-
大学英语四级写作资料
一、大学英语四级考试大纲（
2006
修订版）对写作的要求
写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考
生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇
不少于
120
词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间
< p>30分钟。
写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作
，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核
的技能是：
A.
思想表达
1.
表达中心思想
2.
表达重要或特定信息
3.
表达观点、态度等
B.
篇章组织
4.
围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点
5.
连贯地组句成段，组段成篇
C.
语言运用
6.
运用恰当的词汇
7.
运用正确的语法
8.
运用合适的句子结构
9.
使用正确的标点符号
10.
运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等）
D.
写作格式
11.
运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式
大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性
写作任务，
能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般
性话题或提纲在半小时内写
出至少
120
词的短文，内容 基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。
”
二、四级考试写作评分标准
（
1
）本题满分为
15
分。
（
2
）阅卷标准共分四等：
2
分、
5
分、
8
分、
11
分及
14
分。各有标准样卷
1-2
份。
（
3
）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数 （如
8
分）相似，即定为该分数（即
8
分）
；
若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即
9
< p>分）或减一分（即7
分）
。但不得加或减半分。
（
4
）评分标准
?
?
?
?
?
?
2
分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5
分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严 重语法错误。
8
分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚 连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11
分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。
14
分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。
注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给
0
分。
（
5
）字数不足应酌情扣分。
题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。
只写一段者：
0-4
分；只写两段者，
0-9
分（指规定三段的作文）
（
6
）各档作文相当于百分制的得分， 列表如下，称为得分率。其中
9
分的得分率为
60
分（相当于百分制
的
60
分）
。
作文分
得分率
1
7
2
14
3
20
4
27
5
34
6
40
7
47
8
54
9
60
10
67
11
74
12
80
13
87
14
94
15
100
三、四级考试作文最低分规定
教育部高等教育
司及全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会，于
1996
年
11
月作出了“大学英语作文将要
从
1997
年
6
月开始实行英语作文最低分”的若干规定。具体记分方法如下：
1.
根据目前考生的作文均值，将作文分的最低分定为
6
分。
2.
作文分为
0
分，总分若高于
60
分，报分时一律作为
59< /p>
分不及格处理；若低于
60
分，报分时一律再减
6< /p>
分；
3.
作文分大于
0
分，小于
6
分，则按下式计算成绩：
< /p>
例（
1
）原计算总分为
63
分，实得作文分为
2
分，最后报分：
63-6+2=59
分
例（
2
）原计算总分为
80
分，实得作文分为
4
分，最后报分：
63-6+4=78
分
例（
3
）原计算总分为
55
分，实得作文分为
3
分 ，最后报分：
55-6+3=52
分
四、本期训练重点题型（期末考试题型）
体裁：论说文
模式：
1
、现象分析型
现象分析型作
文主要是以当前社会上存在的热门现象为话题，如
98
年
1
月的“
My
View
on
Fake
Commodities
”
，
03
年
1
月的“
It Pays to Be Honest
”
，
05
年
6
月的 “
Say No to Pirated Products
”等等。由此
可见，标题的核心大都是当今社会存在的某种问题，如“假冒伪劣产品”
、
“盗版”等。面对此种作文，在
描述现象之后，则可能具体分析该现象产生的
根源（原因）
、影响（正面影响和
/
或负面影响）
、解决方案或
发展方向等。那么，具体从哪一方面入手，如何组织文章的内容，详略如何
布局等问题，则需要根据具体
的提纲而定。
例如：
2002
年
6
月四级作文
Directions: For
this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write
a composition on the topic Student Use of
Computers. You should write at least
120 words, and base your composition on the chart
and the outline given
below:
1.
上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间
: 1990
年（
2 hours
）
、
1995
年
(4 hours)
、
2002
年
(14
hours)
，请描述其变化；
2.
请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展 等方面加以说明）
；
3.
你认为目
前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
[
参考范文
] Student Use of Computers
Students tend to use
computers more and more nowadays. Reading this
chart, we can find that the average
number
of
hours
a
student
spends
on
the
computer
per
week
has
increased
sharply.
In
1990,
it
was
less than
2
hours; and in 1995, it
increased to almost 4 hours; while in 2000, the
number soared to 20 hours.
Obviously
computers
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular.
There
are
several
reasons
for
this.
First
,
computers
facilitate us in more aspects of life.
Also
, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for
using
computers. We can easily contact with friends in
remote places through the Internet.
Besides
, the prices of
computers
are getting lower and lower, which enables more
students to purchase them.
Along
with
the
time
spent
on
computers,
there
arise
some
problems.
The
most
serious
one
is
that
many
students
are
spending
so
much
time
playing
PC
games
so
that
they
ignore
their
studies.
It
is
urgent
to
let
the
students use computers in a proper way.
2003
年
1
月四级作文
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.
You
should write at least 120 words according to the
outline given below in Chinese:
1
．
当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象
2
．
诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实
[
参考范文
] It Pays to Be Honest
Honesty is a cherished Chinese traditional virtue. But nowadays there are many dishonest cases in society.
Some businessmen
cheat their customers for higher profits.
Some employees cheat their bosses for higher
positions. Some people cheat
their friends for more money. Even some government
officials cheat their people for
more
interests. These phenomena anger every person of
integrity. Then, why do they come into being?
This may be because these people believe that nobody will find out their dishonesty. However, eventually
their customers will come to
purchase their products no more,
their bosses will dismiss them,
their friends no
longer help
them in case of their crisis,
and their people will remove them from office.
They pay the price for
their own
behavior. Therefore, everyone should be honest,
which benefits not only himself but also others.
2004
年
1
月六级作文
1
．有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重
2
．浪费的危害
3
．杜绝浪费，从我做起
Reduce Waste on Campus
Nowadays, there is an increasingly
serious phenomenon on campus-waste. Rows of lights
glare in studentless
classrooms,
residue of rice and dishes jam in the waste
buckets, taps of water weep with nobody doing
washing
around...
Such sights are so common yet so serious that it is high time that they were eliminated, because now we are
living
in a world short of fresh water and it is not
exaggerating to say that every drop of water is
precious. And
although many of us don't
have to worry about lack of
food any more, there are still
millions who are starving
somewhere in the world.
If we do not cherish things we have today, sooner or later we will be short of them,
since many resources cannot be
recycled.
To reduce waste on campus, everyone should discipline himself:
Turn off the light when you are the last to
leave
the classroom.
Use metal or plastic chopsticks instead of disposable ones--and eat up!
Keep a teacup in
your
school bag rather than throw each bottle away
after it becomes empty!
2005
年
6
月六级作文
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products.
You should write at least 150 words
following the outline given below:
1.
目前盗版的现象比较严重
2.
造成这种现象的原因及其危害
3.
我们应该怎么做
Say No to Pirated
Products
At present, piracy is becoming unprecedentedly visible in China. Any products, like tapes, CDs and hi-tech
devices,
can be copied, not to mention books. Shortly after
a newly-published book hits the shelves, people
will
unsurprisingly find its pirated
counterparts in the stores.
It has been widely believed that piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate producers, inventors and authors
in
many ways. To start with, pirated products often
cost much less than the original ones, so they
enjoy unbeatable
advantage in price in
spite of their relatively poor quality. The
original ones, on the contrary, sell badly. As far
as
pirated books are concerned, they do great' harm to the authors' reputation due to their misprints. In the long run,
pirated products may also have a
negative impact on customers since those
legitimate producers' enthusiasm may
be
greatly hurt by the fact that some customers are
more inclined to purchase pirated products.
In my opinion,
it's high time that the government called on everyone to start the battle against piracy.
Besides, as customers, we should
develop our consciousness to resist pirated
products. And laws should be strictly
carried out to ban piracy from
spreading any further.
Only in this way can we put an end to piracy and create a
healthy environment for both customers
and producers.
2006
年
6
月六级作文
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Traveling Abroad. You should
write at least 150 words based on the
chart and outline given below:
Number
of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000
and 2005
1
．近十年来
X
市有 越来越多的人选择出境旅游
2
．出现这种现象的原因
3
．这种现象可能产生的影响
Travelling Abroad
The diagram shows the numbers of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 2005. As indicated in
the table, in 1995, about 10,000 people
in the city went sightseeing abroad. Five years
later, in the year of 2000, the
number
increased greatly to 40,000. Another five years
later, in 2005, the number dramatically tripled,
reaching a
surprising peak of more than
120,000. We can see clearly more and more people
traveling abroad in the last ten
years.
One
reason
for
this
drastic
increase
can
be
attributed
to
the
booming
of
Chinese
economy
in
these
years,
which
has
significantly
raised
the
income
of
the
people.
With
more
savings
in
their
bank
accounts,
people
no
longer regard
traveling abroad as a luxury which they could
hardly afford before. This may also be due to the
rapid
development in the social culture
in China, which have greatly broaded the horizons
of the Chinese people and
have
made
them
more
interested
in
the
outside
world.
Indeed,
few
people
now
can
resist
the
temptation
of
the
sunlight in
Thailand, the mysteries in Egypt and the beaches
in Australia.
This
rapid
development
in
traveling
abroad
is
very
rewarding.
More
Chinese
tourists traveling
abroad
will
surely promote China's
economic and cultural exchange with other
countries. And also, with increased contacts,
there will be better mutual
understanding between people of these countries.
But the greatest benefit travel brings
about is that it has greatly improved
the quality of cultural life of the Chinese
people.
2008
年
1
月六级作文
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Digital Age.
You should
write at least 150 words
following the outline given below.
1.
如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如……
2.
数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和辞海产生的影响
The Digital Age
分析：
< /p>
由上可见，此种模式的作文的第一段一般都是某一社会现象的描述。在描述时不妨使用主题
句加例子的模
式，
且略写较佳。
第二
（三 ）
段详写，
一般都是分析现象背后的原因
（
cau ses
）
或者该现象产生的影响
（
effects
）
。
有时，
这一现象可能是一坏现象—— 问题时，
则可能要求分析解决这一问题的手段或方式（如
2005
年
6
月
六级作文）
。
这时 ，
现象分析型作文与下边的问题解决型作文则融合在一起
（作文的例子参见历年真 题范文）
。
2
、问题解决型
问题解决型作
文的特点是：作文题目中一般就直截了当地给出了文章应该说明的主要内容——问题解
决
的办法，如“
How to Solve the Housing Problems in Big Cities
”
，
“
How I Finance My Education
”
，
“
How to
Succeed in a Job Interview
”等等。此类 作文在谋篇布局时，一般按照一个提纲一个段落来布局；但是到底
哪个（些）段落详写，
哪个（些）段落略写，则视具体情况而定。以
2000
年
1
月四级作文为例，作文给了