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高考英语书面表达讲解与训练——开放性写作
一
.
教学内容：
书面表达讲解与训练
开放性写作（北京卷）
开放性写作是北京卷近两年增加的第二篇作文，英文为
open-ending composition
。它所
给提示比较简单，
要求学 生根据提供的情景，
写一段接续文字。
这篇作文要求学生充分发挥
想象力和创造力，自己拓展主题，组织篇章结构，
既能体现出学生活跃的思维，又能表现 出
他们的逻辑思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力。
它要求学生必须在短时间 内写出一篇内容充实
新颖、思想健康、符合逻辑、交际得体的，字数不少于
50
个字的作文。
写作注意要点：
1.
审题要准，定位要清。
即：审语境、审人称、审时态。注意写作对象和语言风格，要 有读者的意识，看文章是
以第几人称出现；说话的对象是谁；看清题目要求。
2.
逻辑清晰，合情合理。
要做到思想健康，积极向上。要力求内容新颖，必须符合逻辑。
要把理由说充分 ，是在现实生活中可能会发生的事情。内容要新颖、健康、乐观向上，
（所表述的内容、
观点是主动、
积极向上的）
，
我们在写作时要注意 的是求新并不等于求怪，
并不是说越希奇古怪、越离谱越好。
内容新颖并 非是别人完全没提过的、全新的想法，
而是
别人在相同的情景之下讲得比
较少的，又不违背逻辑的想法。
新颖的思路能够充分表现学
生的创造力。
3.
内容充实，详略得当。
要有主次之分，详略得当。要进行细致描写，有细节的支撑。
考查的目的
---
能否正确使用英语达到交际的目的。
（语言要口语化）把事情说 具体，缺
少细致的描写，
就像建房只搭架子不用砖一样，显得空洞无味。 英语写作有一条座右铭，那
就是
“
show more than tell
”
，
意思是细节表达一定要多于抽象陈述，
也就是写作要细节化或
举例说明。我们尽量用看得见、摸得着的东西来具体表达思想。才能使文章充实、有趣，符
< br>合开放作文的要求。
4.
内容完整、首尾呼应。
要紧扣主题，符合要求，首尾呼应
有头有尾；展现给读者一个完整的画面。
【典型例题】
［开放性写作分类与解析：
］
1.
逻辑性思维
(logical thinking )
给出结果猜测可能性（
cause and effect
）
根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字。
注意：词数不少于
30
。
You and your friend ar
e in your room. He finds one of the windows is broken and says, “Your
window is broken. What
happened?”
You tell him what happened.
Possible version:
I guess it was all my fault. My mother was doing some reading by the window yesterday, and
she asked me to get a book from the
bookshelf for her. It was a hardcover and a little
thick. I got
the book and decided to
throw it to her. But she missed it, and it broke
the window.
Cause and effect
type
：
?Now please tell us why you have refused it.
?You tell him what happened.
2. 2003
高考北京试卷
聚集性思维（
convergent thinking
）
给出语境陈述计划、打算
(planning )
根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字，词数不少于
30
。
You are talking with one of your close friends about your plans for the summer vacation. You
say to him, “I’m going to enjoy
myself in the vacation.” He asks, “What exactly
are you going to
do to have
fun?”
You tell him what
you want to do to
make
your
vacation great fun. Be sure to use one or
more examples to
show what you mean.
Possible version:
I’ll go to a beach to see the seabirds flying in the dark
-blue sky and drive a motorboat, sailing
through
clear water toward the rising sun. Then I’ll surf
the “” website, play games on
“FreeEnglish. com”,
or chat with friends online about hot movies like “The Lord of the Rings”
and “Harry
Potter”.
Planning type:
?Your
parents
suggest
that
you
stay
in
Beijing
for
your
advanced
education. Do
you
agree
with them? Explain your reasons.
?What would you
take and why?
?Tell at least two or three choices
?Tell what you will choose and why.
3. 2004
春季高考北京试卷
发散性思维
（
divergent thinking
）
给出问题寻找解决方法
(problem solving)
根据下面提供的情景，写出你的想法。词数 不少于
50
。
On a sunny morning, Xiao Hong from Orange Town was on her way to her friend
’
s house in
Green
Hill, a small town she had never been to before.
At a crossroads, she found the signpost
(
路
标
) showing the directions had fallen over. She got lost.
How could she find out which way to go? Consider two or three different ways of working
out
the problems.
附图画
Possible version:
First of all ,Xiao Hong could ask a passer-by for directions. Since it was a sunny day, she
could
also
use
the
position
of
the
sun
to
tell
the
directions.
And
finally
she
could
replace
the
signpost so that it correctly named the
direction she had come from. Then it would be
correct for
all the other directions.
Problem solving type:
?Point
out
some
problems(
at
least
two)
…and
give
helpful
suggestions
as
to
solve
the
problem.
?How should the land be used? Give your design.
?Your grandpa retired…unhappy and depressed…trying to make him cheerful.
?Make two or three suggestions on how to improve the traffic in Beijing.
［范文及学生习作分析讲解］
1. When your mother comes home from work, she finds the living room in a terrible mess. She
asks you the reasons. You
tell her what happened.
学生习作：
1
）
When I got home, I found that there was a mouse eating an apple on the table. I put down
my bag slowly and wanted to give it a
sudden attack ,but the mouse saw me and ran away.
So I
began to run after it here and
there .But I couldn't catch it. So you see the
living room was in such
a terrible
mess.
2
）
When I came back, I found the door open. I was very puzzled because I knew at that time
my
parents
still
at
theirs
office.
Suddenly
I
saw
a
thief
in
our
living
room,
searching
for
some
money. So I
dialed 110 for help. A minute later, two policemen
came, and caught the thief. Luckily,
he
didn’t find anything useful .
答案：
This afternoon I was doing my homework when my neighbor Aunt Zhang came in with
her little son Xiao Ming. She asked me
to look after him for a while as she was out.
Shortly after his mother left, Xiao Ming began to cry. I brought out all the toys and played
with him. Soon he stopped crying and
began to play with me. He ran about happily in the
room
and scattered the toys on the
floor and made a mess. It was he who made the room
like this.
2. You have been given a chance to design a class meeting. You can choose whatever topic to
make the meeting meaningful and
instructive. What might be your topic? Why would
you choose
this topic? Give two or more
reasons to explain.
学生习作：
1
）
I
would
like
to
choose
the
topic
“
believe
in
yourself.
”
First,
if
people
believe
themselves,
they
will
have
the
confidence
to
do
better
in
their
work
or
study.
Secondly,
when
people
meet the difficulty in their lives, they need
“
believe in themsel
ves” to help them solve
those difficulty.
2
）
I prefer to talk about traffic in Beijing with my classmates. Because there are too many
cars on the road and
many people especially middle school students
didn
’
t follow the traffic rules.
We must pay attention to this. It is do
a lot of harm to our life. And in 2008, Beijing
will be held
Olympic Games. When a
foreigner saw a Chinese people didn’t follow the
traffic rules, they will
have a bad
impression. In addition, I want to encourage my
classmates to take buses so as to ease
the traffic flow.