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英语高级句型
I. 否定句 II. 判断句
III. 祝愿祈使句 IV. 感叹句 V.
疑问句
VI. 数词句型 VII. 关联指代 VIII. 比较句型
IX. 比喻句型
I. 否定句
1. 主语+否定谓语，not +
同前主语 用语加强否定语气。
I’ll not do such a thing,
not I.
He won’t break his word, not
he.
Tom can’t speak Russian, not
he.
2. 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less +词组或从句
用语进一步否定。
I could not assent to, much less
participate in such proceedings.
He doesn’t
like music, still less/much less dancing.
I
didn’t even see him, still less/much less shake
hands with him.
3. 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing
of/not to speak of/not to mention
+名词
主语+否定谓语+let alone+名词或从句
用语进一步否定。
He doesn’t know English, to say
nothing of German or French.
I don’t know
algebra or geometry, not to mention
calculus.
I never thought of it, let alone
(much less/still less) did I do it.
4.
半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词 表示半否定或让步否定。
Few,
however, if any, besides the King himself,
believed that Hermione was quilty.
I saw
little or nothing of him after you were
gone.
She seldom or never (if ever) made a
mistake.
Peter read little or nothing
(little if anything) in summer
vacation.
Mr. Morris seldom or never went
out.
5. 主语+cannot + but/choose but/help but
+动词原型 意为“不得不，别无选择”。
I cannot but admire
his courage.
We can’t (choose) but admit
that in certain aspects of science and technology
they are ahead of us.
We can’t but read
books to increase our knowledge.
6. （There
be）No+主语+but+谓语+其它 双重否定表示强烈之肯定。
（其中but
相当于who...not, that...not,
which...not）
There is no man but has his
faults.
(There is no man who doesn’t have
his faults.
There is no man without
faults.
All men have faults.)
(There
is) Nobody but has his faults.
There is no
rule but has exceptions.
There is nobody
but knows this matter.
7. A分句（否定）+ but +
B分句（肯定） 借否定来强调肯定。
It never rains but
pours.
She never comes but she brings us
something to eat.
They never met but they
fought.
8. 主语+be + the last + 名词+从句/to
do
He is the last person to say
that.
You are the last woman that I want to
marry.
That is the last place where I
expected to have met you.
Lying is the last
thing that he is likely to do.
II.
判断句
9. 主语+can’t+谓语+too+形容词/副词
表示强烈之肯定。
You can’t read too much/ many
books.
We can’t be too
careful.
Nobody can have too many
friends.
She can never have too many
dresses.
10. 主语+谓语+no other than/none other
than/ none but+宾语/表语 强调判断句。
The man was no
other than John.
We depend on none but
ourselves.
11. 主语+be nothing +else
but/else
than/less than+表语
强调判断句。
He is nothing but a paper
tiger.
The situation is nothing else
but/than fine.
That is nothing less than a
miracle.
Genius is nothing but labor and
diligence.
12. 主语+be not A, but B./ 主语+be
+B+ and (but) not A. 选择判断句。
I am very ill,
not bodily, but mentally.
The tragedy is
not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you
don’t know.
It is yours, and not
mine.
It is not mine, but yours.
13.
(It is) Not that A + but that B.
选择判断句。
It is not that I dislike the work,
but that I have no time.
Not that we are
afraid of Americans, but that they are afraid of
us.
It is not heroes that make history, but
history that makes heroes, and that, consequently,
it is not heroes who create a people, but the
people who create heroes and more history
onward.
14. So far from being ..., 主语+谓语
选择判断句。
So far from being a help, he is a
hindrance.
So far from being ashamed of it,
he takes pride in it.
So far from being
true, the news is false.
15. 主语+be + less A
than B./ 主语+be+ more B than A.
比较判断句。
Experience shows that success is due
less to ability than to zeal.
It is even
more a picture that a poem.
He is more shy
than (he is) unsocial.
He is more angry
(not angrier) than frightened.
16. 主语+be+B
rather than A. 与其说，不如说。比较判断句。
He is an
ordinary worker rather than a leader.
He is
rather diligent than clever.
The patient
was worse rather than better.
He is an
artist rather than a philosopher.
17. 主语+
be not so much A as B.
与其说，不如说。比较判断句。
He is not so much a scholar
as a writer.
It is not so much a help as
advice.
A man’s worth lies not so much in
what he has as in what he is.
18. 主语+ be
being +doing. 故意, 有意。
She is being
kind.
They are being friendly.
Tom
is being naughty.
He is being
good/helpful/a fool.
19. 时间 + see/witness
+宾语 拟人表达。
The twenties century saw the
rapid development of IT.
The happy May
witnessed their grand wedding.
1976 saw the
loss of two great men in China.
III.
祝愿祈使句
20. Be so kind/good as to do sth.
委婉的请求。
Be good/kind enough to do
sth.
Be so kind/kind enough to shut the
door.
Be so good as to come and join
us.
Be good enough (so good as) to help me
with my English.
21.
Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形
类似let，但更委婉。
Suppose we try to do it my
way.
Suppose we start
tomorrow.
Supposing we go for a
swim.
Supposing we buy a car.
22.
Long live +第三人称主语 ...万岁。
Long live the
people!
Long live our
motherland!
23. May +主语 +动词原形
祝愿。
May you return soon.
May he be
happy.
May she never repent this
act.
(May) God bless you.
24. 名词 to
名词 祝愿。
Glory to the
people!
Success to you!
Best wishes
to you!
A happy journey to you!
25.
If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语 若...
就好了。
If only Mao Zedong were still by our side
to see this with his own eyes!
If only I
had known then what I knew long
afterwards!
If only I could see her
again!
26. O/Oh/Ah, + that
从句（虚拟）
O/Oh/Ah, + to be +表语
O/Oh/Ah,
+ 虚拟谓语 +主语 虚拟的愿望。
Oh, that she could
come back to life again!
O that he were a
live and could see this!
Ah, to be in
England now that April is there!
O to be a
boy again!
O were he only here!
O
had I wings!
27. Be+主语 +表语
表语 + be
+主语 书面语的愿望。
Be ours a happy
meeting!
Light be her heart and gay her
merry eyes!
So be it! (So may it be. Be it
so.)
Blessed be he that spares these stones
and curst be he that moves my bones.
28.
Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语 祝愿。虚拟的愿望。
Would
(that) it were otherwise!
<
br>
Would that they were safe home
again!
Would I were a woman!
Would
that I were young again!
IV. 感叹句
29.
To think that + 从句（虚拟谓语）意外而感叹。
To think
that you should fail!
To think that I
should be s insulted!
To think that I knew
nothing about it!
To think that you
are/were so careless!
30. Fancy + 动名词
表示“真想不到”。
Fancy meeting so many friends
here!
Fancy his doing a thing like
that!
Fancy his making such a wonderful
speech!
Fancy (that)! Just fancy!
V.
疑问句
31. 疑问词+in the world/on earth/the
devil/ever ...? 强调疑问句。
What in the
world do you mean?
Who on earth told you
that?
Who the devil is he?
Where
ever did you lose it?
Who ever wants
it?
32. 疑问句+do you think/did you say/can
you guess/do you suppose +
其它？疑问句中插入成分。
What do you think I should do
first?
How old were you then, did you
say?
How many books, can you guess, did he
buy the other day?
33. 肯定陈述，+ 肯定反问 修辞性反问
以加强语气，非反意问句，故无需作答。
肯定反问中的动词须重读。
We
are old friends, not strangers, right?
So
you have seen the film, have you?
She is a
sweet girl, is she?
34. 疑问词位置不在句首
特殊疑问句的灵活运用。
Five times what number makes
20?
You are twenty-what this
year?
He is your who?
You bought a
what yesterday?
He went all the way
where?
VI. 数词句型
35.
用exactly/clear/sharp 精确整数。
The cloth
measures ten yards exactly.
It’s now
exactly ten o’clock.
It’s ten
sharp.
It takes me three clear
days.
36. about /or so/ more or less/ some
约指整数。
About ten thousand cars were
produced.
He wrote some 800
books.
During the past ten years or so, the
production has increased by 90 %.
It’s an
hour’s journey, more or less.
37.
年龄表达
I am 20.
I am 20 years
old.
I am 20 years of age.
I am aged
20 (years).
My age is 20 (years).
He
entered school at the age of 5.
He became
plump at 50.
He graduated at 20
years of age.
He is a girl of 18 (years
old).
He is a man aged 20
years.
They are under/below 7 years of
age.
She is in her teens.
38.
计量表达
The tree is about 60 feet high (in
height).
long—in length
wide—in width thick—in thickness
heavy—in weight
high(物)—in height
tall(人)—in height deep—in depth
across—in breadth(宽度)
across—in
diameter(直径) across—in
radius(半径)
This room measures 60 feet (in
length) by 15 feet (in breadth).
VII.
关联指代
39. On (the) one hand, ... and on the
other (hand) ... 同一事物之两面。
On the
one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other, I
am your comrade and friend.
They have been
blamed on the one hand and lauded on the
other.
On the one hand, you shouldn’t be
shy; on the other hand, you mustn’t forget your
manners.
40. two (both) ... the one (and)
the other...
two (both) ...the former, the
latter...
two (both) ...the first, the
second...
two (both) ...that,
this...
two (both) ...those, these...
先后两事物。
I have two brothers; the one
(former) is fifteen, and the other (latter) is
eleven.
Work and play are both necessary to
health; this (the latter) gives us rest, and that
(the former) gives energy.
They keep horses
and cattle, those for riding, and these for
food.
41. first...second...third...lastly..
.
firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...<
br>
one...two...three...four... 序列。
First, I wish both of you good health.
Second, I wish both of you success in your work;
and third, I wish both of you good luck in
everything.
What do we need in order to
really win? We need three things: first, arms,
second, arms, third, arms and arms
again.
VIII. 比较句型
42. 某些形容词-or + to
+ 被比对象 特殊比较级句型。
His strength is superior
to/greater than mine.
Socialism is superior
to capitalism.
My knowledge is inferior
to/less than his.
Is your father senior to
mine?
Colored people are by no means
inferior to white people.
His arrival is
posterior to that of my friend.
43.
Better...than... “宁可，最好”，It
is被省略。
Better late than
never.
Better to do well than to say
well.
Better to light one candle than to
curse the darkness.
Better die standing
than live kneeling.
44. choose A before B
优先选择。
A hero should choose death before
dishonor.
I am willing to work myself to
death before I give up.
I would do anything
before that.
IX. 比喻句型
45. like, as
比喻。
He stood there like a tree.
Use
a book as a bee does a flower.
A year has
gone as a tortoise goes heavy and slow.
46.
A is to B as C is to D.
A to B is what C is
to D. 比喻
Reading is to the mind what
exercise is to the body.
Intellect is to
the mind what sight is to the body.
Air is
to us what/as wate
decrease/ fell
from 15 to 7 percent.
… increased/
decreased by 10% over the last year.
The
figure/ percentage has nearly doubled/ tripled as
against that of the last year.
It has
increased/ decreased two and a half times,
compared with…
It accounts for 25% of the
total.
… is less/ more than 20% of the
total number of …
The rate was 20 per
thousand, more than one fourth of …
用于论证和说明：
We may
site/ quote/ take a single/ common example to
illustrate…
A recent study indicates/
suggests/ shows that…
According to the
statistics provided by…, it can be seen that…
There’s a good/ sufficient evidence to
show that…
This brings out/ sets froth the
important fact that…
No one can ignore/
overlook the fact that…
Let’s take an
example/ some examples to illustrate…
I
can think of no better illustrations of the idea/
view than the fact that…
It’s clear/ well-
known that…
用于文章结尾：
From what
has been discussed about… Taking into account all
these factors, we may safely arrive at/ draw/ come
to/ reach the conclusion that…
It’s high
time that we put consideration/ great/ special
emphasis on…
We must look for an immediate
method, because the present situation of … If
permitted to…, it will lead/ result to …
Many solutions/ methods are being offered
here, all of them make some sense, but none is
quiet satisfactory. The problem should be examined
in a new way.
There’s no immediate
solution to the problem of…, but… might be
helpful/ beneficial.
No easy method can be
at hand to solve the problem of …, but the general
awareness of the necessity/ importance of … might
be the first step right now.
There’s
little doubt/ denying that…
It’s,
therefore, obvious/ evident that the task of …
require immediate attention.
As far as …
be concerned, I believe/ think that…
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