-
考研英语作文框架
第一部分框架结构
(一)
INTRODUCTION
:引言
/
起始
/
淘金段,图画
/
图表描述 段,
3
句。
1. General description
:总体描述,
1
句。
2. Details 1
、
2
、
3
:挖掘细节词、联结成句,
1-2
句 。
3. Caption
:文字说明,
1
句。
< p>
(二)
BODY
:主体
/
拓展段,意 义阐释段,
5
句。
1. TOPIC
SENTENCE
:主题句,即
SYMBOLICMEANINGS
(象征寓意)
,
1
句。
2.
ARGUMENT
:论证,
3
句。
1
)五大角度:
Background, facts, others’ opinions, reasons,
consequence
2
)六种手段:
Cause and effect, Classification, Definition and
explanation, Statistics and facts,
Exemplification, Compare and
contrast
3
)联系现实
(三)
CONCLUSION
:结论段,建议措施段,
4
句。
1. Concluding sentence
:结论句,
1
句。
2. Suggestions 1
、
2
:针对双方提建议,
2
句。
3.
包装结尾,展望未来:
1
句。
第二部分框架详解
(一)
IN TRODUCTION
:引言
/
起始段,图画
/< /p>
表描述段,
3
句。
1.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
:总体描述,
1
句,第 一段主题句。
人物
/
动物
/
事物+动作+环境,
或人物+服装+表情。
图画作文第一段< /p>
一般是图画或图表描述,不应发表太多议论,第一段发表议论属于跑题。请
考生牢记,考研是提纲作文。
下面以考过的图画作文为例:
1
)
1998
:这幅图画生动地描述了一只母鸡正在做出承诺(并非下蛋)。 p>
As is vividly revealed in the
cartoon,
a hen is making promises.
2
)
2000
:这些图画生动地描述了鱼 和渔船在过去一百年内数量的变化。
The drawings
vividly illustrate
the changes of numbers of fishes
and fishing-boats in the past
100 years.
3
)
2001
:这幅图画生动地描述了一盏灯在黑暗中闪光(一支火苗在黑暗
中微笑)
。
It is vividly described in the
picture that
a lamp is lightening in
the darkness/a spark is smiling in the
darkness.
4
)
2002< /p>
:这幅图画生动地描述了一位可爱的美国小女孩身穿传统中国服
装,面带甜
美的微笑。
The photo vividly
shows
a lovely American girl in traditional
Chinese costume with a sweet smile on
her face.
5
)
2003< /p>
:这些图画生动地描述了一朵娇弱的鲜花在不同环境中的命运。
This set of drawings vividly
reflects
the destiny of a delicate
flower under different circumstances.
6
)
2004
:
这幅图画生动地描述了一个小男孩在操场上跑步
(跑道上冲刺)
。
It is vividly illustrated in the
cartoon that
a boy is running on the
playground/making the final spurt along
the race track.
7
)
2005
:这幅图画生动地描述了四个孩子在球场上打一场养老
“
足球赛
”
。
As is
vividly depicted in the drawing,
four young people are
playing a
playground.
8
)
2006
:这些图画生动地描述了贝克汉姆目前在中国很受欢迎。
The pictures vividly reveal
that Beckham is extremely popular in
China at present.
2.
DETAILS 1
、
2
、
3
:挖 掘细节词,联结成句,
1-2
句。
1<
/p>
)
1998
:
While laying eggs, she is proudly promises that her eggs
are all round and oval-shaped rather
than twisted. In addition,
they are all
composed of eggshells, egg whites and yolks.
在下蛋的同时,母鸡骄傲地承诺她下蛋不见棱见角。此外,保证有蛋皮
、
蛋清、蛋黄。
2
)
2000
:
In one picture, there were various kinds of fishes and only
one fishing-boat in 1900.
On the contrary,
in 1995 there was only
one fish, but a great many
fishing-boats.
在一幅图中,
190 0
年时有很多种鱼,但只有一艘捕鱼船。相反,在
1995
年只有一条鱼,但是有很多捕鱼船。
3
)
2001
:
An oil lamp is designed with a flame showing a child’ s
smile. It looks so pure and innocent
that we can almost feel the
care and
warmth from the symbol of love.
一盏油灯的火苗露出孩子的微笑。它看起来如此天真无邪,以至于我们几
乎可以感受到
来自这个爱心象征的关爱和温暖。
4
)
2002
:
She wears ribbons, earrings, necklaces and other
accessories that are characteristic of
the clothes of a certain
Chinese
minority group. Besides, the costume has added
oriental
charm to her beautiful
appearances.
她戴着具有中国某个少数民族特征的发带
、耳环、项链和其他装饰品。此
外,这套服装为她美丽的外表增添了东方的魅力。
5
)
2003
:
In the first drawing, the flower is placed in a comfortable
greenhouse which protects
it from the threatening storm.
By
contrast,
when it is exposed to the driving rain, the fragrant flower
soon fades and withers, with petals
cast about on the ground.
在第一幅图
中,这朵鲜花被放在舒适的温室中,免于可怕的风雨侵袭。相
反,当它暴露在暴雨之下时
,这朵芳香的花朵迅速凋谢枯萎,花瓣散落一
地。
6
)
2004
:
After a long journey, he is making the final spurt toward
the finishing line, sweat pouring down
his face. Straight ahead
liesa sign
which indicates a new
him to continue
rushing to the next destination.
经过长途跋涉之后,
这个小男孩朝着终点进行最后的冲刺,
汗水淌下脸庞。< /p>
在他面前有一个标志显示着新的
“
起点
”< /p>
,
并且激励他继续向着下一个目标冲
刺。
7
)
2005
:
In the cartoon, each of them stands in the different corner
of the field. The elder son
kicks out the old father, with the other
three children guarding their goals.
图画中,每个孩子站在球场的一角。大儿子踢出老父亲,其他三个孩子
守
着球门。
8
)
2006
:
In the first photo, there is a young man with Beckham on
his face. In the second picture,
there is another young man who is
doing
Beckham’ s haircut in a barber’ s shop.
p>
在第一张照片中,一个年轻人脸上写着贝克汉姆。在第二幅图中,另外一
个年轻人正在理发店做贝克汉姆的发型。
3.
CAPTIONS
:文字说明,
1
句。
在
20012007
这七年中,有六年的图画中都有中文的文字说 明,可以
翻译过来作为首段末句。
基础较好的同学可以不写,
< p>只写“
总体描述+挖掘细
节
”
即可,重点在于描述图画;
基础一般的同学可以写一句挖掘细节,再加一
句文字说明。
1
)
2001
:
The caption reads,
in darker places
文字说明显示:
“
爱心是一盏灯,在越 黑暗的地方越明亮。
”
2
)
2003
:
We are informed that,
cannot withstand the
test of a storm
文字说明显示:<
/p>
“
温室花朵经不起风雨。
”
3
)
2004
:
The caption reads,
point
文字说明显示:
“
终点又是新起点。
”
4
)
2005
:
We are informed that it is a
financ
ially support the elderly”.
文字说明显示:这是一场
p>
“
养老足球赛
”
。
5
)
2006
:
In the first cartoon,
the caption indicates that
for the idol is written on
the face”. In the second photo, we are
informed that he is spending 300 Yuan
imitating his idol’s haircut.
在
第一幅图中,文字说明显示
“
把崇拜写在脸上
”
。 在第二幅图中,我们得知
这个年轻人
“
花
300
元做个小贝头
”
。
p>
(二)
BODY
:主体
/
拓展 段,意义阐释段,
5
句。
图画作文的创
作原则是:以小见大,把握象征寓意,个体想为群体,具
体想为抽象。
1. TOPIC
SENTENCE
主题句:
1
句。
应是
symbolicmeanings
,即图画或图表的深层象征寓 意。此句是文
章的中心思想,也是第二段的主题句,承上启下。
1
)
1998
:
The symbolic meaning of the picture is to show us that
importance should be attached to the
widespread meaningless
promises made by
people from all walks of life.
这幅图画的象征寓意是我们应该充分重视各行各业的人们所做出的广泛而
无意义的承诺。
2
)
2000
:
The purpose of the drawer is to show us that due
attention has to be paid to the decline
ocean resources.
这位画家的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视海洋资源的减少。
3
)
2001
:
The picture illustrates the real meaning of love, by
stressing the fact that love is
emotional strength, which can
support
us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.
无论我们周围的世界变得如何黑暗,爱都是能够支撑我们的一种情感力
量。
这幅图画通过强调这一事实,阐释了爱的真正含义。
4
)
2002
:
The fact that people from different countries are attracted
to mysterious Chinese culture
indicates that to some extent a
culture
can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared
internationally.
各国人
民被神秘的中国文化所吸引这个事实,显示了在某种程度上,一种
文化可以被接受、尊重
、欣赏和分享。
5
)
2003
:
Undoubtedly, the drawings have symbolically revealed a
serious problem
in our daily life, parents’
doting care to only
children in the current
society.
毫无疑问,这些图画象征性地显示了我们日常生活
中的一个严重问题:当
代社会中父母对独生子女的溺爱。
6
)
2004
:
The cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the
process of running in which one should
make constant efforts and
never stop
making progress.
这幅图画揭示了人生就像跑步的
过程,
需要不断付出努力,
决不停止进步。
7
)
2005
:
The purpose of the drawing is to show us that utmost
importance should be attached to the
mistreatment of senior
citizens.
这幅图画的目的是告诉我们应该重视虐待老年人的问题。
8
)
2006
:
The pictures have subtly reflected the social phenomenon
that idol worship is
prevalent among the teenagers nowadays.
这些图画微妙地反映了偶像崇拜在当今青少年中非常盛行这一社会现象。
2.
ARGUMENT
论证:
3
句。
考生最常犯的问题就是只有论点,没有论据。牢记:每个观点后面都应
有原因、
解释或例证。
1
)五大角度:
任何问题都可从五大角度进行论证,考试中选取任何一个角度均可。建
议
70%
的同学从原因的角度进行论证。
①
BACKGROUND
背景:
考研大作文都是一个问题,任何问题都不是凭空出现的,都有其政治、
经济、文化和社会背景。
例如
2006
年作文:
A. With globalization, idol worship is
extremely popular among the
adolescents.
随着全球化的进展,偶像崇拜在青少年中非常流行。
B. With the speedy social and economic
development, youngsters
in mounting
numbers admire the celebrities.
随着社会经济的迅速发展,越来越多的年轻人崇拜名人。
C. With the reform and opening-up in
recent decades in China,
young people
in expanding numbers adore superstars.
随着中国近年来的改革开放,越来越多的年轻人崇拜明星。
②
FACTS
事实:
There is no denying the fact that a
great many fans worship pop
singers,
film and sports stars.
不可否认很多
p>
“
粉丝
”
崇拜流行歌手、影星、体育明星等。
③
OTHERS
’ OPINIONS
反方观点:
任何一个问题都包含正反
两方面观点,你的观点即正方观点,与你对立
的为反方观点。英文写作讲究欲扬先抑、欲
进则退,在提出正方观点之前,
可以先提出反方观点,并进行驳斥。
A. 2001
:
When we use the word
,
we do not simply mean an
attraction to a person of the opposite
sex, which is a very narrow
definition
of the word.
当我们使用
“
爱
< p>”这个字时,
我们不仅仅指对于异性的吸引,
这只是这个单词
的狭隘定义。
B.
2002
:
What the picture conveys goes far beyond only a new
fashion trend.
Instead, it carries cultural meanings.
这幅图画所表达的内涵远不只是一种新的时装潮流。反之,它具有文化内
涵。
C. 2003
:
To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us
that the flower growing in the green
house cannot withstand the
test of the
storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed
should be taken more seriously.
首先,
这两幅图的目的是要告诉我们
“
温 室里的花朵经不起风雨
”
,
而其微妙
传达
出的象征意义更应被重视起来。
D. 2004: Once a
person stops making progress, he can hardly
maintain his past glory and survive in
this competitive world.
一旦一个人停止
进步,他很难保持过去的荣耀并在这个竞争世界中生存下
去。
④
REASONS
原因:
根据最新考研大纲,
阅卷老师在图画作文第二段最希望看到的是对这个
问题原因的分析,任何问题的出现至少应给出
2-3
点原因,不能只有一 点原
因。
70%
的考生第二段最好去分析问题的原因,这 是我们的写作重点。
例如
2004
年:
Owing to the quickening pace of life,
competition goes increasingly
fierce in
all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue
one goal
after another.
由于生活
节奏加快,各行各业的竞争日渐激烈,激励每一个人追求一个又
一个目标。
⑤
CONSEQUENCE
结果:
任何问题都有结果,结果一般有利有弊。
A.
2002: Since the trend of globalization become
irresistible,
cultural communication
can effectively improve mutual
understanding and friendship.
< /p>
由于全球化潮流不可阻档,因此文化交流可以有效地增进相互间的理解和
< br>友谊。
B.
2003
:
Once the young people begin to seek independence and
accept challenges
from the real world, they are found too spoiled to
be strong enough in the face of
difficulties.
年轻人已经被父母惯坏,一旦他们开始
在现实世界中寻求独立并接受挑战,
很难坚强地面对困难。
2
)六种手段:
英文论说文有
六种常见的论证手段,最常使用的是因果、分类和举例论
证。
①
CAUSE AND EFFECT
因果论证:
英文写作非常讲究逻辑性,<
/p>
最常见的逻辑就是因果关系。
一般前果后因,
即结果在前,
原因在后,和中文写作的前因后果正好相反。考研写作每段第
一句均为主题句,即结果,
后面的论证就是原因,所以每段均为因果论证。
如
2005
年:
First and foremost, some people shirk
their duty of financially
supporting
their old and helpless parents due to their own
interests.
Furthermore, some elderly
people are often ill- treated by their own
children and cannot lead a normal life.
Last but not least, while
some young
people enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are
neglected and reduced to utter poverty.
首先,有些人由于自己的利益逃避赡养他们年迈无助父母的责任。其次,
有些老年人经常被他们自己的子女虐待,不能过正常生活。最后,当一些
年轻人
享受舒适生活的同时,他们的父母被忽视,一贫如洗。
②
CLASSIFICATION
分类论证:
建议考研
同学进行分类论证,
在第二段写
2-3
点原因或例证,
< p>第三段写
两点建议,这样结构更严谨,逻辑更清晰。
③
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION
定义和解释:
A.
定义:
采用自问自答的设问形式,
这也是英文写作常见的修辞手段。
多数同学喜欢平铺直叙,故使用设问容易引起考官注意。在文中运用一两次
即可,不宜过多。
如
2006
年:
What is idol worship? Idol worship is
usually the adolescents’
admiration to
famous stars.
什么是偶像崇拜?偶像崇拜通常是年轻人对明星的仰慕。
B.
解释:
即换个角度把上一句说一遍,仅用一次即可。
如
2003
年:
In other words, a nation’s unique
culture can become international
through worldwide economic and cultural
exchanges.
换言之,一个民族的独特文化可以通过全球性
的经济和文化交流走向世界。
④
STATISTICS AND FACTS
统计和事实:
大多数同学空喊口号
,所以使用数字说话很有说服力,自己可以虚构一些数
据,只要自圆其说、真实可信即可
。
如
2006
年:
According to the recent survey/ data/
figure/ statistics/ study by
the
Chinese Academy of Social Science, 70% of
teenagers in China
worship superstars.
根据中国社会科学院最新的调查,
70%
的中国青少年崇拜明星。
⑤
EXEMPLIFICA TION
举例论证:
举例论证是英文写作最常用的论证
手段,英文写作厌恶陈词滥调,喜欢
使用个人经历或具体例子进行论证,以使文章更具说
服力。在考研写作历史
上,
2001
年第二段和
2004
年第三段都要求举例论证。即使提纲没有要求
举例,每年
第二段的意义阐释段也可以进行举例论证。
A.
2001
年第二段:
As an example of the power of love, we should
remember how the
Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the
call to help the victims of natural
disasters every year. Although
their
incomes are still low by international standards,
people all over
the country do not
hesitate to donate whatever they can-be it money
or goods-to help their needy fellow
citizens. Moreover, they do this
with
no thought of gain for themselves.
B. 2004
年第三段:
A case in point is the successful launching of
“Shenzhou V
Spacecraft
aviation and space flight.
Although it means a great achievement for
us Chinese, we are facing new
challenges in the future and need to
do
further research in space technology. Another
illustration is
closely related to us,
the examinees. If we pass this test and are
fortunately admitted by a university,
we shall not stop making
efforts.
Instead, we still have to strive for success in
our future
academic study, employment
and career.
C.
2006
年第二段:
Beckham represents the image of sport hero
whose handsome
appearance and unparalleled football skills are
passionately adored by all the sports
fans. Likewise, several teenage
girls
won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl
Contest in
China, which provoked
nationwide noisy debates on the value and
harm of admiring these idols.
⑥
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
比较和对比:
比较即比较两者的相同
点,对比即对比两者的不同点,基础较好的同学
可以进行正反论证。
3
)联系现实:
将图画中的每个事物和现实进行联系。
例如
2003
年:
The delicate flower is naturally
associated with young people, to be
specific, the only children in our
current society; the greenhouse
epitomizes parents’ doting care and
abundant material supplies
that can
shield the children from the storms, or the harsh
reality.
这朵娇弱的花朵自然使人联想到年轻人,具体地说
,是我们社会中的独生
子女。温室则是父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影,它为年轻人档风
遮雨,
使他们远离残酷的现实。
3.
SUMMARY
小结:
1
句。
将论证的三句话进行总结,与本段主题句首尾呼应。
例如
2006
年: