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一
教育类
1. A nation should require all its
students to study the same national curriculum
until they enter
college rather than
allow schools in different parts of the nation to
determine which academic
courses to
offer.
2. While some leaders in
government, sports, industry, and other areas
attribute their success
to a well-
developed sense of competition, a society can
better prepare its young people for
leadership by instilling in them a
sense of cooperation.
3. In
order to improve the quality of instruction at the
college and university level, all faculty
should be required to spend time
working outside the academic world in professions
relevant
to the courses they teach.
4. Universities should require
every student to take a variety of courses outside
the student's
field of study because
acquiring knowledge of various academic
disciplines is the best way to
become
truly educated.
5. Colleges and
universities should offer more courses on popular
music, film, advertising, and
television because contemporary culture
has much greater relevance for students than do
arts
and literature of the past.
6. It is primarily through
formal education that a culture tries to
perpetuate the ideas it favors
and
discredit the ideas it fears.
7. Some educational systems emphasize
the development of students' capacity for
reasoning
and logical thinking, but
students would benefit more from an education that
also taught them
to explore their own
emotions.
8. It is often
asserted that the purpose of education is to free
the mind and the spirit. In reality,
however, formal education tends to
restrain our minds and spirits rather than set
them free.
9. How children are
socialized today determines the destiny of
society. Unfortunately, we have
not yet
learned how to raise children who can help bring
about a better society.
10.
Both parents and communities must be involved in
the local schools. Education is too
important to leave solely to a group of
professional educators.
11. The
purpose of education should be to provide students
with a value system, a standard, a
set
of ideas-not to prepare them for a specific job.
12. Society should identify
those children who have special talents and
abilities and begin
training them at an
early age so that they can eventually excel in
their areas of ability.
Othervise,
these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.
13. Although innovations such
as video, computers, and the internet seem to
offer schools
improved methods for
instructing students, these technologies all too
often distract from real
learning.
二
学习类
1. We
can usually learn much more from people whose
views we share than from people
whose
vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause
stress and inhibit learning.
2.
No field of study can advance significantly unless
outsiders bring their knowledge and
experience to that field of study.
3. Anyone can make things
bigger and more complex. What requires real effort
and courage is
to move in the opposite
direction-in other words, to make things as simple
as possible.
4. Students should
memories facts only after they have studied the
ideas, trends, and
concepts that help
explain those facts. Students who have learned
only facts have learned
very little.
5. Scholars and researches
should not be concerned with whether their work
makes a
contribution to the larger
society. It is more important that they pursue
their individual interests,
however
unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.
6. In any academic area or
professional field, it is just as important to
recognize the limits of
our knowledge
and understanding as it is to acquire new facts
and information.
7. Facts are
stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our
wishes, our inclinations, or the
dictates of our passions.
8. Students should bring a certain
skepticism to whatever they study. They should
question
what they are taught instead
of accepting it passively.
9.
There is no such thing as purely objective
observation. All observation is subjective; it is
always guided by the observer's
expectations or desires.
10.
The human mind will always be superior to machines
because machines are only tools of
human minds.
11.
Critical judgment of work, in any given field has
little value unless comes from someone
who is an expert in that field.
12. People who pursue their own
intellectual interests for purely personal reasons
are more
likely to benefit the rest of
the world than are people who try to act for the
public good.
13. Originality
does not mean thinking something that was never
thought before; it means
putting old
ideas together in new ways.
14.
The study of ac academic discipline alters the way
we perceive the world. After studying
the discipline, we see the same world
as before, but with different eyes.
15. The way students and scholars
interpret the materials they work with in their
academic
fields is more of personality
than of training. Different interpretations come
about when people
with different
personalities look at exactly the same objects,
facts, data, or events and see
different things.
16. As we acquire more knowledge,
things do not become more comprehensible, but more
complex and more mysterious.
17. It is a grave mistake to theorize
before one has data.
三
行为类
1.
Although many people think that the luxuries and
conveniences of contemporary life are
entirely harmless, they in fact,
prevent people from developing into truly strong
and
independent individuals.
2. Public figures such as actors,
politicians, and athletes should expect people to
be interested
in their private lives.
When they seek a public role, they should expect
that they will lose at
least some of
their privacy.
3. Creating an
appealing image has become more important in
contemporary society than is
the
reality or truth behind that image.
4. The concept of 'individual
responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although
societies must hold
individuals
accountable for their own actions, people's
behavior is largely determined by forces
not of their own making.
5. People work more productively in
teams than individually. Teamwork requires
cooperation,
which motivates people
much more than individual competition does.
6. In any realm of life-whether
academic, social, business, or political-the only
way to succeed
is to take a practical,
rather than an idealistic, point of vies.
Pragmatic behavior guarantees
survival,
whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by
simpler, more immediate options.
7. It is primarily through our
identification with social groups that we define
ourselves.
8. Only through
mistakes can there be discovery or progress.
9. Most people recognize the
benefits of individuality, but the fact is that
personal economic
success requires
conformity.
10. People who are
the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are
the most critical of it.
11. No
amount of information can eliminate prejudice
because prejudice is rooted in emotion,
not reason.
12. The
most essential quality of an effective leader is
the ability to remain consistently
committed in particular principles and
objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily
influenced by shifts in popular opinion
will accomplish little.
13.
Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset
than experience. People who lack
experience are free to imagine what is
possible and thus can approach a task without
constraints of established habits and
attitudes.
14. In any given
field, the leading voices come from people who are
motivated not by
conviction but by the
desire to present opinions and ideas that differ
from those held by the
majority.
15. It is always an individual
who is the impetus for innovation; the details may
be worked out
by a team, but true
innovation results from the enterprise and unique
perception of an
individual.
16. Success, whether academic or
professional, involves an ability to survive in a
new
environment and--, eventually, --to
change it.
17. Most people
choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic
considerations as the needs
of the
economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and
the salary they can expect to make.
Hardly anyone is free to choose a
career based on his or her natural talents or
interest in a
particular kind of work.
18. If a goal is worthy, then
any means taken to attain it is justifiable.
19. People often look for
similarities, even between very different things,
and even when it is
unhelpful or
harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be
considered on its own terms, we
should
avoid the tendency to compare it to something
else.
20. People are mistaken
when they assume that the problems they confront
are more complex
and challenging than
the problems, faced by their predecessors. Thus
illusion is eventually
dispelled with
increased knowledge and experience.
21. Moderation in all things is ill-
considered advice. Rather, one should say,
'Moderations is
most things,' since
many areas of human concern require or at least
profit from intense focus.
22.
Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue.
But loyalty-whether to one's friends, to one's
school or place of employment, or to
any institution-is all too often a destructive
rather than a
positive force.