沉思录读后感-
英语专业考研（基础写作讲义）
第一部分：写作的基本类型
1.
各校真题
1.
As the saying goes, “The more elaborate our means of communication, the less
we communicate.” Do you agree
with it? Why or why not? Write an essay of no
leas than 200 words to comment on it.
(200 words
北航
2009)
2.
In
this
part
you
should
write
a
composition
of
no
less
than
200
words.
How
Should
College
Students Prepare for Life? (
北航
2008)
3.
In
this
part
you
should
write
a
composition
of
no
less
than
200
words.
You
should
argue
reasonably,
basing
your
argument
on
status
quo
and
your
background
knowledge. What do Examinations to
Children in China? (
北航
2007)
4.
Write a composition of no less than 300 words on the topic below: A Dream: to
Be a Civil Servant
(
南开大学
2009)
5.
Write a composition of about 500 words on the given topic below.
China’s
Environment Challenged by Rapid
Economic Growth.
（南开
2006
）
6.
Write
an
argumentative
essay
under
the
following
title,
or
designate
one
title
by yourself, but you have to use the
sentence as a proposition. You can rebut
it, or argue for it. But you have to
choose only one standpoint in arguing,
Cyber Love is unreliable.
7.
Please comment on the topic” Hope is One thing and Reality is Another.” In
the first part of your writing you
should present your thesis statement and
in
the
second
part
you
should
support
the
thesis
with
appropriate
details.
Your
thesis
statement could be in agreement or disagreement
with the topic. Marks
will
be
awarded
for
organization
as
well
as
for
syntactic
variety
and
appropriate word choice.
8.
How should college students prepare for life?(200 words,
北航
2008)
9.
You are required to write an article in English with the topic of “All that
Glitters is not Gold” Your writing
should contain a minimum of 300
words.(人
大
2006
年
)
10.
Write an essay of 300 words to state your own opinion on the following topic.
Give examples, either your
personal observations and experiences or simply
things
you
have
read
that
would
back
up
your
view.
Your
writing
will
be
assessed
for language, content,
organization and length. “Are Interpersonal Skills
Important to Your
Future Development?”(对外经贸大学
2009)
11.
Read the following topic. Write on your answer sheet a composition of about
200
words.
Be
sure
to
provide
a
title
for
your
composition
and
write
in
paragraphs.
Topic: The government of your country has announced that it has enough money
to
start one of the two programs: space exploration
or food and clothing for the
unemployed. Which do you think the government should spend lots of money on?
12.
The
government
of
your
country
has announced
that
it
has
enough
money
to
start
one
of
the
two
programs:
space
exploration
or
food
and
clothing
for
the
unemployed.
Which
do
you
think
the
government
should
spend
lots
of
money
on?(200
words,
二外
2008)
13.
What do examinations mean to children in China(200 words
北航
2007)
14.
My understanding of love(200 words
二外
2007)
15.
Pleasure of learning.(200 words,
北航
2006)
16.
Advantages and disadvantages of cell phone.(200 words,
二外
)
17.
All that glitters is not gold(300 words,
人大
2006)
18.
In what way has the Internet changed people’s life?（二外
2005,200 words
）
19.
My view on a balanced personal development(
北航
2005
，
200 words)
2.
基本策略
策略
1:
There’s solid reasons for the remark that
点题
首段：观点态度
次段：原因
/
举例
:
Clearly,
as
I
can
see
it,
主题句
.
One
reason
is
that
by
doing
so,
it
is
possible
for
us to
延伸
and
延伸
.
The
other
reason
is that
we
are
more
likely
to
延伸
and
延伸
. So it is safe to say that
呼应
.
三段：让步比较：
Some people might point out that
延伸，
hence the conclusion that
延伸
. Even
such
possibility
exists,
it
doesn
’t
run
counter
to
the
statement
that
第二段观点，
末段：
To sum up, despite the fact that
第三段内容，there’s sound reasons for the
statement
that
点题
.
策略
2
：既不支持、也不反对
首段：
To clarify whether we should
点题，
one is supposed to take two factors into
consideration.
次段：原因举例：
Clearly, as I can see it,
主题句
. One reason is that by doing so,
it
is
possible
for
us to
延伸
and
延伸
.
The
other
reason
is that
we
are
more
likely
to
延伸
and
延伸
. So it is safe to say that
呼应
三段：
平衡比较：
Despite
the
statement
that
总结第二段，
there’re
two
things
to
note.
One is that
延伸，
the other is that
延伸
. Some readers might think that they are
exceptions, but they do
exist in our society, and it is important for us
to give
each of them equal weight.
末段：
To sum up, despite the fact that
第三段内容，
it is also important that
第
二段内容
.
策略
3
：最为保守的开篇方式
首段：
Recently, there emerged a heated discussion in regard to+
点题
. Some people
insist
that
正方观点
,
while
some
other
people
hold
the
opposite
view,
claiming
that
反方观点
.
自己的观点（选择
1
：
By comparison, I tend to support the former/latter
point of view.
选择
2
：
In my view, both of them contain an element of truth.
）
次段：原因举例：
Clearly, as I can see it,
主题句
. One reason is that by doing so,
it is possible for us
to
延伸
. The other reason is that we are more likely to
延
伸
. So it is safe to say that
呼应
:
三段：平衡比较：选择
1
：
Some
people
might
point
out
that
延伸，
hence
the
conclusion
that
延伸. Even
such
possibility
exists,
it
doesn’t
run
counter
to
the
statement
that
第二段观点
.
选择
2
：
Despite
the
statement
that
总结第二段，
there’re
two
things
to note. One is that
延伸，
the other is that
延伸
. Some readers might think that
they are exceptions, but they do
exist in our society, and it is important for us
to give each of them equal weight.
末段：
选择
1
：
末段：
< p>Tosum
up,
despite
the
fact
that
第三段内容，
there’s
sound
reasons
for the
statement that
点题
.
选择
2
：末段：
To sum up, despite the fact that
第三
段内容，
it is also important that
第二段内容
.
第二部分：首段写作要领
1.
开头段落的核心内容：主题是什么？态度是什么？
开头方法（
1
）蛤蟆功
1) There is a sound reason for agreeing
with the statement that
点题
2) There exist solid reasons for the
statement that
点题
3)
There’re various(many/different/several/a number
of) factors for the remark
that
点题
4)
There’re several reasons for my statement that
点题
开头方法（
2
）左右开弓
1)
To
simplify
the
statement
that
点
题
,
one
has
to
take
two
factors
into
consideration.
2) To clarify
the remark that
点题，
one has to take to elements into account.
3) Two factors
have to be considered, if one wants to clarify the
remark that
点题
.
4) Two
elements have to be taken into account, if one
simplifies the statement
点题
.
5) Whether we should
点题
? To reduce it to essentials, we are supposed to take two
aspects be taken into account.
6) Should we
点题？
To simplify it, we have to take two things into consideration
and give each of them due
weight.
开头方法（
3
）柔云剑
When it comes to the relationship
between ? and ?, we can say +重要
hence the
idea that+
题目，
there are several reasons for such a statement as following.
开头方法（
4
）太极
Traditionally,
some
researchers
claim
that
重要，
In
fact,
也重要，
although
we
seldom
have a chance to check it out.
开头方法（
5
）王语嫣
In the 1980s, there was been heated
discussion as to whether
点题，
But recently,
such a disc
ussion seems to rage on. In my view, ?很重要
开头方法（
6
）嫣语王
?很重要，
because it is a heated discussion since the 1980s, and it seems to rage
on only recently.
开头方法（
7
）君子剑
I don’t mean to be pretentious and
rebellious. But for the time being, you will
find that
点题
, so time has come that
点题。
开头方法（
8
）抬杠
The moment one asked such a question,
he seems to simplify a rather complicated
issue.
But
such
an
endeavor(attempt)
turns
out
to
be
a
bit
difficult:
in
accordance
with a combination of latest statistics
from The
CAS
，问题的一个方面，问题的另
一个方面
is also on a dramatic rise. If the prediction that children can depend on
television and
computer games for valuable information is valid,
then why the
readership of magazines,
newspapers and books doesn’t decrease?
开头方法（
9
）强买强卖
点题. I don’t mean
to preach my point, but what I tend to focus below does exist
in today’s world, granted the fact that
you probably remain unconvinced by my
discussion below, it does happen in our
society.
开头方法（
10
）裘千尺
There
lie
certain
considerations
that
everyone
takes
into
account
in
a
relationship
between A
and B. While
事物的一个方面，
everyone would more or less wish that
事
物的另一个方面
. Putting them in an order according to their importance, however,
can be very objective and
relative.
方法（
11
）疑问：
Should children learn realistic,
helpful, beneficial or practical information by
watching
television
or
playing
computer
games?
Some
educational
researchers
believe
that such children can
learn quickly through such electric devices,
emphasizing
it the most efficient mode
of learning. However, they fail to realize that
what
the children learn from
television, video or computer games is nothing
more than
a part of their life.
Therefore I always shed doubt toward such a
notion.
方法（
12
）讲故事：小孩是否应该早 学外语（三一律：时间地点人称三统一）
Yesterday
evening, when I was shopping in a store I saw a
little boy no more than
10
years
old
chatting
with
an
American.
His
mother
was
standing
aside
and
smiling,
reminding
him
of
his
vocabulary
from
time
to
time.
This
sort
of
child
who
is
learning
a foreign
language at an early age is not a rare case now.
方法（
13
）装蒜
凡事都有复杂性：
The
issue
of
whether
children
can
learn
valuable
information
through
watching television or playing computer
games is rather complex. In my view, the
final
conclusion
must
be
based
on
a
case-by-case
analysis
of
several
crucial
factors.
(
换写
Whether
children
should
watch
TV or
play
computer
games? Such
an
issue tends
to be a bit complicated. Presumably,
the final judgment hinges on a combination
of three essential elements.)
方法（
14
）装大头蒜
Will children learn helpful, realistic
and beneficial information by watching
television
or
playing
computer
games?
The
moment
one
asks
such
a
question,
he
seems
to simplify a rather complicated issue.
But such an endeavor(attempt) turns out
to be a bit difficult: in accordance
with a combination of latest statistics from
The Institute of Science of China, (the
CAS/Beijing Statistics Company) while
children
increasingly
rely
on
television,
video
or
computer
games
for
their
information,
the
readership
of
newspapers,
magazines
and
books
is
also
on
a
dramatic
rise. If the prediction that children
can depend on television and computer games
for
valuable
information
is
valid,
then
why
the
readership
of
magazines,
newspapers
and
bo
oks doesn’t decrease? It follows that several contributing factors have to
be
weighed
and
considered
before
one
clarifies
such
a
puzzling
and
complex
phenomenon.
方法（
15
）拽
（时代特征）
Our era is a
retrospective one, in which technology grants a
wide choice of
opportunities
to
improve
every
aspect
of
our
lives,
ranging
from
philosophy,
science,
(
引向主题
)
religion ,art to
education.
One of the impacts is that it has transformed
(
论述主题
)
traditional
learning
pattern.
Now we
can
obtain
an
opportunity
to
learn
both
from
books
and
from
experience.
But
the
ideal
pattern
of
learning,
which
I
strongly
recommend to the
learners, is to learn from experience.
第三部分：末段写法
方
法
（
1
）
：
In
summary,
in
spite
of
the
comment
that
第
< p>三段
内
容
，
I
strongly
agree(disagree) with
the view that ?.
/To sum up, despite the statement that
第
三段内容
, I would like to reemphasize my conclusion that
主题
./By and large,
although
第三段内容，主题
./To cap it off,
主题
, even though
第三段内容
方法（
2
）
In summary, in spite of the fact that
第三段内容，
it is also likely that
第二段内容
. Both of them are contributing factors before a proper conclusion is
reached. Such a statement
is conservative, but it is realistic and
persuasive./To
sum
up,
it
is
likely
that
第三段内容，
despite
the
fact
that
第二段内容，
Both
of
them
have to be taken
into account./To cap it off, in spite of the
possibility that
第三段内容，
it is also the fact that
第二段内容, without former, we cannot?. But
without latter, we
cannot?
Both of them have to be given equal weight.
方法（
3
）
Under scrutiny, it is not surprising to note that the issue is more
complicated that what is
stated in the remark. The overstatement of either
of the
two aspects would be hasty,
arbitrary and misleading. Both of them are
regarded
as contributing factors in
one’s pursuit of success.
方法（
4
）In
conclusion,
?.总结第二段
,
while
总结第三段
.
Skillfully
combining
the
two factors would be more reasonable,
realistic and persuasive.
方法（
5
）In
short,
I
believe
that
?.is
important
for
one’s
career.
But
good
luck
also
has
its
part
in
drawing
the
final
conclusion.
Such
a
point
seems
conservative,
but it is realistic.
方法（
6
）
To sum up, before we decide which is more decisive in such an issue, we
must first of all take each
element into consideration and then give each of
them
due weight. After all, there is no
sweeping conclusion in many issues, and the
relationship between hard work and good
luck best shows such an observation.
(push
方法
(7)
It
is
important
to
take
concrete
measures
to put
this
situation on
hold
forward this
situation)
For one thing, the central
authority is expected to make rules or
(make plans with regard to/set aside
sufficient annual budget/cooperate internationally
in solving
regulation
in
regard
to
+
名词
problems/cooperate
regionally in promoting a situation)
For
another
thing,
the
和
media
is
supposed
to
step
(the
potential
harm
of
something)
up
efforts
by
publicizing
the
importance
of
Still,
a
supporting,
monitoring
or
feedback
mechanism
must
be
built
up
without
delay
in
order
to
prevent
the disturbing
situation from worsening off. In this way, our
society can keep a
sustainable
development and our citizens can lead a healthy
life.
方法（
8
）
While you may remain unconvinced on my discussion, the analysis I have
offered
so
far
should
at
least
make
you
aware
of
the
complexity
of
the
issue.
After
all, there
are several other aspects relevant to the issue
under discussion, but
I have no time to
explore in detail. I intend to encompass a variety
of subjects
ranging
from
economics
to
social
awareness
to
personal
values
to
cultural
identity,
all of which are
deeply rooted in a given community. Therefore, it
is difficult,
I
presume,
to
include
all
such
divergent elements
in an
essay
of merely
300
words.
第四部分：第二段和第三段策略
1.
?is not only necessary, but also indispensable.
2.
Nothing is more important than ?
3.
? is central of all things.
4.
?really matters
5.
?plays a key role in?；
6.
..plays a crucial role in?;
7.
Nothing can be compared wit
h?
8.
Nothing can be equaled with?
9.
?remains to be an integral part in our society
10.
The central position of ? cannot be ignored.
11.
The
central
position
of
?
was
largely
overlooked
until the
1980s,
but
nowadays,
as the pace of life is quickening, ? is
not only ne
cessary, but indispensable
as well.
12.
?. is not only harmful, but also damaging.
13.
Nothing is more harmful and damaging than?
14.
? is in large measure detrimental.
15.
The
aftermath
of
the
above
issue,
if
true,
turns
out
to
be
damaging
and
destructive.
16.
The action and attitude will, in large measure, exert negative effects.
17.
?threatens to do more harm than good.
18.
?have posed tremendous threat to ?
19.
Their
attempts
and
attitude
will
probably
bring
about
certain
negative
aftermath.
20.
Their
action
has
already
produced
disturbing
effects
on
the
sustainable
development of?
21.
Their attempts will probably exert negative effects on the development of?
22.
Their actions and attitude have already brought forth negative influences to ?
23.
Their actions, if strenuous, will probably lead to disturbing aftermath.
24.
Such attempts will ultimately give rise to a host of problems.
25.
The influence of ? is obviously far
-reaching and substantial.
26.
The disadvantages overshadow the benefits.
27.
Te side-effects outweigh the benefits.
28.
The benefits seem to be pale compared with the problems.
29.
The benefits are dwarfed by the problems.
30.
The disadvantages cannot be weighed against the benefits.
31.
The benefits are in large measure canceled out by the problems.
32.
so we have to give priority to its importance(threat)
33.
so we are supposed to
put ?priority over?
34.
so it is essential that we attach attention to its importance(threat)
35.
so it is important for us to put emphasis on its importance(threat)
36.
so it is time that we emphasized its importance(threat)
37.
so its fundamental role (potential harm) has to be stressed
38.
so
there’s necessity that we
lay stress on its central role(potential harm)
39.
so we should highlight its importance(its threat)
40.
earn
handsome
salary,
find
good-paying
jobs,
obtain
a
well-paid
position,
purchase
some
necessities
such
as
food
and
clothes.
purchase
some
necessities
such
as
food
and
clothes,
be
well-fed
and
well-
clothed,
afford
one’s
living
cost,
cover
one’s
living
expenses; stand on one’s feet, become
self
-sufficient, improve their
living standards, live an easy life
41.
It takes up much (little) time; occupy much (little) time; It can make the most
of
one’s
time;
It
wastes
large
amount
of
time
that
should
have
been
spent
on
their
study;
fritters
away
time;
idles
away
one’s
time;
It
is
a
waste
of
time
and
money.
42.
When
they
do
begin
to
work,
they
have
a
hard
time
finishing
their
assignment;
they
are
hard
pressed
to
finish
their
homework,
become
increasingly
distracted
and
less
motivated,
43.
They gradually lose their interest in learning. Such activity leads to poor
academic performance. Then things go
from bad to worse and in the end, poor test
grades will ensue.
44.
Their everyday life goes upside down, their sleep lost and their food uneaten.
Their normal life is totally
reversed, along with some sub-healthy symptoms
ranging from insomnia to vertigo.
45.
They are avoiding their duties; they are escaping their responsibilities; they
seldom shoulder
the responsibility emerging from their attempts;
seldom do they
claim
the
responsibility;
they
are
attempting
to
shift
their
duty
to
other
people;
46.
fall
to
slaves
of
money;
trade
honor
for
profit;
sell
honor
for
money,
break
rules
or regulations, risk one’s lives for
money
47.
keep
social
order;
uphold
social justice;
help
the
poor
and
the
homeless;
expose
social
evils;
crack
down
crime;
protect
the
citizens,
serve
people
with
heart
and
soul, do their
parts in establishing a harmonious society
48.
send
and
receive
E-mails,
chat
with
each
other
by
means
of
Internet,
obtain
a
wealth
of
up-to-date information from the World Wide Web.
49.
With
MSN,
we
can
shrink
the
distance,
remove
the
barrier
and
speed
up
communication
among
individuals,
improve
mutual
trust,
enlarge
the
friend
circle,
extend
information sources.
50.
Though most people will never meet the leader of a country, travel to the moon,
or participate in a war, they
can observe these experiences through the images
on their television.
51.
There is always a rich selection of goods in a shopping mall.
52.
rent an apartment near a bus route or a subway station
53.
The traffic is usually light. Traffic jams seldom break out.
54.
A cinema is nothing more than two streets away from home. A cyber-bar is only
five-minute walk. An Italian
restaurant is only a ten-minute drive.
55.
A city is well- equipped with schools, post offices and medical centers, thus
facilitate the everyday
life of citizens.
56.
feel
overtired,
seldom
concentrate
on
their
driving
behaviors,
come
off
the
track
and
collide with other vehicles
57.
stuck at an intersection, damage the vehicle of his own and put other people’s
lives in danger
58.
plunge into a totally strange environment, be overcharged at an on-line shop,
59.
become a target of financial fraud, leak their personal information, put their
wealth into danger.
60.
People must watch out for robbery and traffic accidents, while they are likely to become
targets of deception
and financial fraud.
61.
Sometimes some hackers break into our computers or steal our passwords. Sometimes
when you order goods from a website,
you often find that the delivered products don’t
meet up your requirements (the
delivered goods are not up to your standards).
Worse
still,
you
soon
find
that
it
is
barely
possible
for
you
to
cancel
your
order,
reject
the
products,
ask
for
full
amount
of
refund
or
lodge
a
complaint
to
the
Consumers
Association.
62.
It
broadens
one’s
horizon.
It
can
expand one’s mental horizons;
it
can
broaden
one’s views;
expand one’s outlook.
63.
It is a sort entertainment that relieves one’s pressure and boredom, extend
knowledge, enrich working experience,
64.
You can get away from daily grind, calm your nerve, avoid spirit sink, bring new
friends together and restore
your soul.
65.
Many other options are available. For example, people visit an amusement park;
they can jog,
swim or even dirt biking; dinners, parties or
excursions can bring
people together,
promoting mutual understanding.
66.
satisfy
one’s
vanity;
show
off
one’s
brand
names;
squander
wealth,
keep
up
with
Joneses, demonstrate one’s vigor,
wisdom and talents; lack in artistic values,
reveal their spiritual wasteland
67.
In a less rigid manner, it can enhance people’s underst
anding on a subject,
improve
people’s
learning
capacity
and
skills,
or
create
a
vigorous
atmosphere.
68.
live a normal life to avoid over- exhaustion, insomnia and headache
69.
People
can
keep
fit
physically
and
mentally.
By
swimming,
jog
or
playing
basketball,
people
can
prevent
various
kinds
of
diseases
such
as
heart
attacks,
hypertension,
pneumonia,
diabetes
or
obesity.
Improve
the
immune
systems,
strengthen
the
physical health
70.
Some
sub- healthy
symptoms
may
occur,
from
headache
to
insomnia
to
vertigo,
in
some
dangerous
situation, sudden death.
71.
It can relieve people’s pressure, anxiety, depression, stress, isolation and
solitude;
preserve
their
physical
health,
extend
their
life
span.
have
a
long
and
happy
retirement
72.
provide
food,
clothes
and
money
to
the
people
some
disaster
regions;
donate
one’s
blood to a
dying patient; financially support a child to
further his education.
73.
Other people can obtain material support, mental comfort, or spiritual backup.
be
rescued from hazard, overcome conditions, become
optimistic
74.
acquire
theoretical
knowledge,
foster(improve)
independent
and
critical
thinking,
cultivate(strengthen) our
analyzing
skills
and
problem
solving
abilities,
boost
problem
solving
abilities,
improve
communication
and
social
skills,
learn
practical
skills, obtain practical and professional
knowledge
75.
improve
career
prospects,
share
responsibility
and
become
one
of
the
most
contributing members in a team, work
hard(together)and stick to a goal, read
extensively, accumulate(build up)
working experience, draw on experience from
other people. think logically,
creatively and independently, be admitted to a
college(go to college/be educated at
college), earn handsome salary, obtain a
well-paid position, become qualified
employees, become competitive in the job
market, obtain a well-paid position
76.
They can draw on experience from you; they can improve their skills, obtain more
opportunities, and
further their cause.
77.
They
acquire
knowledge,
skills
and
attitudes
that
will
enable
him
to
improve
status
quo and fit into society.
78.
cultivate
the
spirit
of
competition
and
sense
of
commitment;
they
can
accumulate
wealth, fit into
society, and attain social status; they can
become confident,
courageous, or
optimistic.
79.
People
can
live
out
the
spirit
of
exploration,
innovation,
adventure
and
creation;
you
have
to
start
from
very
beginning;
you
seldom
reflect
on
the
meaning
of
life,
rather, you
always set a goal and achieve it; you always have
a strong will to
seek, to strive, to
find, but not to yield; nothing can cheat you out
of your
ultimate success, keep grace
under pressure, overcome conditions and miseries.
80.
seek
instant
wealth
and
quick
success,
they
break
the
rules
or
regulations,
spread
misleading
information,
give
empty
promise,
put
less
emphasis
on
the
intellectual
property
81.
With
such
misconducts,
they
drive
up
the
price,
but
seldom
pay
the
least
attention
to
the
quality
of
goods.
Consumers
spend
more
money
for
some
lemon
goods.
Eventually, the market is
brought into disorder.
82.
For more profit, some people would probably become dishonest and greedy. Their
desire for wealth misleads them to
attempt something illegal or
immoral.
83.
Empty
promises,
deception
and
illegal
conducts
maximum
the
profits
of
the
producers,
but
such
attempts
extort
money
from
innocent
guests.
So
these
attempts
harm the interest of consumers.
84.
Once
consumers
are
deceived,
they
will
certainly
resist
your
products.
In
the
long
run, the reputation of your
products will be ruined, your
r
evenue
will
decrease and you will lose more money.
85.
It
can
sometimes
intensify
conflicts
between
costumers
and
producers,
put
harmonious
relationship in danger, and the gap between them
is hard to bridge.
86.
It is an integral part in the strategy of a country. It is a trend that
no
one
can reverse. Such attempts run counter to the tradition, convention and
common
sense.
87.
pool various resources; adjust industrial structure; control land supply
88.
control tax policy; meet the potential need of many consumers; bring a country
into
a connection with the international conventions;
upgrade
s
cientific
technology;
89.
brings more tax(income/revenue)to a country
；
expand production
；
boost
s
ales
；
offer better
after-sale services
90.
provide many job opportunities; increase the income of citizens; symbolize the
national strength
91.
It
is
a
trend
that
no
one
can
reverse.
It
runs
counter
to
the
traditions,
conventions and
common sense. It symbolizes a spirit of
competition. It stands
for a spirit of
exploration.
92.
It can be regarded as a symbol of national strength. It shows that a country can
dare challenges, overcome seemingly
insurmountable difficulties and practice
self-improvement.
It
provides
an
incentive
to
the
scientific
progress
and
industrial
reorganization.
93.
It
can
minimize
inflation,
economic
stagnation,
economic
recession,
unemployment
rate.
94.
It can maintain social order and reduce crime rate. It can revolutionize the
scientific
level
of
a
country,
means
of
communication
and
quality
of
life. It means that the
federal
government
can
allocate
more
funds
to
the
construction of
infrastructure ranging from
kinder
gardens,
hospitals,
medical centers, museums, school
libraries, el trains to
highways
and express ways.
95.
It
is
regarded
as
the
sum
total
of
wisdom
belonging
to
a
particular
ethnic
group.
96.
It
can
stand
for
a
trail
of
civilization;
it
represents
an
element
of
traditional
heritage;
it speaks for a magic blend of traditional
elements
and
modern
trend.
97.
witness the creativity and wisdom of the ancient people, boast itself of great
values, win the best regard from people
around the world
98.
It
can
promote
mutual
understanding
between
people;
it
can
enhance
friendly
ties
and give
this world harmony, peace and integrity. It can
serve as the catalyst
to the economic
growth and cultural development. It can help
people
treat
the world with
benevolence, confidence, and tolerance.
99.
litter leftovers, bottles
，
plastic bags, pollute water, cause the death of
many
fishes,
make
streets
smelly,
with
choking
air,
affect
the
living
surroundings
of many
citizens
，
destroy the natural beauty of some famous
landscapes,
be
isolated from bright sunshine, clean
water and fresh air.
100.
drive
private
cars
to
increase
carbon
emission.(take
public
transport
to
reduce
carbon emission)
101.
hunt
wild
animals(clear
cut
forests
over-exploit
the
natural
resources)
for
economic
return
，
destroy
the
habitat
of
many
wild
animals
，
lead
to
the extinction of some rare species
102.
build
up
factories
and
cause
smog,
acid
rain,
global
warming
，
emit
pollutants such
as
monoxide,
carbon
dioxide,
sulfur
builds
up
into
the
atmosphere(air)
and cause greenhouse effects.
103.
changes
climate
patterns,
affect
crop
growth
and
disrupts
wildlife
distributions, and leads to the extinction of wild species.
104.
drain
industrial
sewage
into
rivers
and lakes,
pollutes
water,
and
cause the
death of fishes and other aquatic species.
105.
Their attempts will proba
bly exert negative effects on the development of?
106.
Their actions and attitude have already brought forth negative influences
to ?
107.
Their actions, if strenuous, will probably lead to disturbing aftermath.
108.
Such attempts will ultimately give rise to a host of problems.
109.
The influence of ? is obviously far
-reaching and substantial.
110.
The disadvantages overshadow the benefits.
111.
Te side-effects outweigh the benefits.
112.
The benefits seem to be pale compared with the problems.
113.
The benefits are dwarfed by the problems.
114.
The disadvantages cannot be weighed against the benefits.
第六部分：范文
1. Will
modern elaborate ways lessen our
communication?(200 words
北航
2009) (
写
法：原因分析
)
There is a sound reason for agreeing with the statement that modern elaborate
ways will not lessen our communication.
Obviously, various kinds of electric devices, ranging from cell phones to MSN
to Internet, tremendously facilitate
people
’
s communication. And they play such
a crucial role in our
everyday life that their function cannot be
ignored in our
society. For one thing,
with cell phones, it is possible for us to improve
the
communication between parents and
their children. For another thing, with MSN, we
are
more
likely
to
enlarge
our
friend
circle:
even
strangers
can
share
their
interest
or exchange their views
in the form of written text, thus greatly
shrinking their
distance and removing
the barrier between them. Furthermore, with the
emergence
of Internet, our means of
communication greatly extend: although seldom have
we
an
opportunity
to
meet
a
national
leader,
we
can
still
observe
such
experience
from
photos from Internet. To
sum up, modern means of communication have become
an
integral
part
in
our
everyday
life,
and
therefore
their
importance
in
our
communication
cannot be overlooked.
Some
people
might
point
out
that
if
citizens
stick
to
their
cell
phones
or
MSN,
they don’t have
enough time to stay with their friends, parents or
colleagues,
hence the
possibility that modern elaborate ways will lessen
our communication.
Even
such
possibility
exists,
it
doesn’t
run
counter
to
the
statement
that
modern
elaborate ways will not
lessen our communication: if we are planning a
dinner or
a
weekend
party,
the
most
convenient
way
is
to
call
our
friends
with
our
cell
phone
or
through MSN. In this situation, modern devices do
improve our communication,
though
indirectly, but not vice versa.
In
summary,
in
spite
of
some
comment
that
modern
elaborate
ways
can
lessen
our
communication,
I strongly
support
the
view
that
modern
communication
devices
are,
青春日记-
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描写春夏秋冬的诗句-
我们为什么要学习-
标点符号的使用-
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美丽的妈妈-
法西斯战争-
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