breathless a.
brewery n.
brick n.
bride n.
bridegroom n.
bridge n.
brief a.
bright a.
brilliant a.
bring (brought, brought) v.
broad a.
broadcast（broadcast, broadcast -ed,-ed）v.
brochure n.
broken a.
broom n.
brother n.
brown n. & a.
brunch n.
brush v. & n.
Buddhism n.
budget n.
buffet n.
build (built, built) v.

burst v.
bury v.
bus n.
bush n.
business n.
businessmanwoman
(pl businessmenwomen)
busy a.
but conj. & prep.
butcher n. & v.
butter n.
butterfly n.
button n. & v.
buy (bought, bought) v.
by prep.
bye int.

C
cab n.
cabbage n.
cafe n.
cafeteria n.
cage n.
calculate v.
cake n.
call n. & v.
calm a. & v.
camel n.
camera n.
camp n. & v.
campaign n.
n.
25

can
1
(could); can?t =cannot modal v. category n.
can
2
n.
canal n.
cancel v.
cancer n.
candidate n.
candle n.
candy n.
canteen n.
cap n.
capital n.
capsule n.
captain n.
caption n.
car n.
carbon n.
card n.
care n. & v.
careful a.
careless a.
carpenter n.
carpet n.
carriage n.
carrier n.
carrot n.
carry v.
cartoon n.
carve v.
case? n.
cash n. & v.
cassette n.
cast (cast, cast) v.
castle n.
casual a.
cat n.
catalog(ue) n.
catastrophe n.
catch (caught, caught)

v.
cater v.
catholic a.
cattle n.
cause n. & v.
caution n.
cautious a.
cave n.
ceiling n.
celebrate v.
celebration n.
cell n.
cent n.
centigrade a.
centimetre (centimeter) n.
central a.
centre (center) n.
century n.
ceremony n.
certain a.
certificate n.
chain n.
chair n.
chairmanwoman (pl chairmenwomen)
chalk n.
challenge n.
challenging a.
champion n.
chance n.
change n. & v.
changeable a.
channel n.
chant v. & n.
chaos n.
character n.
characteristic a.
charge v. & n.
chapter n.
n.
26

chart n.
chat n. & v.
cheap a.
cheat n. & v.
check n. & v.
cheek n.
cheer n. & v.
cheerful a.
cheers int.
cheese n.
chef n.
chemical a. & n.
chemist n.
chemistry n.
cheque ( check) n.
chess n.
chest n.
chew v.
chicken n.
chief a. & n.
child (pl children) n.
childhood n.
chocolate n.
choice n.
choir n.
choke n. & v.
choose (chose, chosen)
chopsticks n.
chorus n.
Christian n.
Christmas n.
church n.
cigar n.
cigarette n.
cinema n.
circle n. & v.
circuit n.
circulate v.

v.

circumstance n.
circus n.
citizen n.
city n.
civil a.
civilian n.
civilization n.
clap v.
clarify v.
class n.
classic a.
classify v.
classmate n.
classroom n.
claw n.
clay n.
clean v. & a.
cleaner n.
clear a.
clerk n.
clever a.
click v.
climate n.
climb v.
clinic n.
clock n.
clone v.
close a. & ad.
cloth n.
clothes n.
clothing n.
cloud n.
cloudy a.
club n.
clumsy a.
coach n.
coal n.
coast n.
27

coat n.
cocoa n.
coffee n.
coin n.
coincidence n.
coke n.
cold a. & n.
collar n.
colleague n.
collect v.
collection n.
college n.
collision n.
colour ( color) n. & v.
comb n. & v.
combine v.
come (came, come) v.
comedy n.
comfort n.
comfortable a.
command n. & v.
comment n.
commercial a.
commit v.
commitment n.
committee n.
common a.
communicate v.
communication n.
communism n.
communist n. & a.
* community n.
companion n.
company n.
compare v.
* comparison n.
compass n.
compensate v.


compete v.
competence n.
competition n.
* complain v.
* complaint n.
complete a. & v.
complex a. & n.
component n.
composition n.
comprehension n.
compromise v.
compulsory a.
computer n.
concentrate v.
concept n.
concern v. & n.
concert n.
conclude v.
conclusion n.
concrete a.
condition n.
condemn v.
conduct v.
conductor n.
confident a.
confidential a.
conference n.
confirm v.
conflict n.
confuse v.
congratulate v.
congratulation n.
connect v.
connection n.
conscience n.
consensus n.
consequence n.
conservation n.
28

conservative a.
consider v.
considerate a.
consideration n.
consist v.
consistent a.
constant a.
constitution n.
copy n. & v.
corn n.
corner n.
corporation n.
correct v. & a.
correction n.
correspond v.
corrupt a. & v.
construct v.
construction n.
consult v.
consultant n.
consume v.
contain v.
container n.
contemporary a.
content
1
n.
content
2
a.
continent n.
continue v.
contradict v.
contradictory a.
contrary n. & a.
* contrast v. & n.
contribute v.
contribution n.
control v. & n.
controversial a.
convenience n.
convenient a.
conventional a.
conversation n.
convey v.
convince v.
cook n. & v.
cooker n.
cookie n.
cool a.

cost n. & v.
cosy a.
cottage n.
cotton n. & a.
cough n. & v.
could modal v.
count v.
counter n.
country n.
countryside n.
couple n.
courage n.
course n.
court n.
courtyard n.
cousin n.
cover n. & v.
cow n.
crash v. & n.
crayon n.
crazy a.
cream n.
create v.
creature n.
credit n.
crew n.
crime n.
criminal n.
criterion (pl criteria)
* criticize v.

n.
29

crop n.
cross n. & v.
crossing n.
crossroads n.
crowd n. & v.
cruel a.
cry n. & v.
cube n.
cubic a.
cuisine n.
culture n.
cup n.
cupboard n.
cure n. & v.
curious a.
currency n.
* current a. & n.
curriculum n.
curtain n.
cushion n.
custom n.
customer n.
customs n.
cut (cut, cut) v. & n.
cycle v.
cyclist n.

D
dad=daddy n.
daily a., ad. & n.
dam n.
damage n. & v.
damp a. & n.
dance n. & v.
danger n.
dangerous a.
dare v. & modal v.
dark n. & a.


darkness n.
dash v. & n.
data n.
database n.
date? n. & v.
daughter n.
dawn n.
day n.
dead a.
deadline n.
deaf a.
deal n.
dear? a.
death n.
debate n. & v.
debt n.
decade n.
decide v.
decision n.
declare v.
decline v.
decorate v.
decoration n.
decrease v.
deed n.
deep a. & ad.
deer n.
defeat v.
defence ( defense) n.
defend v.
* definitely ad.
degree n.
delay n. & v.
delete v. & n.
deliberately ad.
delicate a.
delicious a.
delight n.
30

delighted a.
deliver v.
demand v.
dentist n.
department (Dept.) n.
departure n.
depend v.
deposit v. & n.
depth n.
describe v.
description n.
desert?v. & n.
deserve v.
design v. & n.
desire v. & n.
desk n.
desperate a.
* despite prep.
dessert n.
destination n.
destroy v.
* detect v.
detective n.
determine v.
develop v.
development n.
* device n.
devote v.
devotion n.
diagram n.
dial v.
dialogue ( dialog) n.
diamond n.
diary n.
dictation n.
dictionary n.
die v.
diet n.


differ v.
difference n.
different a.
difficult a.
difficulty n.
dig (dug, dug) v.
digest v.
digital a.
dignity n.
dilemma n.
dimension n.
dinner n.
dinosaur n.
dioxide n.
dip v.
direct a. & v.
direction n.
director n.
directory n.
dirty a.
disability n.
disabled a.
disadvantage n.
disagree v.
disappear v.
disappoint v.
disappointed a.
disaster n.
discount n.
discourage v.
discover v.
discovery n.
discrimination n.
discuss v.
discussion n.
disease n.
disgusting a.
dish n.
31

disk=disc n.
dislike v.
dismiss v.
* display v. & n.
draw (drew, drawn) v.
drawback n.
drawer n.
dream (dreamt, dreamt 或-ed, -ed) n. & v.
distance n.
distant a.
distinction n.
distinguish v.
distribute v.
district n.
disturb v.
disturbing a.
dive v.
diverse v.
divide v.
division n.
divorce v.
dizzy a.
do (did, done) v.
doctor n.
document n.
dog n.
doll n.
dollar n.
donate v.
door n.
dormitory （dorm）n.
dot n.
double a. & n.
doubt n. & v.
down prep. & ad.
download n. & v.
downstairs ad.
downtown ad., n. &
dozen n.
Dr =doctor n.
draft n. & v.
drag v.

a.
dress n. & v.
drill n. & v.
drink (drank, drunk) v.
drive (drove, driven) v.
driver n.
drop n. & v.
drug n.
drum n.
drunk a.
dry v. & a.
duck n.
due a.
dull a.
dumpling n.
during prep.
dusk n.
dustbin n.
dusty a.
duty n.
dynamic a.
E
each a. & pron.
eager a.
eagle n.
ear n.
early a. & ad.
earn v
earth n.
earthquake n.
east a., ad. & n.
Easter n.
32

eastern a.
easy a.
eat (ate, eaten) v.
* emphasize v.
employ v.
empty a.
ecology n.
edge n.
edition n.
editor n.
educate v.
educator n.
education n.
effect n.
* efficient a.
effort n.
egg n.
eggplant n.
either a., conj.
elder n.
elect v.
electric a.
electrical a.
electricity n.
electronic a.
elegant a.
elephant n.
else ad.
email n. & v.
embarrass v.
embassy n.
emergency n.
emperor n.

& ad.

encourage v.
end n. & v.
ending n.
endless a.
enemy n.
energetic a.
energy n.
* engage v.
engine n.
engineer n.
enjoy v.
enjoyable a.
enlarge v.
enough n., a. &
enquiry n.
enter v.
enterprise n.
entertainment n.
enthusiastic a.
entire a.
entrance n.
envelope n.
environment n.
envy v. & n.
equal a. & v.
equality n.
equip v.
ad.
33

equipment n.
eraser n.
error n.
erupt v.
escape n. & v.
especially ad.
essay n.
* essential a. & n.
* estimate n. & v.
Europe n.
European a. & n.
evaluate v.
even ad.
evening n.
event n.
eventually ad.
ever ad.
every a.
everybody pron.
everyday a.
everyone pron.
everything pron.
everywhere ad.
evidence n.
evident a.
evolution n.
exact a.
exam = examination n.
examine v.
example n.


excellent a.
except prep.
exchange n. & v.
excite v.
excuse n. & v.
exercise n. & v.
exhibition n.
exist v.
existence n.
exit n.
expand v.
expect v.
expectation n.
expense n.
expensive a.
experience n.
experiment n.
expert n.
explain v.
explanation n.
explode v.
explore v.
export n. & v.
expose v.
express v. & n.
expression n.
extension n.
extra a.
extraordinary a.
extreme a.
34

eye n.
eyesight n.
fasten v.
fat n. & a.
father n.
fault n.
favour ( favor) n.
favourite ( favorite) a. & n.

F
face n. & v.
facial a.
fact n.
factory n.
fade v.
fail v. & n.
failure n.
fair
1
a.
fair
2
n.
faith n.
fall
1
(fell, fallen) v.
fall
2
=autumn n.
false a.
familiar a.
family n.
famous a.
fan n.
fancy n., v. & a.
fantastic a.
fantasy n.
far (farther, farthest further, furthest) a. & ad.
fare n.
farm n.
farmer n.
fast a. & ad.

fax n. & v.
fear n.
feast n.
feather n.
* feature n. & v.
federal a.
fee n.
feed (fed, fed) v.
feel (felt, felt) v.
feeling n.
fellow n.
female a. & n.
fence n.
ferry n.
festival n. & a.
fetch v.
fever n.
few pron. & a.
fibre ( fiber) n.
fiction n.
field n.
fierce a.
fight (fought, fought)
figure n. & v.
n. & v.
35

file n.
fill v.
film n. & v.
flight?n.
float v.
flood n. & v.
final a.
finance n.
* financial a.
find (found, found)
fine
1
?a.
fine
2
v.
finger n.
fingernail n.
finish v. & n.
fire n. & v.
fireworks n.
firm
1
?n.
firm
2
a.
fish n. & v.
fisherman n.
fist n.
fit a. & v.
fix v.
flag n.
flame n.
flash n.
flashlight n.
flat
1
n.
flat
2
a.
flee (fled, fled) v.
flexible a.
flesh n.

v.
floor n.
flour n.
flow v.
flower n.
flu n.
fluency a.
fluent a.
fly
1
(flew, flown) v.
fly
2
n.
focus v. & n.
fog n.
foggy a.
fold v.
folk a.
follow v.
fond a.
food n.
fool n. & v.
foolish a.
foot (pl feet) n.
football n.
for prep. & conj.
forbid (forbade, forbidden)
force v.
forecast n. & v.
forehead n.
foreign a.
v.
36

foreigner n.
foresee (foresaw, foreseen) v.
forest n.
forever ad.
forget (forgot, forgotforgotten) v.
forgetful a.
forgive (forgave, forgiven) v.
fork n.
form n. & v.
format n.
former a.
fortnight n.
fortunate a.
fortune n.
forty num.
forward ad.
found v.
fountain n.
fox n.
franc n.
fragile a.
fragrant a.
framework n.
free a.
freedom n.
freeway n.
freeze (froze, frozen) v.
freezing a.
frequent a.
fresh a.


friction n.
fridge = refrigerator n.
friend n.
friendly a.
friendship n.
frighten v.
frog n.
from prep.
front a. & n.
frontier n.
frost n.
fruit n.
fry v.
fuel n.
full a.
fun n. & a.
function n. & v.
* fund n. & v.
fundamental a.
funeral n.
funny a.
fur n.
furnished a.
furniture n.
future n.

G
gain v.
gallery n.
37

gallon n.
game n.
* gap n.
garage n.
garbage n.
garden n.
garlic n.
garment n.
gas n.
gate n.
gather v.
gay a.
general a. & n.
generation n.
generous a.
gentle a.
gentleman n.
geography n.
geometry n.
gesture n.
get (got, got) v.
gift n.
gifted a.
girl n.
give (gave, given) v.
glad a.
glance v.
glare v.
glass n.
globe n.


glory n.
glove n.
glue n.
go (went, gone) v.
goal n.
goat n.
god n.
gold n. & a.
golden a.
golf n.
good ( better, best) a.
goods n.
goose (pl geese) n.
govern v.
government n.
grade n.
gradual a.
graduate v.
graduation n.
grain n.
gram n.
grammar n.
grand a.
grandchild n.
granddaughter n.
grandma = grandmother n.
grandpa = grandfather n.
grandparents n.
grandson n.
granny n.
38

grape n.
graph n.
grasp v.
grass n.
grateful a.
gravity n.
great a. & ad.
greedy a.
green a. & n.
greengrocer n.
greet v.
greeting n.
grey (gray) a.
grill n.
grocer n.
grocery n.
ground n.
group n.
grow (grew, grown) v.
growth n.
guarantee v.
guard n.
guess v.
guest n.
guidance n.
guide n.
guilty a.
guitar n.
gun n.
gym = gymnasium n.


gymnastics n.

H
habit n.
hair n.
haircut n.
half a. & n.
hall n.
ham n.
hamburger n.
hammer n.
hand n. & v.
handbag n.
handful n.
handkerchief n.
handle n. & v.
handsome a.
handwriting n.
handy a.
hang (hung, hung-ed, -ed)
happen v
happiness n.
happy a.
harbour ( harbor) n.
hard ad. & a.
hardly ad.
hardship n.
hardworking a.
harm n. & v.
v.
39

harmful a.
harmony n.
harvest n. & v.
hat n.
hesitate v.
hi int.
hide (hid, hidden) v.
high a. & ad.
hatch v.
hate v. & n.
have ( has, had, had) v.
head n. & v.
headache n.
headline n.
headmastermistress n.
health n.
healthy a.
hear (heard, heard) v.
hearing n.
heart n.
heat n.
heaven n.
heavy a.
heel n.
height n.
helicopter n.
hello int.
helmet n.
help n. & v.
helpful a.
hen n.
herb n.
here ad.
hero n.

highway n.
hill n.
hire v.
history n.
hit (hit, hit) n. &
hobby n.
hold (held, held) v.
hole n.
holiday n.
holy a.
home n. & ad.
homeland n.
hometown n.
homework n.
honest a.
honey n.
honour ( honor) n.
hook n. & v.
hope n. & v.
hopeful a.
hopeless a.
horrible a.
horse n.
hospital n.
host n. & v.
hostess n.
v.

& v.
40

hot a.
hotdog n.
hotel n.
hour n.
house n.
housewife n.
housework n.
how ad.
however ad. & conj.
howl v.
hug v.
huge a.
human a. & n.
human being n.
humorous a.
humour ( humor) n.
hunger n.
hungry a.
hunt v.
hunter n.
hurricane n.
hurry v.
hurt (hurt, hurt) v.
husband n.
hydrogen n.

I
ice n.
ice-cream n.


idea n.
identity n.
identification n.
idiom n.
if conj.
ignore v.
ill a.
illegal a.
illness n.
* image n.
imagine v.
immediately ad.
immigration n.
* impact n. & v.
import v. & n.
importance n.
important a.
impossible a.
impress v.
impression n.
improve v.
in prep. & ad.
inch n.
incident n.
include v.
income n.
increase v. & n.
indeed a.
independence n.
independent a.
41

indicate v.
industry n.
* infer v.
influence n. & v.
intention n.
interest n.
interesting a.
international a.
inform v.
information n.
initial a.
injure v.
injury n.
ink n.
inn n.
innocent a.
insect n.
insert v.
inside prep. &
insist v.
inspect v.
inspire v.
* install v.
instant a.
instead ad.
institute n.
institution n.
instruct v.
instruction n.
instrument n.
insurance n.
insure v.
intelligence n.
intend v.

ad.
internet n.
interpreter n.
interrupt v.
interval n.
interview n. & v.
into prep.
introduce v.
introduction n.
invent v.
invention n.
* invest v.
* investigation n.
* investment n.
invitation n.
invite v.
* involve v.
iron n. & v.
island n.
* issue n. & v.
* item n.

J
jacket n.
jam n.
jar n.
jaw n.
42

jazz n.
jeans n.
jeep n.
jet n.
jewellery n.
job n.
jog v.
join v.
joke n.
journalist n.
journey n.
joy n.
judge n. & v.
judgement n.
juice n.
jump n. & v.
jungle n.
junior a.
just a. & ad.
justice n.

K
kangaroo n.
keep (kept, kept) v.
kettle n.
key n.
keyboard n.
kick v. & n.
kid n.


kill v.
kilo n.
kilogram n.
kilometre n.
kind
1
n.
kind
2
a.
kindergarten n.
kindness n.
king n.
kingdom n.
kiss n. & v.
kitchen n.
kite n.
knee n.
knife (pl knives) n.
knock n. & v.
know (knew, known)
knowledge n.

L
lab = laboratory n.
labour ( labor) n.
lack n. & v.
lady n.
lake n.
lamb n.
lame a.
lamp n.
land n. & v.
v.
43

language n.
lantern n.
lap n.
large a.
last? a. & v.
late a. & ad.
latter n.
laugh n. & v.
laughter n.
laundry n.
law n.
lawyer n.
lay (laid, laid) v.
lazy a.
lead (led, led) v. & n.
leader n.
leaf (pl leaves) n.
league n.
leak v.
learn (learnt, learnt-ed, -ed)
least n.
leather n.
leave (left, left) v.
lecture n.
left a., ad. & n.
leg n.
legal a.
lemon n. & a.
lemonade n.
lend (lent, lent) v.

v.

length n.
lesson n.
let (let, let) v.
letter n.
level n.
liberty n.
liberation n.
librarian n.
library n.
license n.
lid n.
lie
1
n. & v.
lie
2
v.
life (pl lives) n.
lift? v. & n.
light n., v. & a.
lightning n.
like? v. & prep.
likely a.
limit v.
line n. & v.
link v. & n.
lion n.
lip n.
liquid n. & a.
list n. & v.
listen v.
literature n.
literary a.
litre ( liter) n.
44

litter v.
little (less, least) a.
live? v. & a.
lively a.
load n.
loaf n.
mad a.
madammadame n.
magazine n.
magic a.
maid n.
mail n. & v.
local a.
lock n. & v.
lonely a.
long a. & ad.
look n. & v.
loose a.
lorry n.
loss n.
lose (lost, lost) v.
lot n.
loud a.
lounge n.
love n. & v.
lovely a.
low a. & ad.
luck n.
lucky a.
luggage n.
lunch n.
lung n.

M
machine n.

mailbox n.
main a.
mainland n.
major a.
majority n.
make
1
(made, made)
make
2
n.
male a. & n.
man (pl men) n.
manage v.
manager n.
mankind n.
manner n.
many ( more, most)
map n.
maple n.
marathon n.
marble n.
march n. & v.
mark n. & v.
market n.
marriage n.
marry v.
mask n. & v.
v.
pron. & a.
45

mass n.
master v. & n.
mat n.
match v. & n.
material n.
mathematics = math maths n.
matter n. & v.
mature a.
maximum a. & n.
may modal v.
maybe ad.
meal n.
mean (meant, meant) v.
meaning n.
means n.
meanwhile ad.
measure v.
meat n.
medal n.
media n.
medical a.
medicine n.
medium n.
meet (met, met) v. & n.
meeting n.
melon n.
member n.
memorial n.
memory n.
mend v.


mental a.
mention n. & v.
menu n.
merchant a. & n.
merciful a.
mercy n.
merely ad.
merry a.
mess n.
message n.
messy a.
metal n. & a.
method n.
metre ( meter) n.
microscope n.
microwave n.
middle n.
midnight n.
might modal v.
mild a.
mile n.
* military a.
milk n. & v.
millionaire n.
mind n. & v.
mine
1
pron.
mine
2
n. & v.
mineral n.
minibus n.
minimum a.
46

minister n.
ministry n.
minority n.
minus prep. & a.
minute n.
* mood n.
moon n.
mop n. & v.
moral a. & n.
more（much, many） a., ad. & n.
mirror n.
miss
1
v.
miss
2
n.
missile n.
mist n.
mistake (mistook, mistaken) v.
mistaken a.
misunderstand (misunderstood,
misunderstood) v.
mix v.
mixture n.
mm = millimetre n.
mobile a.
model n.
modem n.
modern a.
modest a.
mom = mum n.
moment n.
mommy = mummy n.
money n.
monitor n.
monkey n.
month n.
monument n.

morning n.
Moslem n.
mosquito n.
mother n.
motherland n.
& n. motivation n.
motor n.
motorcycle n.
motto n.
mountain n.
mountainous a.
mourn v.
mouse (pl mice) n.
moustache n.
mouth n.
move v.
movement n.
movie n.
Mr. (mister) n.
Mrs. (mistress) n.
Ms. n.
mud n.
muddy a.
multiply v.
murder v.
47

museum n.
mushroom n.
music n.
musical a. & n.
musician n.
must modal v.
mutton n.

N
nail n.
name n. & v.
narrow a.
nation n.
national a.
nationality n.
nationwide ad.
native a.
natural a.
nature n.
navy n.
near a., ad. & prep.
nearby a.
nearly ad.
neat a.
necessary a.
neck n.
necklace n.
need n. & modal v.
needle n.


negotiate v.
neighbour ( neighbor) n.
neighbourhood ( neighborhood) n.
neither a.
nephew n.
nervous a.
nest n.
net n.
network n.
* neutral a.
never ad.
new a.
news n.
newspaper n.
next a. & ad.
nice a.
niece n.
night n.
no ad. & a.
No. = number n.
noble a.
nobody n. & pron.
nod v.
noise n.
noisy a.
none pron.
noodle n.
noon n.
nor conj.
normal n. & a.
48

north a., ad. & n.
northeast n.
northern a.
northwest n.
nose n.
not ad.
note n. & v.
notebook n.
nothing n., ad & pron.
notice n. & v.
novel n.
novelist n.
now ad.
nowadays ad.
nowhere ad.
nuclear a.
numb a.
number n.
nurse n.
nursery n.
nut n.
nutrition n.

O
obey v.
object n.
observe v.
obtain v.
obvious a.


occupation n.
occupy v.
occur v.
ocean n.
Oceania? n.
o?clock n.
of prep.
off prep. & ad.
offence n.
offer n. & v.
office n.
officer n.
official n. & a.
offshore a.
often ad.
oh int.
oil n. & v.
oilfield n.
O.K. ad.
old a.
Olympic(s) a. & n.
on prep. & ad.
once n., ad. & conj.
onion n.
* online a. & ad.
only a. & ad.
onto prep.
open a. & v.
opening n.
opera n.
49

operate v.
operation n.
operator n.
opinion n.
* opportunity n.
oppose v.
opposite n. & a.
optimistic a.
optional a.
or conj.
oral a.
orange n. & a.
orbit n.
order n. & v.
ordinary a.
organ n.
organise ( organize) v.
organization n.
origin n.
other pron. & a.
otherwise ad.
ought modal v.
out ad.
outcome n.
outdoors ad.
outer a.
outgoing a.
outing n.
outline n.
output n.


outside n., ad. & prep.
outspoken a.
outstanding a.
outward(s) ad.
over prep. & ad.
overcoat n.
overcome v.
overhead a.
overlook v.
overweight a.
owe v.
own a. & v.
owner n.
ownership n.
ox (pl oxen) n.
oxygen n.

P
pace n.
Pacific a.
pack n. & v.
package n.
packet n.
paddle n.
page n.
pain n.
painful a.
paint n. & v.
painter n.
50

painting n.
pair n.
palace n.
pale a.
pan n.
panda n.
panic a. & v.
paper n.
paperwork n.
paragraph n.
parallel n.
parcel n.
pardon n.
parent n.
park
1
n.
park
2
v.
parking n.
parrot n.
part n., a. & v.
participate v.
particular a.
partly ad.
partner n.
part-time a. & ad.
party n.
pass v.
passage n.
passenger n.
passer-by n.
passive a.


passport n.
past ad., n. & prep.
patent n.
path n.
patience n.
patient
1
n.
patient
2
a.
pattern n.
pause n. & v.
pavement n.
pay (paid, paid) v. & n.
P.C. = personal computer n.
P.E. = physical education n.
pea n.
peace n.
peaceful a.
peach n.
pear n.
pedestrian n.
pen n.
pencil n.
pence n.
penny n.
pension n.
people n.
pepper n.
per prep.
percent n.
percentage n.
perfect a.
51

perform v.
performance n.
performer n.
perfume n.
perhaps ad.
period n.
permanent a.
permission n.
permit v. & n.
person n.
personal a.
personally ad.
personnel n.
persuade v.
pest n.
pet n.
petrol n.
phenomenon (pl phenomena) n.
phone = telephone v. & n.
photo = photograph n.
photographer n.
phrase n.
physical a.
physician n.
physicist n.
physics n.
pianist n.
piano n.
pick v.
picnic n. & v.


picture n.
pie n.
piece n.
pig n.
pile n.
pill n.
pillow n.
pilot n.
pin n. & v.
pine n.
pink a. & n.
pint n.
pioneer n.
pipe n.
pity n.
place n. & v.
plain a.
plan n. & v.
plane n.
planet n.
plant v. & n.
plastic a.
plate n.
platform n.
play v. & n.
playground n.
pleasant a.
please v.
pleased a.
pleasure n.
52

plenty n.
plot v. & n.
plug n.
plus v. & prep.
, P.M. PM n.
pork n.
porridge n.
port n.
portable a.
porter n.
pocket n.
poem n.
poet n.
point v. & n.
poison n.
poisonous a.
pole n.
police n.
policemanwoman
(pl policemen women)
policy n.
polish v.
polite a.
political a.
politician n.
politics n.
pollute v.
pollution n.
pond n.
pool n.
poor a.
pop = popular a.
popcorn n.
popular a.
population n.

n.
position n.
positive a.
possess v.
possession n.
possibility n.
possible a.
post
1
n.
post
2
v. & n.
postage n.
postcard n.
postcode n.
poster n.
postman (pl postmen) n.
postpone v.
pot n.
potato n.
potential a.
pound n.
pour v.
powder n.
power n.
powerful a.
practical a.
practice n. & v.
practise ( practice) v.
53

praise n. & v.
pray v.
prayer n.
precious a.
precise a.
predict v.
prefer v.
preference n.
pregnant a.
prejudice n.
premier n.
preparation n.
prepare v.
prescription n.
present
1
? a. & v.
present
2
n.
presentation n.
preserve v.
president n.
press n. & v.
pressure n.
pretend v.
pretty a.
prevent v.
preview v.
previous a.
price n.
pride n.
primary a.
primitive a.


principle n.
print v.
* priority n.
prison n.
prisoner n.
private a.
privilege n.
prize n.
probably ad.
problem n.
procedure n.
process n. & v.
produce v.
product n.
production n.
profession n.
professor n.
profit n.
programme ( program)
progress n. & v.
prohibit v.
project n.
promise n. & v.
promote v.
pronounce v.
pronunciation n.
proper a.
properly ad.
protect v.
protection n.
n.
54

proud a.
prove v.
provide v.
province n.
psychology n.
pub n.
public a. & n.
publish v.
pull v. & n.
pulse n.
pump v.
punctual a.
punctuation n.
punish v.
punishment n.
pupil n.
purchase v.
pure a.
purple n. & a.
purpose n.
purse n.
push n. & v.
put (put, put) v.
puzzle n.
pyramid n.

Q
quake n. & v.
qualification n.


quality n.
quantity n.
quarrel v. & n.
quarter n.
queen n.
question v. & n.
questionnaire n.
queue n. & v.
quick a. & ad.
quiet a.
quilt n.
quit v.
quite ad.
quiz n.

R
rabbit n.
race? v. & n.
racial a.
radiation n.
radio n.
radioactive a.
radium n.
rag n.
rail n.
railway n.
rain n. & v.
rainbow n.
raincoat n.
55

rainfall n.
rainy a.
raise v.
random a.
range n. & v.
rank n.
rapid a.
rare a.
rat n.
rate n. & v.
rather ad.
raw a.
ray n.
razor n.
reach v.
react v.
read (read, read) v.
reading n.
ready a.
real a.
reality n.
realise ( realize) v.
really ad.
reason v. & n.
reasonable a.
rebuild v.
receipt n.
receive v.
receiver n.
recent a.


reception n.
receptionist n.
recipe n.
recite v.
recognise ( recognize) v.
recommend v.
record n. & v.
recorder n.
recover v.
recreation n.
recycle v.
rectangle n. & a.
red n. & a.
reduce v.
refer v.
referee n.
reference n.
reflect v.
reform v. & n.
refresh v.
refrigerator n.
refuse v.
regard v. & n.
regardless a.
register n. & v.
regret n. & v.
regular a.
regulation n.
reject v.
relate v.
56

relation n.
relationship n.
relative n.
relax v.
relay n. & v.
* release n. & v.
relevant a.
reliable a.
relief n.
religion n.
religious a.
rely v.
remain v.
remark n.
remember v.
remind v.
remote a.
remove v.
rent n. & v.
repair n. & v.
repeat v.
replace v.
reply n. & v.
report n. & v.
reporter n.
represent v.
representative n.
republic n.
reputation n.
request n.


require v.
requirement n.
rescue v.
research n.
resemble v.
reservation n.
reserve n. & v.
resign v.
resist v.
respect v. & n.
respond v.
responsibility n.
rest n. & v.
restaurant n.
restriction n.
result n.
retell v.
retire v.
return v.
review v. & n.
revision n.
revolution n.
reward n.
rewind v.
rhyme n. & v.
rice n.
rich a.
rid v.
riddle n.
ridiculous a.
57

ride (rode, ridden) v. & n.
right n., a. & ad.
ring (rang, rung) v. & n.
rigid a.
ripe a.
ripen v.
rise (rose, risen) v.
risk n. & v.
river n.
road n.
roast v.
rob v.
robot n.
rock?n.
rocket n.
role n.
roll v. & n.
roof n.
room n.
rooster n.
root n.
rope n.
rose n.
rot v.
rough a.
round ad., prep. & a.
roundabout a. & n.
routine n.
row n. & v.
royal a.


rubber n.
rubbish n.
rude a.
rugby n.
ruin v. & n.
rule n. & v.
ruler n.
run (ran, run) v.
* rural a.
rush v.

S
sacred a.
sacrifice v.
sad a.
safe a.
safety n.
sail n. & v.
sailor n.
salad n.
salary n.
sale n.
salesmanwoman
(pl salesmenwomen)
salt n.
same n. & a.
sand n.
sandwich n.
satellite n.
n.
58

satisfaction n.
satisfy v.
saucer n.
sausage n.
save v.
say (said, said) v.
saying n.
scan v.
scar n.
scare v.
scarf n.
scene n.
scenery n.
sceptical a.
schedule n. & v.
scholar n.
scholarship n.
school n.
schoolbag n.
schoolmate n.
science n.
scientific a.
scientist n.
scissors n.
scold v.
score n. & v.
scratch v. & n.
scream n.
screen n.
sculpture n.


sea n.
seagull n.
seal n.
search n. & v.
seashell n.
seaside n.
season n.
seat n.
seaweed n.
second? n.
secret n. & a.
secretary n.
section n.
secure v. & a.
security n.
see (saw, seen) v.
seed n.
seek v.
seem v.
seize v.
seldom ad.
select v.
self n.
selfish a.
sell (sold, sold) v.
semicircle n.
send (sent, sent) v.
senior a. & n.
sense n.
sensitive a.
59

sentence n.
separate v. & a.
separation n.
serious a.
servant n.
serve v.
service n.
session n.
set (set, set) v. & n.
settle v.
settlement n.
settler n.
several a.
severe a.
sew (sewed, sewnsewed) v.
sex n.
shabby a.
shade n.
shadow n.
shake (shook, shaken) v.
shall (should) modal v.
shallow a.
shame n.
shape n. & v.
share v.
shark n.
sharp a.
sharpen v.
sharpener n.
shave (shaved, shaved shaven)


shaver n.
sheep (pl sheep) n.
sheet n.
shelf (pl shelves) n.
shelter n.
shine (shone, shone ) v.
ship n. & v.
shirt n.
shock v.
shoe n.
shoot (shot, shot) v. & n.
shop v. & n.
shopkeeper n.
shopping n.
shore n.
short a.
shortcoming n.
shortly ad.
shorts n.
shot n.
should modal v.
shoulder n.
shout n. & v.
show (showed, shownshowed) v.
shower n.
shrink (shrank, shrunk或shrunk,
shrunken) v.
shut (shut, shut) v.
shuttle n.
v. shy a.
& n.
60

sick a.
sickness n.
side n.
sideroad ( sidewalk) n.
sideway n.
sideways ad.
sigh v. & n.
sight n.
sightseeing n.
* sign n. & v.
signal n.
signature n.
significance n.
silence n.
silent a.
silk n.
silly a.
silver n.
similar a.
simple a.
simplify v.
since ad., conj. & prep.
sincerely ad.
sing (sang, sung) v.
single a.
sink (sank, sunk) v. & n.
sir n.
sister n.
sit (sat, sat) v.
situation n.


size n.
skate v.
skateboard n.
ski n. & v.
skill n.
skilful a.
skin n.
skip v.
skirt n.
sky n.
skyscraper n.
slave n.
slavery n.
sleep (slept, slept) n. & v.
sleepy a.
sleeve n.
slice n.
slide n. & v.
slight a.
slim a.
slip n.
slow ad.
small a.
smart a.
smell (smelt, smelt -ed,-ed) v.
smile n. & v.
smog n.
smoke n. & v.
smoker n.
smooth a.
& n.
61

snake n.
sneaker n.
sneeze v.
sniff v.
snow n. & v.
snowy a.
so ad. & conj.
soap n.
sob n. & v.
soccer n.
social a.
socialism n.
socialist a.
society n.
sock n.
socket n.
sofa n.
soft a.
software n.
soil n.
solar a.
soldier n.
solid a. & n.
* solution n.
* solve v.
some a. & pron.
somebody pron.
somehow ad.
someone pron.
something pron.


sometimes ad.
somewhere ad.
son n.
song n.
soon ad.
sorrow n.
sorry a.
sort v. & n.
soul n.
sound v. & n.
soup n.
sour a.
south a., ad. & n.
southeast n.
southern a.
southwest n.
souvenir n.
sow (sowed, sown -ed) v.
space n.
spaceship n.
spade n.
spare a.
sparrow n.
speak (spoke, spoken) v.
speaker n.
special a.
specialist n.
specific a.
speech n.
speed n. & v.
62

spell v.
spelling n.
spend (spent, spent) v.
stair n.
stamp n.
stand (stood, stood) v. & n.
spin v. & n.
spirit n.
spiritual a.
spit v.
splendid a.
split v.
spoken a.
spokesmanwoman
(pl spokesmenwomen) n.
sponsor n.
spoon n.
spoonful n.
sport n.
spot n. & v.
spray n. & v.
spread(spread, spread) v.
spring? n.
spy n. & v.
square n. & a.
squeeze n.
squirrel n.
stable a.
stadium n.
staff n.
stage n.
stain n.
stainless a.

standard n. & a.
star n.
stare v.
start v.
starvation n.
starve v.
state n.
station n.
statement n.
statesmanwoman
(pl statesmenwomen ) n.
statistics n.
statue n.
status n.
stay n. & v.
steady a.
steak n.
steal (stole, stolen) v.
steam n.
steel n.
steep a.
step n. & v.
steward n.
stewardess n.
stick (stuck, stuck) v. &
still a. & ad.
stocking n.
n.
63

stomach n. study v. & n.
stone n.
stop n. & v.
storage n.
store n. & v.
storm n.
story n.
stout a.
stove n.
straight a. & ad.
straightforward a. & ad.
strait n.
strange a.
stranger n.
* strategy n.
straw n.
strawberry n.
stream n.
street n.
strength n.
strengthen v.
stress n. & v.
strict a.
strike (struck, struck stricken)
string n.
strong a.
struggle v.
stubborn a.
student n.
studio n.

v. & n.
stupid a.
style n.
subject? n.
subjective a.
submit v.
subscribe v.
substitute v.
succeed v.
success n.
successful a.
such ad., pron.
suck v.
sudden a.
suffer v.
suffering n.
sugar n.
suggest v.
suggestion n.
suit v. & n.
suitable a.
suitcase n.
suite n.
summary n.
summer n.
sun n.
sunburnt a.
sunlight n.
sunny a.
sunshine n.
& a.
64

super a.
superb a.
superior a. & n.
supermarket n.
supper n.
supply v. & n.
support v. & n.
suppose v.
supreme a.
sure a. & ad.
surface n.
surgeon n.
surplus n.
surprise v. & n.
surround v.
surrounding a.
* survey n. & v.
survival n.
survive v.
suspect n.
suspension n.
swallow v.
swear (swore, sworn) v.
sweat n.
sweater n.
sweep (swept, swept) v.
sweet n. & a.
swift a.
swim (swam, swum) v.
swing v. & n.


switch v. & n.
sword n.
symbol n.
sympathy n.
symphony n.
symptom n.
system n.
systematic a.

T
table n.
table tennis n.
tablet n.
tail n.
tailor n.
take (took, taken) v.
tale n.
talent n.
talk n. & v.
tall a.
tank n.
tap n.
tape n.
target n. & v.
task n.
taste n. & v.
tasteless a.
tasty a.
tax n.
65

taxi n.
taxpayer n.
tea n.
teach (taught, taught) v.
terrify v.
terror n.
test v. & n.
text n.
teacher n.
team n.
teamwork n.
teapot n.
tear (tore, torn) v. &
tease v.
technical a.
technique n.
technology n.
teenager n.
telephone n. & v.
telescope n.
tell (told, told) v.
temperature n.
temple n.
temporary a.
tend v.
tendency n.
tennis n.
tense a.
tension n.
tent n.
tentative a.
term n.
terminal a. & n.
terrible a.

n.
textbook n.
than conj.
thank v. & n.
thankful a.
that a., pron., conj. &
the art.
theatre ( theater) n.
theft n.
theme n.
then ad.
theoretical a.
theory n.
there int., n. & ad.
therefore ad.
thermos n.
these a. & pron.
thick a.
thief (pl thieves) n.
thin a.
thing n.
think (thought, thought) v.
thinking n.
thirst n.
this a. & pron.
thorough a.
those a. & pron.
ad.
66

though conj.
thought n.
thread n.
* threat n.
thrill n. & v.
thriller n.
throat n.
through prep. & ad.
throughout prep.
throw (threw, thrown) v.
thunder n. & v.
thunderstorm n.
thus ad.
tick v.
ticket n.
tidy a. & v.
tie v. & n.
tiger n.
tight a.
till conj. & prep.
time n. & v.
timetable n.
tin n.
tiny a.
tip n. & v.
tire v.
tired a.
tiresome a.
tissue n.
title n.


to prep.
toast v. & n.
tobacco n.
today ad. & n.
together ad.
toilet n.
tolerate v.
tomato n.
tomb n.
tomorrow ad. & n.
ton n.
tongue n.
tonight ad. & n.
too ad.
tool n.
tooth (pl teeth) n.
toothache n.
toothbrush n.
toothpaste n.
top n.
topic n.
tortoise n.
total a., n. & v.
touch v.
tough a.
tour n.
tourism n.
tourist n.
tournament n.
toward(s) prep.
67

towel n.
tower n.
town n.
toy n.
track n.
tractor n.
trade n. & v.
tradition n.
traditional a.
traffic n.
train n. & v.
tram n.
transform v.
translate v.
translation n.
translator n.
transparent a.
transport n. & v.
trap n. & v.
travel n. & v.
treasure n.
treat v.
treatment n.
tree n.
tremble v.
trend n.
trial n.
triangle n. & ad.
trick n.
trip n.


trolleybus n.
troop n.
trouble v. & n.
troublesome a.
trousers n.
truck n.
true a.
truly ad.
trunk n.
trust v.
truth n.
try v.
T-shirt n.
tube n.
tune n.
turkey n.
turn v. & n.
turning n.
tutor n.
TV = television n.
twice ad.
twin n.
twist v. & n.
type v.
typewriter n.
typical a.
typhoon n.
typist n.
tyre ( tire) n.

68

U
ugly a.
umbrella n.
unless conj.
unlike prep.
unrest n.
until prep. & conj.
unable a.
unbearable a.
unbelievable a.
uncertain a.
uncle n.
uncomfortable a.
unconditional a.
unconscious a.
under ad. & prep.
underground a. & n.
underline v.
understand (understood, understood) v.
undertake(undertook, undertaken) v.
underwear n.
unemployment n.
unfair a.
unfit a.
unfortunate a.
uniform n.
union n.
unique a.
unit n.
unite v.
universal a.
universe n.
university n.

unusual a.
unwilling a.
up ad., a., n.
update v. & n.
upon prep.
upper a.
upset a.
upstairs ad.
upward(s) ad.
urban a.
urge v.
urgent a.
use n. & v.
used a.
useful a.
useless a.
user n.
usual a.

V
vacation n.
vacant a.
vague a.
vain n.
valid a.
& prep.
69

valley n.
valuable a.
value n.
variety n.
various a.
vase n.
vast a.
VCD=versatile compact disk
vegetable n.
vehicle n.
version n.
vertical a.
very ad.
vest n.
via prep.
vice n.
victim n.
victory n.
video n.
videophone n.
view n.
village n.
villager n.
vinegar n.
violate v.
violence n.
violent a.
violin n.
violinist n.
virtue n.

n.

virus n.
visa n.
visit n. & v.
visitor n.
visual a.
vital a.
vivid a.
vocabulary n.
voice n.
volcano n.
volleyball n.
voluntary a.
volunteer n. & v.
vote v.
voyage n.

W
wag v.
wage n.
waist n.
wait v.
waiter n.
waiting-room n.
waitress n.
wake (woke, woken) v.
walk n. & v.
wall n.
wallet n.
walnut n.
70

wander v.
want v.
war n.
ward n.
warehouse n.
warm a.
warmth n.
warn v.
wash n. & v.
washroom n.
waste n. & v.
watch v. & n.
water n. & v.
watermelon n.
wave n. & v.
wax n.
way n.
weak a.
wealth n.
wear (wore, worn) v.
weather n.
web n.
website n.
wedding n.
weed n.
week n.
weekday n.
weekend n.
weekly a.
weep v.


weigh v.
weight n.
welcome int., n., v. & a.
welfare n.
well ( better, best) ad., a. & int.
well? n.
west a., ad. & n.
western a.
westwards ad.
wet a.
whale n.
what pron. & a.
whatever conj. & pron.
wheat n.
wheel n.
when conj. & ad.
whenever conj.
where conj. & ad.
wherever conj.
whether conj.
which pron. & a.
whichever pron.
while conj. & n.
whisper v.
whistle n.
white a. & n.
who pron.
whole a.
whom pron.
whose pron.
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why ad. & int. wonder v. & n.
wide a.
widespread a.
widow n.
wife n.
wild a.
wildlife n.
will n.
will (would) modal v.
willing a.
win (won, won) n.
wind n.
wind (wound, wound) v.
window n.
wine n.
wing n.
winner n.
winter n.
wipe v.
wire n.
wisdom n.
wise a.
wish n. & v.
with prep.
withdraw v.
within prep.
without prep.
witness v. & n.
wolf （pl wolves） n.
woman ( pl women) n.

wonderful a.
wood n.
wool n.
word n.
work n. & v.
world n.
worldwide a.
worm n.
worn a.
worry n. & v.
worth a.
worthwhile a.
worthy a.
would modal v.
wound v. & n.
wrestle v.
wrinkle n.
wrist n.
write (wrote, written)
wrong a.

X

X-ray n.

Y
yard n.
yawn v.
v.
72

year n.
yell v.
yellow a.
yes ad.
yesterday n. & ad.
yet ad.
yogurt n.
young a.
youth n.
yummy a.

Z
zebra n.
zero n. & num.
zip v. & n.
zone n.
zoo n.



73