-
北京外国语大学
2014
年硕士研究生入学考试试题
招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础
(
3
小时，满分
150
分，全部写在答 题纸上，答在试题页上无效）
I.
Translate
the
following
terms
into
< p>Chinese(15
points
,
1
point
each
):
1.
UNDP
-
2.
OECD
countri es
3.
bailout
loans
< p>4.
EBITA
5.
ventur e
capital
6.
telepresence
7.
carbon
footprint
8.
forensic
medicine
9.
key
encryption
technology
10.
United
Arab
Emirates
11.
extradition
treaty
< p>12.
seismic
monitoring
13.
procrastination
14.
fli p
phone
15.
Mack
D addy
'
II.
Translate
the
following
terms
into< /p>
English
(15
points
,
1
point
each
):
1.
大部制
2.
石油输出国组织
3
.
生物圈
4.
涨停板
5
.
浮动汇率
6.
计划免疫
7.
学生减负
8.
通识教育
< br>9.
B
超
10.
自媒体<
/p>
11.
土地承载能力
12.
小产权 房
13.
土豪
14.
胶 原蛋白
15.
经济适用男
III.
Translate
the
following
passage s
into
Chinese
(60
points)
1.
Never
before
had
the
world
such
a
trem endous
scientific-technical
potential,
such
a
capacity
to
generate
wealth
and
well-bei ng.
Authentic
technological
wond ers
that
have
made
any
place
in
the
world
to
be
always
close
with
regard
to
distances
and
< p>communications
have
not
be en
capable
of
bringing
wel l-being
for
everybody,
but
only
for
a
meager
15%
living
in
the
countries
of
the
North.
The
aby sm
between
North
and
S
outh
is
now
so
huge,
that
the
unsustainability
of
the
current
economic
order
and
the
blindness
of
the
people
who
try
to< /p>
justify
continuing
to
enjo y
opulence
and
waste,
are
evident.
The
great
possibilities
that
a
globalizat ion
of
solidarity
and
true
cooperation
could
bring
to
all
people
in
the
world
through
the
scientific -technical
wonders,
have
bee
n
reduced
by
the
neo-liber al
model
to
this
grotesque
caricature
full
of
exploi tation
and
social
injustice.
We
were
asked
to
be
ultraliberal
in
trade
and
to
lift
any
barrier,
< p>which
may
obstruct
the
imports
coming
from
the
North,
but
the
oral
champ ions
of
free
trade
act ually
are
the
champions
in
the
praxis
of
protectioni sm.
The
North
spends
one
billion
dollars
a
day
in
practicing
what
has
< p>beenbanned
from
doing,
that
is,
subsidizing
ineffic ient
products.
Today,
vis-a-vis< /p>
the
obvious
failure
of
neoliberalism
and
the
gre at
threat
that
the
Interna tional
Economic
Order
represents
for
the
South,
it
is
necessary
to
retake
the
Spirit
of
the
South
by
forming
an
alliance
among
ourselves.
2.
Aft er
months
of
speculation,
the
final
22,000-character
overv iew
of
China’
s
“
th ird
plenum”
was
published
on
November
15th.
In
t he
economic
sphere
the
doc ument
turned
out
to
be
bolder
than
the
initial
summary
suggested,
but
the< /p>
document’s
interest
lies
< br>not
just
in
the
economi c
reforms,
which
were
anti cipated.
More
striking
were
< p>someof
the
social
c hanges
the
document
announced,
such
as
the
relaxation
< p>ofthe
one-child
policy.
A
couple
in
which
one
parent
is
an
only
c hild
will
be
allowed
to
have
two
children,
and
the
policy
is
likely
to
be
loosened
even
furthe r.
In
another
widely
w
elcomed
move,
labour
camps
are
to
be
abolished.
But
possibly
the
most
impo rtant
announcements
were
buried< /p>
deep
in
the
document
and
grabbed
fewer
headlines .
Two
moves
in
particular,
namely
allowing
the
devel opment
of
“
social
org anisations
”
or
NGOs
in
essence
and
the
separation
of
judicial
jurisdiction
from
administrative
ar eas,
showed
that
the
party
is
sensitive
to
the
ferment
in
Chinese
society< /p>
and
the
demands
for
greater
liberty
and
accounta
bility
that
accompany
it.
That
these
two
gestures
to wards
reform
were
mentioned<
/p>
at
all
is
encouraging,
and
the
world
is
keen
to
know*
whether
Chinese
leadership
will
honor
th eir
words
in
the
plenary
document
that
they
u
dare
to
gnaw
through
even
tough
bones,
dare
to
ford
dangerous
rapids,
break
through
the
fetters
of
ideological
concepts
with
even
greater
resolution.
1.
近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各
种创新要素
的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转
移转化、
创新创业、科技金融
和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效
的促进了科技成
果的转化和产业化。主要概括为
“
五化< /p>
”
。一、发挥科技资源密集的优势，以企
业为主体，以市场为导向， 政产学研协同创
新；二、鼓励和引导高校和科研院所
通过技术转移中心和 产业技术研究院的平台开展科技成
果转化；三、培育和支持
高新技术产业 创新、创业服务新业态的发展，推动投资主体多元化、
运行机制多
样化的 孵化器建设；
四、
进一步推动设立科技金融专营机构，
集中力量聚 焦战略
性
新兴产业领域
；
为轻资产的软件和信息服务等科技型企业提供全链条的金融支
持；
五、
鼓励知
I
R
产权代理机构、信息
咨询公司、会计事务所、法律事务所、投
资和管理咨询等专业服务机
构为
科技型企业提供支持，推动其创新发展。
2.
中华的宇宙观
“
天人合一
”
见诸于文学是
“
物 我交融
”
，主要理法是
“
比
兴
”
。
见
诸
于绘
画是
“
贵在似与不似之间
”
，主要理法是
“
外师造化，内得心源”。在诗画历史
影响下的中
国园林，追求的境界就必然是
“
虽由人作，宛自天开。”主要理法是由
< p>“比兴
”
衍生的
“
借
景
”
。设计序列为明旨一立意一相地一布局一理微一余韵。在“人
与天调
”
前提下肯定人的
主观能动性，<
/p>
“
人杰地灵
”
、
“
景 物因人成胜概”。凡风景
必名胜是中国风景名胜区的特色。
※
西方电影名的翻译特征
电影是一种老少皆宜、
雅俗共赏人们喜闻乐见的艺术形式。
一部好的影片之所以能吸引成
千上万的观众,除了演员的精湛演技、
富有哲理的对话以及绚丽多彩的画面
外 ,与其寓意深刻、
回味无穷的片名有着直接的联系。片名,是影视片的品牌商标看似简单
却是作者颇费神思的产
物,寥寥数词凝聚着整个作品的精髓。
在众多的影
视广告海报上,片名都处于十分醒目的位置,
它直接起着“导视”的作用
。
一、电影片名的翻译理论
电影是一门综合艺术,片名的翻译既
要遵循一定的翻译原则和方法,也需要具备丰富的文
化知识和扎实的语言功底。片名翻译
不是简单机械地对号入座,需要根据影
片的内容,考虑东
西方文化的异同
以及翻译的可接受性,使其既传递影片的信息,同时又富有美感。“一名之立,
旬月踯躅
”,以严谨的态度进行片名的翻译,精雕
细凿,才能有脍炙人口的经典佳译。
美国翻译理论家奈达(Nida)
认为在各种翻译法中,社会符号学翻译法是最具优点最为全
面的一种。
按照社会符号学翻译法的基本理论,语言是一种独特的符号系 统;语言系统中最重要
的是语
义,它体现了语言的功能。
而英国翻译理论家纽马克(Newmark)认为语言具有六种功能:
表情功能(exp
ressive
function)、信息功能(informative
fun ction)、祈使功能(vocative
function)、美感功能(aest
hetic
function)、酬应功能(phatic
function)、 元语言功能