视听说英语教程4第一单元学习资料(参考文本)

2021年1月21日发(作者：英伦宝贝童话屋)
Unit 1

The Pursuit of Happiness

追求幸福

Background Information
背景信息

What is happiness?
什么是幸福？

Philosophers and religious thinkers often define happiness in terms of living a good life,
or flourishing, rather than simply as an emotion. Happiness in this sense was used to translate
the Greek Eudemonia, and is still used in virtue ethics. There has been a transition over time
from emphasis on the happiness of virtue to the virtue of happiness.
A
widely
discussed
political
value
expressed
in
the
United
States
Declaration
of
Inde
pendence of 1776, written by Thomas Jefferson, is the universal right to “the pursuit of
happiness.”

Happiness is a fuzzy concept and can mean many different things to many people. Part
of the challenge of a science of happiness is to identify different concepts of happiness, and
where applicable, split them into their components. Related concepts are well- being, quality
of
life
and
flourishing.
At
least
one
author
defines
happiness
as
contentment.
Some
commentators focus on the difference between the hedonistic tradition of seeking pleasant and
avoiding
unpleasant
experiences,
and
the
eudemonic
tradition
of
living
life
in
a
full
and
deeply satisfying way.
The
2012
World
Happiness
Report
stated
that
in
subjective
well-being
measures,
the
primary distinction is between cognitive life evaluations and emotional reports. Happiness is
used in both life evaluation, as in “How happy are you with your life as a whole?”, and in
emotional reports, as in “How happy are you now?”, and people seem able to
use happiness
as appropriate in these
verbal contexts. Using these measures, the World Happiness
Report
identifies the countries with the highest levels of happiness.

How to achieve happiness?
If
you’re
happy
it
makes
life
better
and
you
have
better
rela
tionships
with
people;
it
changes your outlook on life. Here are some tips for you:
Be optimistic. Be hopeful, cheerful and positive about something each day. Push aside
negative thoughts or feelings and focus on something that makes you smile. Always look on
the bright side and never give up hope in what you believe in.
Smile.
Smiling
will
make
you
feel
better
and
look
better,
instantly.
Notice
how
much
easier it is to breathe when you smile. Studies have shown that simply smiling boosts your
immune system. Smiling creates unity and a glance of a smile automatically softens the heart.
Listen to your favorite music. Music can cheer you up, help you relax and relieve stress.
It can also inspire and motivate you when you’re feeling low, or frustrated.

Stay close to uplifting friends and family. Spending time with positive, uplifting people
will make you feel happy and remind you how much you are loved and adored.
Be happy with yourself. Never change who you are for anybody; discover what you like
and dislike, what you believe in and what issues are of little importance to you to discover
who you really are, then be proud to be you and let it show. If people don’t
like you the way
you are, brush it off and embrace yourself. You are unique and special, enjoy the wonderful
things that make you stand out from the crowd.

Active Listening & Speaking I


Script

What Is Happiness?
In
the
last
6
months,
more
than
1,000
books
have
been
published
about
it.
Universities
around the world are teaching on it. For 30 years, scientists have been studying it. Governments
are appointing
cabinet
positions to oversee it. The United Nations named an official day after it.
Google analytics
prove people are searching for it. In fact, it’s one of
humanity
’s oldest
pursuits
.
HAPPINESS.
We’
re wealthier, more educated and live longer than any previous generation. And as a nation,
the
US
is
one
of
the
wealthiest,
most
powerful
and
technologically
advanced.
And
in
the
most
recent World Happiness Report, the United States ranked 17th. And during the Great Depression,
when there was little to be happy about, we were actually 18% less depressed than we are now.
We
have
been
taught
that
hard
work
equals
success
which
equals
happiness.
Right?
Ha,
wrong! Research proves happiness is actually a
precursor
to success, not the other way around.
Did you know? Neuroscience proves that we are hard-wired to perform in our best when we are
happy. Study show
that happy, positive, optimistic people earn higher incomes; set
and achieve
more aggressive goals; experience less stress; remain calm in high- pressure situations; are more
energetic;
recover
from
illness
faster
and
live
longer.
Happiness
is
serious
business.
When
we
engage
in
positive
real-life
relationships,
our
bodies
release
chemicals
that
actually
help
reduce
anxiety and increase concentration and focus. How you feel and your attitude toward life all stem
from your thoughts, actions and where you focus your time and energy.
Yet
we
are
constantly
surrounded
by
negativity.
If
we
want
things
to
change,
we
have
to
create the change and we start by choosing positivity and happiness. Just imagine the possibilities
if there were more happy and positive people in this world. A world with more peace, optimism
and compassion is possible like a pebble thrown into a pond. It only takes one to create the
ripple

of
happiness.
Happiness
is
so
contagious
and
infectious

that
one
positive
person
can
spread
happiness to more than 1,000 people. That means all it takes to create change on a local, regional,
state, country, global scale, is one person. And research shows that just by spreading happiness,
you actually become happier. You can choose happiness and choose to share it. You can be the
catalyst
to spread it directly and indirectly.
Are
you
that
one?
It
starts
with
you,
yet
it’s
bigger
than
you.
Happiness
is
bold.
It
is
courageous, audacious and challenging. You have the power to choose happiness and to spread it.
Join the movement, share the movement. Be the one who makes the difference and live happy.




Active Listening & Speaking II

Scripts
:
Gross National Happiness
This
is
the
fourth
Dragon
King
of
Bhutan,
a
beautiful
country
at
the
eastern
end
of
the
Himalayas.
He
became
king
at
the
age of
17
in 1972.
It
was
then
when
he
had
to decide
what
should be the philosophy behind his
reign
.
He
looked
at
other
countries
and
noticed
in
most
of
them,
the
government
and
the
people
strive for economical wealth. And those few who achieve this goal usually live a comfortable life.
But on the
downside
, many other people live in
misery, poverty or
social isolation. Also in the
ruthless

hunt

for money, huge parts of the environment are often destroyed. This couldn’t be the
right path for Bhutan.
The concept of Gross National Happiness was born. The primary idea of GNH is that every
human being aspires
for happiness and the country’s development should also be measured in its
citizens’ happiness. The fourth Dragon King’s challenge therefore was figuring out how to balance
economic
development
with
the
emotional
and
spiritual
well-being
of
his
people.
Although
economic growth can’t be the only goal, a
flourishing
economy gives the government the funds
needed to provide a working, health and educational system, as well as certain living standards.
Because
being
healthy,
having
opportunities
for
the
future
and
knowing
that
security,
a
steady
income, housing or well-balanced time use are guaranteed is crucial for people to be happy. But
furthermore,
people
get
a
lot
of
positive
energy
from
being
with
others
and
sharing
interests.
Participating in cultural life and to hold up local traditions and cultural
heritage
lead to a stronger